Manuel de Falla |

UManuel de Falla

Ngilwela ubuciko obuqinile njengoba bulula, obungenalo ize kanye nobugovu. Inhloso yobuciko ukukhiqiza umuzwa kuzo zonke izici zayo, futhi ayikwazi futhi akufanele ibe nanoma iyiphi enye injongo. M. de Falla

UM. de Falla ungumqambi ovelele waseSpain wekhulu lesi-XNUMX. - emsebenzini wakhe wakha izimiso zobuhle zikaF. Pedrel - umholi wemibono kanye nomhleli wenhlangano yokuvuselela isiko lomculo kazwelonke laseSpain (Renacimiento). Ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-XIX-XX. Le nhlangano yamukele izici ezehlukene zempilo yezwe. Izibalo ze-Renacimiento (ababhali, abaculi, abaculi) zazifuna ukukhipha isiko laseSpain ekumeni, zivuselele imvelaphi yazo, futhi zikhuphule umculo wezwe ufinyelele ezingeni lezikole zabaqambi ezithuthukile zaseYurophu. U-Falla, njengabantu besikhathi sakhe - abaqambi u-I. Albeniz no-E. Granados, wayefuna ukuhlanganisa izimiso zobuhle ze-Renacimiento emsebenzini wakhe.

UFalla wathola izifundo zakhe zokuqala zomculo kumama wakhe. Wabe esethatha izifundo zepiyano ku-X. Trago, afunda kuye kamuva e-Madrid Conservatory, lapho afunda khona nokuvumelana nokuphikisana. Lapho eneminyaka engu-14 ubudala, u-Falla wayeseqalile ukuqamba imisebenzi ye-chamber-instrumental ensemble, futhi ngo-1897-1904. wabhala izingcezu zepiyano nama-zarzuela angu-5. U-Fallu ube nomthelela omuhle eminyakeni yokufunda no-Pedrel (1902-04), owaqondisa umqambi osemusha esifundweni sezinganekwane zaseSpain. Ngenxa yalokho, kwavela umsebenzi wokuqala obalulekile - i-opera A Short Life (1905). Ibhalwe esakhiweni esimangalisayo sempilo yesintu, iqukethe izithombe ezivezayo neziyiqiniso ngokwengqondo, imidwebo yezwe enemibalabala. Le opera yaklonyeliswa ngomklomelo wokuqala emqhudelwaneni weMadrid Academy of Fine Arts ngo-1905. Ngawo lowo nyaka, u-Falla wawina umklomelo wokuqala emqhudelwaneni wepiyano eMadrid. Unikeza amakhonsathi kakhulu, unikeza izifundo zepiyano, uqamba.

Okubaluleke kakhulu ekwandiseni imibono yobuciko ka-Falla kanye nokuthuthukisa amakhono akhe kwakuwukuhlala kwakhe eParis (1907-14) kanye nokuxhumana okuhlakaniphile nabaqambi abavelele baseFrance u-C. Debussy noM. Ravel. Ngokweseluleko sikaP. Duke ngo-1912, u-Falla waphinda walungisa amaphuzu e-opera ethi “A Short Life”, eyabe idlalwa e-Nice naseParis. Ngo-1914, umqambi wabuyela eMadrid, lapho, ngokusuka kwakhe, umphakathi womculo wadalwa ukuze ukhuthaze umculo wasendulo nesimanje wabaqambi baseSpain. Izehlakalo ezibuhlungu zeMpi Yezwe Yokuqala zibonakala “eMthandazweni omama abaphethe amadodana abo ezingalweni zabo” ngezwi kanye nopiyano (1914).

Ngo-1910-20. Isitayela sika-Falla sithatha ukuphelela. Ihlanganisa kahle impumelelo yomculo waseNtshonalanga Yurophu ngamasiko esizwe omculo waseSpain. Lokhu kufakwe kahle emjikelezweni wephimbo othi "Izingoma Eziyisikhombisa ZaseSpanishi Zesintu" (1914), emdlalweni we-pantomime wesenzo esisodwa oculayo "Love the Magician" (1915), obonisa izithombe zempilo yamagypsies aseSpain. Emibonweni ye-symphonic (ngokusho kwegama lombhali) "Ubusuku Ezingadini ZaseSpain" wepiyano ne-orchestra (1909-15), u-Falla uhlanganisa izici zesici ze-French impressionism nesisekelo seSpanishi. Ngenxa yokubambisana no-S. Diaghilev, i-ballet "Cocked Hat" yavela, eyaziwa kabanzi. Izibalo zamasiko ezivelele njengo-choreographer u-L. Massine, umqhubi u-E. Ansermet, umdwebi u-P. Picasso wabamba iqhaza ekwakhiweni nasekusebenzeni kwe-ballet. U-Falla uthola igunya esikalini saseYurophu. Ngesicelo somdlali wepiyano ovelele u-A. Rubinstein, u-Falla ubhala ucezu oluhle kakhulu lwe-virtuoso "Betic Fantasy", olususelwe kuzindikimba zomdabu zase-Andalusi. Isebenzisa amasu okuqala avela ekusebenzeni kwesigingci saseSpain.

Kusukela ngo-1921, u-Falla usehlala eGranada, lapho, kanye noF. Garcia Lorca, ngo-1922 wahlela uMkhosi we-Cante Jondo, owawunomsindo omkhulu womphakathi. E-Granada, u-Falla wabhala umsebenzi wokuqala womculo kanye neshashalazi i-Maestro Pedro's Pavilion (esekelwe esakhiweni sesinye sezahluko ze-Don Quixote ka-M. Cervantes), ehlanganisa izici ze-opera, i-pantomime ballet kanye nombukiso wamaphaphethi. Umculo walo msebenzi uhlanganisa izici zomlando weCastile. Eminyakeni yama-20s. emsebenzini ka-Falla, izici ze-neoclassicism ziyabonakala. Zibonakala ngokucacile ku-Concerto ye-clavicembalo, umtshingo, i-oboe, i-clarinet, i-violin ne-cello (1923-26), enikezelwe kumculi we-harpsichord wasePoland ovelele uW. Landdowska. Iminyaka eminingi, u-Falla wasebenza esiteji esiyisikhumbuzo sika-cantata Atlantis (ngokusekelwe enkondlweni ka-J. Verdaguer y Santalo). Yaqedwa umfundi womqambi u-E. Alfter futhi yenziwa njenge-oratorio ngo-1961, futhi njenge-opera yadlalwa e-La Scala ngo-1962. Eminyakeni yakhe yokugcina, u-Falla wayehlala e-Argentina, lapho aphoqeleka ukuba afuduke esuka e-Francoist Spain. ngo-1939.

Umculo ka-Falla ngokokuqala ngqa uhlanganisa umlingiswa weSpanishi ekubonakaleni kwawo kuzwelonke, ngaphandle kwemikhawulo yendawo. Umsebenzi wakhe wenza umculo weSpanishi walingana nezinye izikole zaseNtshonalanga Yurophu futhi wamlethela ukuqashelwa emhlabeni wonke.

V. Ilyeva