Alexander Konstantinovich Glazunov |

Alexander Glazunov

UGlazunov udale umhlaba wenjabulo, ubumnandi, ukuthula, ukundiza, ukuhlwithwa, ukucabanga nokunye, nokunye okuningi, ujabule njalo, ucacile futhi ujulile, uhlala uhloniphekile ngokungavamile, unamaphiko ... A. Lunacharsky

Uzakwabo wabaqambi be-Mighty Handful, umngane ka-A. Borodin, owaqeda izingoma zakhe ezingakaqedwa ngekhanda, kanye nothisha owasekela u-D. Shostakovich osemusha eminyakeni yokucekelwa phansi kwangemva kokuvukela umbuso ... Isiphetho sika-A. Glazunov ngokusobala ihlanganisa ukuqhubeka komculo waseRussia nowaseSoviet. Impilo eqinile yengqondo, amandla angaphakathi avinjelwe kanye nezikhulu ezingaguquki - lezi zici zobuntu zomqambi zaheha abaculi abanomqondo ofanayo, abalaleli, nabafundi abaningi kuye. Eyakheka emuva ebusheni bakhe, banquma isakhiwo esiyisisekelo somsebenzi wakhe.

Ukuthuthukiswa komculo kaGlazunov kwakushesha. Uzalelwe emndenini womshicileli wezincwadi odumile, umqambi wakusasa wakhuliswa kusukela ebuntwaneni endaweni yokwenziwa komculo ngentshiseko, ejabulisa izihlobo zakhe ngamakhono akhe amangalisayo - indlebe enhle kakhulu yomculo kanye nekhono lokukhumbula ngekhanda imininingwane yomculo ngaso leso sikhathi. wake wezwa. Kamuva uGlazunov wakhumbula: “Sasidlala kakhulu endlini yethu, futhi ngayikhumbula ngokuqinile yonke imidlalo eyadlalwa. Ngokuvamile ebusuku, ngivuka, ngangibuyisela ngengqondo emininingwaneni emincane engangiyizwile ngaphambili ... ”Othisha bokuqala bomfana babengabadlali bopiyano uN. Kholodkova no-E. Elenkovsky. Indima ebalulekile ekubunjweni komculi yadlalwa ngamakilasi nabaqambi abakhulu besikole saseSt. Petersburg - M. Balakirev noN. Rimsky-Korsakov. Ukuxhumana nabo kwasiza uGlazunov ukuba afinyelele ngokushesha ekuvuthweni kokudala futhi ngokushesha wakhula waba ubungane babantu abanomqondo ofanayo.

Indlela yomqambi osemncane eya kumlaleli yaqala ngokunqoba. I-symphony yokuqala yombhali oneminyaka eyishumi nesithupha (eyaqala ukuboniswa ngo-1882) yavusa izimpendulo ezinogqozi ezivela emphakathini kanye nabezindaba, futhi yaziswa kakhulu ozakwabo. Ngawo lowo nyaka, kwaba nomhlangano owathonya kakhulu isiphetho sikaGlazunov. Ekuhlaziyeni kwe-First Symphony, umculi osemusha wahlangana no-M. Belyaev, umculi oqotho womculo, umthengisi omkhulu wezingodo kanye ne-philanthropist, owenza okuningi ukusekela abaqambi baseRussia. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kuqhubeke, izindlela zikaGlazunov noBelyaev zaziwela njalo. Ngokushesha umculi osemusha waba njalo ngoLwesihlanu Belyaev sika. Lokhu kusihlwa komculo kwamasonto onke kuhehe ngeminyaka yama-80s nama-90s. amandla amahle kakhulu omculo waseRussia. Kanye noBelyaev, uGlazunov wathatha uhambo olude phesheya, wajwayelana nezikhungo zamasiko zaseJalimane, Switzerland, France, izingoma zomdabu eziqoshiwe eSpain naseMorocco (1884). Phakathi nalolu hambo, kwenzeka isenzakalo esikhumbulekayo: UGlazunov wavakashela uF. Liszt e-Weimar. Endaweni efanayo, emkhosini owawunikezelwe umsebenzi kaLiszt, i-Symphony Yokuqala yomlobi waseRussia yenziwa ngempumelelo.

