Galina Ivanovna Ustvolskaya |

Galina Ustvolskaya

Ummeleli wokuqala womculo omusha wangemva kwempi eSoviet Union. UGalina Ustvolskaya waqala ukwenza izingoma zakhe, ezibhalwe ngolimi lomculo olwakhiwe ngokugcwele, kakade ngasekupheleni kwawo-1940 - ekuqaleni kwawo-1950 - futhi ngaleyo ndlela waqala umsebenzi wakhe iminyaka eyishumi nengxenye ngaphambi kwababhali besizukulwane samashumi ayisithupha, abafinyelela ekuvuthweni kokudala kuphela ngo. iminyaka "iphelile." Ukuphila kwakhe konke wahlala eyisihambi, umuntu wangaphandle owayengeyona ingxenye yezikole noma amaqembu okudala.

Ustvolskaya wazalwa ngo-1919 ePetrograd. Ngo-1937-47. wafunda ukwakheka noShostakovich eLeningrad Conservatory. Lapho iphela, isivele yathuthukiswa ulimi oluyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo olucacile kakhulu lwe-Ustvolskaya. Ngaleyo minyaka, wabuye wadala imisebenzi eminingana ye-orchestra, esangena emsakazweni wesitayela esihle somculo waseSoviet. Phakathi kwabadlali balezi zingoma kwakunguYevgeny Mravinsky.

Ngasekupheleni kwawo-1950, u-Ustvolskaya washiya uthisha wakhe, walahla ngokuphelele ukuyekethisa kokudala futhi waphila impilo yokungazinzi, engacebile kakhulu ezenzakalweni zangaphandle. Cishe isigamu sekhulu lokusungula, wadala izingoma ezingu-25 kuphela. Ngezinye izikhathi kwakudlula iminyaka eminingana phakathi kokuvela kwemisebenzi yakhe emisha. Yena ngokwakhe wayekholelwa ukuthi wayengadala kuphela lapho enomuzwa wokuthi uNkulunkulu wayemtshele umculo. Kusukela ngawo-1970, izihloko zemisebenzi ka-Ustvolskaya ziye zagcizelela ngokungananazi ukuma kwazo okukhona nezingokomoya, ziqukethe imibhalo yokuqukethwe kwezenkolo. "Imibhalo yami ayiyona inkolo, kodwa ngokungangabazeki ingokomoya, ngoba kuzo ngazinika konke: umphefumulo wami, inhliziyo yami," kusho u-Ustvolskaya kamuva kwenye yezingxoxo ezingavamile.

I-Ustvolskaya iyinto ekhethekile yasePetersburg. Wayengenakukucabanga ukuphila kwakhe ngaphandle kwedolobha lakubo futhi cishe akazange alishiye. Umuzwa "wokukhala ngaphansi komhlaba", ogcwalisa iningi lemisebenzi yakhe, ngokusobala ulandelela uhlu lwawo kuma-phantoms kaGogol, uDostoevsky noKharms. Kwenye yezincwadi zakhe, umqambi wathi umsebenzi wakhe “kwakuwumculo ophuma ku-black hole.” Izingoma eziningi zika-Ustvolskaya zibhalelwe ama-instrumental ensembles amancane kodwa angavamile. Kuhlanganisa - wonke ama-symphonies akhe alandelayo (1979-90) kanye nemisebenzi ayibiza ngokuthi "izingoma" (1970-75). Isibonelo, abadlali abane kuphela ababambe iqhaza ku-Symphony yakhe yesine (Umthandazo, 1987), kodwa u-Ustvolskaya wenqaba ngokuqinile ukubiza le misebenzi ngokuthi "umculo wekamelo" - umfutho wabo ongokomoya nowomculo unamandla kakhulu. Ake sicaphune amazwi omqambi uGeorgy Dorokhov (1984-2013), owafa kungazelelwe (umsebenzi wakhe ungabhekwa ngezindlela eziningi njengefa elingokomoya le-"hermitage extreme" ka-Ustvolskaya): "Ukungalingani okukhulu, ukungalingani kwezingoma akusivumeli. ukubabiza ikamelo. Futhi izinsimbi zomculo ezilinganiselwe zivela ekucabangeni komqambi ogxilile, okungavumeli ngisho nomcabango wokungadingeki nje kuphela, kodwa imininingwane eyengeziwe.

Ukuqashelwa kwangempela kwafika ku-Ustvolskaya ngasekupheleni kwawo-1980, lapho abaculi bangaphandle abavelele bezwa izingoma zakhe eLeningrad. Ngeminyaka yawo-1990 - 2000s, imikhosi eminingi yamazwe ngamazwe yomculo ka-Ustvolskaya yenzeka (e-Amsterdam, Vienna, Bern, Warsaw nakwamanye amadolobha aseYurophu), kanye nendlu yokushicilela yaseHamburg iSikorski yathola amalungelo okushicilela yonke imisebenzi yayo. I-Creativity Ustvolskaya yaba isihloko socwaningo kanye nama-dissertations. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, uhambo lokuqala lomqambi lwenzeka phesheya, lapho abadlali bemisebenzi yakhe kwakunguMstislav Rostropovich, uCharles Mackerras, uReinbert de Leeuw, uFrank Denyer, uPatricia Kopatchinskaya, uMarkus Hinterhäuser nabanye abaculi abadumile. E-Russia, abahumushi abahamba phambili be-Ustvolskaya bahlanganisa u-Anatoly Vedernikov, u-Alexei Lyubimov, u-Oleg Malov, u-Ivan Sokolov, u-Fedor Amirov.

Ingoma yokugcina ka-Ustvolskaya (yesihlanu Symphony “Amen”) yangonyaka ka-1990. Ngemva kwalokho, ngokusho kwakhe, wayeka ukuzwa isandla saphezulu simtshela izingoma ezintsha. Kuyisici ukuthi umsebenzi wakhe waphela neSoviet Leningrad, futhi ugqozi wamshiya ku "gangster Petersburg" khulula ngawo-1990. Kule minyaka eyishumi nengxenye edlule, akazange abambe iqhaza empilweni yomculo yedolobha lakubo, futhi wayengavamile ukuxhumana nezazi zomculo nezintatheli. U-Galina Ustvolskaya washona esekhulile ngo-2006. Bambalwa abantu ababeze emngcwabeni wakhe. Ngonyaka wokuzalwa komqambi weminyaka engu-90 (2009), amakhonsathi okugubha usuku lwezingoma zakhe aqhutshwa eMoscow naseSt. Petersburg, ehlelwe ngu-Alexei Lyubimov, umshisekeli omkhulu womsebenzi ka-Ustvolskaya.

Umthombo: meloman.ru