Iminyaka eminingi uGlazunov wayehlotshaniswa nezingane ezithandwayo zikaBelyaev - indlu yokushicilela umculo namakhonsathi e-symphony aseRussia. Ngemva kokushona komsunguli wenkampani (1904), uGlazunov, kanye noRimsky-Korsakov no-A. Lyadov, baba yilungu leBhodi Labaphathiswa ngokukhuthaza abaqambi nabaculi baseRussia, abadalwe ngaphansi kwentando nangezindleko zikaBelyaev. . Emkhakheni womculo nowomphakathi, uGlazunov wayenegunya elikhulu. Ukuhlonishwa kozakwabo ngekhono lakhe nolwazi lwakhe kwakusekelwe esisekelweni esiqinile: ubuqotho bomculi, ukucophelela kanye nokwethembeka okucwebezelayo. Umqambi uhlole umsebenzi wakhe ngokunemba okukhulu, ngokuvamile ebhekana nokungabaza okubuhlungu. Lezi zimfanelo zanikeza amandla omsebenzi wokuzidela ekuqanjweni komngane oshonile: Umculo kaBorodin, owawusevele wenziwa umbhali, kodwa awuzange ulotshwe ngenxa yokufa kwakhe okungazelelwe, wagcinwa ngenxa yenkumbulo emangalisayo kaGlazunov. Ngakho, i-opera ethi Prince Igor yaqedwa (kanye noRimsky-Korsakov), ingxenye yesibili ye-Third Symphony yabuyiselwa enkumbulo futhi yahlelwa.

Ngo-1899, uGlazunov waba uprofesa, kwathi ngo-December 1905, inhloko ye-Conservatory yaseSt. Petersburg, endala kunazo zonke eRussia. Ukukhethwa kukaGlazunov njengomqondisi kwandulelwa inkathi yovivinyo. Imihlangano eminingi yabafundi ibeka phambili isidingo sokuzimela kwe-conservatory evela ku-Imperial Russian Musical Society. Kulesi simo, esahlukanisa othisha emakamu amabili, uGlazunov wachaza ngokucacile isikhundla sakhe, esekela abafundi. Ngo-March 1905, lapho uRimsky-Korsakov esolwa ngokugqugquzela abafundi ukuba bavukele futhi baxoshwe, uGlazunov kanye noLyadov basula njengoprofesa. Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kamuva, uGlazunov wenza i-Kashchei the Immortal kaRimsky-Korsakov, ehlelwe ngabafundi be-Conservatory. Umdlalo, ogcwele izinhlangano zezombusazwe ezikhuluma ngezihloko, uphele ngomhlangano ozenzakalelayo. UGlazunov uyakhumbula: “Ngabe sengizifaka engozini yokuxoshwa eSt. Petersburg, kodwa noma kunjalo ngavumelana nalokho.” Njengempendulo ezenzakalweni zoguquko zika-1905, ukuguqulwa kwengoma ethi "Hey, let's go!" kuvele. eyekwaya ne-orchestra. Kuphela ngemva kokuba i-conservatory inikezwe ukuzimela, uGlazunov wabuyela ekufundiseni. Waphinda waba umqondisi, wacubungula yonke imininingwane yenqubo yemfundo ngokucophelela kwakhe okujwayelekile. Futhi nakuba umqambi wakhononda ngezincwadi: “Ngicindezelwe kakhulu umsebenzi wobuciko bemvelo kangangokuthi anginaso isikhathi sokucabanga nganoma yini, ngokushesha nje ngezinkathazo zosuku lwanamuhla,” ukukhulumisana nabafundi kwaba isidingo esiphuthumayo ngaye. Abantu abasha baphinde bakhangwa kuGlazunov, bezwa kuye inkosi nothisha weqiniso.

Kancane kancane, imisebenzi yezemfundo, yezemfundo yaba yizona eziyinhloko zeGlazunov, ecindezela imibono yomqambi. Umsebenzi wakhe wokufundisa nowomculo wezenhlalo wathuthuka ikakhulukazi phakathi neminyaka yenguquko kanye nempi yombango. Inkosi yayinesithakazelo kukho konke: imincintiswano yabaculi abangamateur, kanye namakhonsathi adlalwayo, nokuxhumana nabafundi, nokuqinisekisa ukuphila okuvamile koprofesa nabafundi ezimweni zokucekelwa phansi. Imisebenzi kaGlazunov yathola ukuqashelwa kwendawo yonke: ngo-1921 waklonyeliswa ngesihloko esithi People's Artist.

Ukuxhumana ne-conservatory akuzange kuphazamiseke kuze kube sekupheleni kokuphila kwenkosi. Iminyaka yokugcina (1928-36) umqambi osekhulile wayichitha phesheya. Ukugula kwamphatha kabi, izinkambo zimdina. Kodwa uGlazunov wayelokhu ebuyisela imicabango yakhe e-Motherland, kubalingani bakhe, ezindabeni ze-Conservative. Wabhalela ozakwabo nabangane: “Nginikhumbula nonke.” UGlazunov wafela eParis. Ngo-1972, umlotha wakhe wathunyelwa eLeningrad futhi wangcwatshwa e-Alexander Nevsky Lavra.

Indlela kaGlazunov emculweni ihlanganisa cishe ikhulu leminyaka. Kwaba nokwehla nokwenyuka. Ekude nezwe lakubo, uGlazunov akazange aqambe lutho, ngaphandle kwamakhonsathi amabili wezinsimbi (ye-saxophone ne-cello) nama-quartets amabili. Ukukhuphuka okuyinhloko komsebenzi wakhe kuwela kuma-80-90s. Ikhulu le-1900 nasekuqaleni kwe-5s. Naphezu kwezikhathi zezinkinga zokudala, inani elikhulayo lezindaba zomculo, zezenhlalakahle nezokufundisa, phakathi nale minyaka uGlazunov wadala imisebenzi eminingi ye-symphonic (izinkondlo, ama-overtures, amaphupho), okuhlanganisa "Stenka Razin", "Forest", "Sea", "Kremlin", i-symphonic suite "Kusukela eNkathini Ephakathi". Ngesikhathi esifanayo, iningi lama-quartet ezintambo (2 kwabayisikhombisa) kanye neminye imisebenzi ehlangene yavela. Kukhona futhi amakhonsathi abalulekile efeni lokudala likaGlazunov (ngaphezu kwalawo ashiwo - amakhonsathi epiyano angu-XNUMX kanye nekhonsathi yevayolini ethandwa kakhulu), ezothando, amakhwaya, ama-cantata. Nokho, impumelelo enkulu yomqambi ixhunywe nomculo we-symphonic.

Abekho abaqambi basekhaya basekupheleni kwe-XIX - ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-XX. akazange anake kakhulu uhlobo lwe-symphony njengoGlazunov: ama-symphonies akhe angu-8 enza umjikelezo omkhulu, ophakeme phakathi kwemisebenzi yezinye izinhlobo ezifana nobubanzi bezintaba ezinkulu ngokumelene nengemuva lamagquma. Ethuthukisa incazelo yasendulo ye-symphony njengomjikelezo wezingxenye eziningi, enikeza isithombe esijwayelekile somhlaba ngomculo wezinsimbi, u-Glazunov wakwazi ukubona isipho sakhe se-melodic esivulekile, ingqondo enengqondo ekwakhiweni kwezakhiwo zomculo eziyinkimbinkimbi. Ukungafani okungokomfanekiso kwama-symphonies kaGlazunov phakathi kwawo kugcizelela kuphela ubunye bawo bangaphakathi, obusekelwe esifisweni esiqhubekayo somqambi sokuhlanganisa amagatsha angu-2 we-symphonism yesiRashiya eyayikhona ngokufana: i-lyrical-dramatic (P. Tchaikovsky) kanye ne-picory-epic (abaqambi be-The Mighty Hand. ). Ngenxa yokuhlanganiswa kwala masiko, kuvela into entsha - i-symphonism ye-lyrical-epic kaGlazunov, eheha isilaleli ngobuqotho bayo obukhanyayo namandla obuqhawe. Ukuthululwa kwamagama amnandi, izingcindezi ezimangalisayo nezigcawu zohlobo olumnandi kuma-symphonies ziyalingana, zigcina ukunambitheka okuhle komculo. “Akukho ukungezwani emculweni kaGlazunov. Ungumfanekiso olinganiselayo wemizwa ebalulekile kanye nemizwa ebonakala emsindweni…” (B. Asafiev). Kuma-symphonies kaGlazunov, umuntu uhlatshwa ukuvumelana nokucaca kwe-architectonics, ukusungulwa okungapheli ekusebenzeni nezindikimba, kanye nezinhlobonhlobo ezivulekile zephalethi ye-orchestral.

Ama-ballet kaGlazunov angabuye abizwe ngemidwebo enwetshiwe ye-symphonic, lapho ukuhlangana kwesakhiwo kuhlehlela ngemuva ngaphambi kwemisebenzi yokulingiswa komculo okucacile. Okudume kakhulu kubo "Raymonda" (1897). Inganekwane yomqambi, osekunesikhathi eside ithakathwa ukucwazimula kwezinganekwane ze-chivalric, idale imidwebo emihle enemibala eminingi - umkhosi enqabeni yasendulo, imidanso eshisayo yesi-Spanish-Arabic kanye ne-Hungary ... . Ezikhangayo ikakhulukazi izigcawu eziningi, lapho izimpawu zombala wesizwe zidluliswa ngobuqili. "U-Raymonda" wathola impilo ende kokubili yaseshashalazini (kusukela ekukhiqizweni kokuqala komculi odumile uM. Petipa), nasesiteji sekhonsathi (ngesimo se-suite). Imfihlo yokuthandwa kwayo ilele ebuhleni obuhle bezingoma, ekuhambisaneni okuqondile kwesigqi somculo nomsindo we-orchestra kupulasitiki womdanso.

Kuma-ballet alandelayo, uGlazunov ulandela indlela yokucindezela ukusebenza. Yavela kanjena i-Young Maid, noma i-Trial of Damis (1898) kanye ne-Four Seasons (1898) - ama-ballets anomdlalo owodwa nawo adalwe ngokubambisana no-Petipa. Isakhiwo asibalulekile. Esokuqala siwumfundisi omuhle emoyeni kaWatteau (umdwebi ongumFulentshi wekhulu lesi-XNUMX), okwesibili kuwumfanekiso ongasoze waphela wendalo, ohlanganiswe emidwebeni emine yomculo neyobuciko: "Ubusika", "Spring", "Summer". ”, “Ikwindla”. Isifiso sobufushane kanye nokuhlobisa okugcizelelwayo kwama-ballets esenzo esisodwa sikaGlazunov, isikhalo sombhali enkathini yekhulu lesi-XNUMX, enemibala ehlekisayo - konke lokhu kwenza umuntu akhumbule izinto abazilibazisa ngazo amaciko Omhlaba Wezobuciko.

I-consonance yesikhathi, umuzwa wombono womlando utholakala ku-Glazunov kuzo zonke izinhlobo. Ukunemba okunengqondo nokuqonda kokwakhiwa, ukusetshenziswa okusebenzayo kwe-polyphony - ngaphandle kwalezi zimfanelo akunakwenzeka ukucabanga ukubukeka kukaGlazunov umculi we-symphonist. Izici ezifanayo ezinhlobonhlobo ezahlukene zesitayela zaba izici ezibaluleke kakhulu zomculo wekhulu lesi-XNUMX. Futhi yize uGlazunov ahlala ehambisana namasiko asendulo, okuningi kwalokho akuthola kwalungiselela kancane kancane izinto ezitholwe ngobuciko zekhulu lesi-XNUMX. V. Stasov wabiza uGlazunov "uSamsoni waseRussia". Ngempela, i-bogatyr kuphela engasungula isixhumanisi esingenakuqhathaniswa phakathi kwama-classics aseRussia nomculo weSoviet osafufusa, njengoba kwenza uGlazunov.

N. Zabolotnaya

U-Alexander Konstantinovich Glazunov (1865-1936), umfundi kanye nozakwabo othembekile we-NA Rimsky-Korsakov, uthatha indawo evelele phakathi kwabamele "isikole esisha somculo saseRussia" nanjengomqambi omkhulu, emsebenzini wakhe okucebile nokugqama kwemibala. ahlanganiswe nekhono eliphakeme kakhulu, eliphelele kakhulu, futhi njengomuntu oqhubekayo womculo nowomphakathi owavikela ngokuqinile izithakazelo zobuciko baseRussia. Ngokungajwayelekile, i-First Symphony (1882) yasheshe yakhanga ukunaka kwayo, okumangazayo ngeminyaka esemncane kangaka ekucaceni nasekupheleleni kwayo, lapho eneminyaka engamashumi amathathu wayesethola udumo olubanzi nokuqashelwa njengombhali wama-symphonies amahlanu amangalisayo, ama-quartets amane nokunye okuningi. imisebenzi, ephawulwa ngokucebile kokukhulelwa nokuvuthwa. ukuqaliswa kwayo.

Ngemva kokudonsela ukunaka kweLungu lePhalamende le-Philanthropist Belyaev, umqambi owayefisa ngokushesha waba umhlanganyeli ongaguquki, futhi omunye wabaholi bayo yonke imisebenzi yakhe yomculo, imfundo kanye nenkulumo-ze, ngokwezinga elikhulu eqondisa imisebenzi yamakhonsathi e-symphony yaseRussia, lapho. yena ngokwakhe wayevame ukwenza njengomqhubi, kanye nendlu yokunyathelisa yaseBelyaev, eveza umbono wabo onzima endabeni yokuklonyeliswa kwemiklomelo ye-Glinkin kubaqambi baseRussia. Uthisha kanye nomeluleki kaGlazunov, uRimsky-Korsakov, kaningi kunabanye, wamkhanga ukuba amsize ekwenzeni umsebenzi ohlobene nokuqhubekisela phambili inkumbulo yabantu bakithi abakhulu, ukuhlela nokushicilela ifa labo lokudala. Ngemva kokufa okungazelelwe kuka-AP Borodin, bobabili basebenza kanzima ukuze baqedele i-opera engaqediwe i-Prince Igor, ngenxa yokuthi le ndalo ehlakaniphile yakwazi ukubona ukukhanya kosuku futhi ithole impilo yasesiteji. Ngawo-900s, u-Rimsky-Korsakov, kanye no-Glazunov, balungiselela uhlelo olusha oluhlolisiswe ngokucophelela lwamaphuzu e-symphonic ka-Glinka, i-A Life for the Tsar kanye ne-Prince Kholmsky, esakugcina ukubaluleka kwalo. Kusukela ngo-1899, uGlazunov wayenguprofesa e-Conservatory yaseSt.

Ngemva kokufa kukaRimsky-Korsakov, uGlazunov waba indlalifa eyaziwayo futhi eqhubeka namasiko othisha wakhe omkhulu, ethatha indawo yakhe empilweni yomculo yasePetersburg. Igunya lakhe siqu nelobuciko lalingenakuphikiswa. Ngo-1915, mayelana nokugubha iminyaka engamashumi amahlanu uGlazunov, uVG Karatygin wabhala: “Ubani phakathi kwabaqambi abaphilayo baseRussia othandwa kakhulu? Okabani ubuciko bezinga lokuqala obungenakungabaza nakancane? Mayelana nebaphi abantu besikhathi sethu osekunesikhathi bayeka ukuphikisana, beqaphela ngokungenakuphikwa ngobuciko bakhe ukubaluleka kokuqukethwe kwezobuciko kanye nesikole esiphakeme kakhulu sobuchwepheshe bomculo? Igama lodwa lingase libe sengqondweni yalowo obuza umbuzo onjalo nasezindebeni zalowo ofuna ukuwuphendula. Leli gama ngu-AK Glazunov.

Ngaleso sikhathi sezingxabano ezinzima kakhulu kanye nomzabalazo wemisinga ehlukahlukene, lapho kungeyona nje entsha, kodwa futhi kuningi, kubonakala sengathi, kudala, kuhlotshaniswa, kwangena ngokuqinile ekuqondeni, kubangele ukwahlulela nokuhlola okungqubuzana kakhulu, "ukungaqiniseki" okunjalo kwakubonakala. engavamile futhi engavamile. Kwafakazela inhlonipho enkulu ngobuntu bomqambi, ikhono lakhe elihle kakhulu kanye nokunambitheka okungenakuqhathaniswa, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukungathathi hlangothi okuthile kwesimo sengqondo ngomsebenzi wakhe njengento engabalulekile kakade, engami kangako "ngaphezu kwezimpi", kodwa “kude nezimpi” . Umculo kaGlazunov awuzange uhehe, awuzange uvuse uthando nokukhulekela okushisekayo, kodwa wawungenazo izici ezazingamukeleki kakhulu kunoma yimaphi amaqembu aphikisanayo. Ngenxa yokucaca okuhlakaniphile, ukuvumelana nokulinganisela lapho umqambi ekwazile ukuhlanganisa ndawonye ukuthambekela okuhlukahlukene, ngezinye izikhathi okuphikisayo, umsebenzi wakhe wawukwazi ukuvumelanisa "amasiko" kanye "nabasunguli".

Eminyakeni embalwa ngaphambi kokuvela kwe-athikili ekhonjiwe kaKaratygin, omunye umgxeki owaziwayo u-AV Ossovsky, emzamweni wokunquma indawo yomlando yeGlazunov emculweni waseRussia, wathi uhlotshaniswa nohlobo lwabaculi - "abaqedile", ngokuphambene nalokho. "abavukeli" kwezobuciko, abavundulula izindlela ezintsha: "Abaguquli bengqondo" babhujiswa ubuciko obuphelelwe yisikhathi obunokuhlaziya okulimazayo, kodwa ngasikhathi sinye, emiphefumulweni yabo, kukhona ukutholakala okungenakubalwa kwamandla okudala okufanekisayo. yemibono emisha, yokwakhiwa kwamafomu amasha obuciko, abawabona kusengaphambili, njengokungathi, emibhalweni engaqondakali yokuntwela kokusa <...> Kodwa kunezinye izikhathi kwezobuciko - izinkathi zesikhashana, ngokungafani nalezo zokuqala. ezingase zichazwe njengezinkathi eziwujuqu. Abaculi, isiphetho sabo esingokomlando sisekuhlanganisweni kwemibono namafomu adalwe ngenkathi yokuqhuma kwezinguquko, ngibiza igama elishiwo ngenhla labaqedeli.

Ububili besikhundla somlando kaGlazunov njengomculi wenkathi yenguquko kwanqunywa, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuxhumana kwakhe okuseduze nohlelo olujwayelekile lokubuka, imibono yobuhle kanye nezinkambiso zenkathi edlule, futhi ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngokuvuthwa. emsebenzini wakhe wezindlela ezintsha ezithuthuke ngokugcwele esikhathini esizayo. Waqala umsebenzi wakhe ngesikhathi lapho "inkathi yegolide" yomculo we-classical yaseRussia, emele amagama kaGlinka, uDargomyzhsky kanye nabalandela isizukulwane "samashumi ayisithupha" ngokushesha. Ngo-1881, u-Rimsky-Korsakov, ngaphansi kokuqondisa kwakhe u-Glazunov wakwazi izinto eziyisisekelo zokuqamba amasu, waqamba i-Snow Maiden, umsebenzi owawuphawula ukuqala kokuvuthwa okuphezulu kokudala kombhali wayo. Ama-80s kanye nama-90s okuqala kwakuyinkathi yokuchuma okuphezulu kakhulu kukaTchaikovsky. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, u-Balakirev, ebuyela ekudaleni umculo ngemuva kobunzima obukhulu obungokomoya, udala ezinye zezingoma zakhe ezinhle kakhulu.

Kungokwemvelo ukuthi umqambi owayesafufusa, njengoGlazunov ngaleso sikhathi, waqala ukubunjwa ngaphansi kwethonya lomculo ozungezile futhi akazange abaleke ithonya lothisha bakhe namaqabane amadala. Imisebenzi yakhe yokuqala inesitembu esibonakalayo sokuthambekela kwe-"Kuchkist". Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ezinye izici ezintsha sezivele zivela kuzo. Ekubuyekezeni ukusebenza kwe-Symphony yakhe yokuqala ekhonsathini yeSikole Somculo Samahhala ngo-March 17, 1882, eyenziwa nguBalakirev, uCui waphawula ukucaca, ukuphelela nokuzethemba okwanele ekufanisweni kwezinhloso zakhe ngumuntu oneminyaka engu-16 ubudala. umbhali: “Ukwazi ngokuphelele ukuveza lokho akufunayo, futhi sonjengoba efuna.” Kamuva, u-Asafiev wadonsela ukunaka "ekunqunyelwe kusengaphambili, ukugeleza okungenamibandela" okwakhayo komculo kaGlazunov njengohlobo olunikeziwe, oluhambisana nemvelo yokucabanga kwakhe kokudala: "Kunjengokungathi uGlazunov akadali umculo, kodwa Ine adalwe, ukuze imisindo eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu inikezwe yona ngokwayo, futhi ingatholakali, imane ibhalwe phansi ("inkumbulo"), futhi ayihlanganisiwe ngenxa yomzabalazo wezinto ezingacacile ezingacacile. Lokhu kuvamile okunengqondo kokugeleza komcabango womculo akuzange kuhlupheke ngenxa yejubane nokulula kokuqamba, okwakumangalisa ikakhulukazi kuGlazunov osemusha phakathi namashumi amabili eminyaka okuqala omsebenzi wakhe wokuqamba.

Kungaba okungalungile ukuphetha kulokhu ukuthi inqubo yokudala kaGlazunov yaqhubeka ngokungacabangi, ngaphandle kwanoma yiluphi uhlobo lomzamo wangaphakathi. Ukuthola ubuso bombhali wakhe siqu kwazuzwa nguye ngenxa yokusebenza kanzima nangokuzikhandla ekuthuthukiseni ubuciko bomqambi kanye nokunothisa izindlela zokubhala umculo. Ukujwayelana noTchaikovsky noTaneyev kwasiza ukunqoba i-monotony yamasu aphawulwe abaculi abaningi emisebenzini yokuqala kaGlazunov. Umzwelo ovulekile kanye nedrama yokuqhuma komculo kaTchaikovsky kwahlala kungajwayelekile kwabavinjelwe, kuvaliwe futhi kuvinjelwe ekwambulweni kwakhe okungokomoya uGlazunov. Endabeni emfushane yesikhumbuzo, ethi, “Ukwazana Kwami NoTchaikovsky,” eyabhalwa kamuva kakhulu, uGlazunov uyaphawula: “Mina ngokwami, ngingasho ukuthi imibono yami kwezobuciko yahluka kwekaTchaikovsky. Noma kunjalo, ngifunda imisebenzi yakhe, ngabona kuyo izinto eziningi ezintsha nezifundisayo ngathi, abaculi abasebasha ngaleso sikhathi. Ngadonsela ukunakekela eqinisweni lokuthi, njengoba ngokuyinhloko umculi we-symphonic, uPyotr Ilyich wethula izingxenye ze-opera kuyi-symphony. Angizange ngiqale ukukhothamela izinto eziyisisekelo zendalo yakhe, kodwa ekuthuthukisweni okuphefumulelwe kwemicabango, isimo sengqondo nokuphelela kokuthungwa ngokujwayelekile.

Ukusondelana noTaneyev noLaroche ekupheleni kweminyaka yama-80s kube nomthelela entshisekelweni kaGlazunov ku-polyphony, kwamqondisa ukuthi afunde umsebenzi wamakhosi amadala ekhulwini lesi-XNUMX nele-XNUMX. Kamuva, lapho kufanele afundise ikilasi le-polyphony e-St. Petersburg Conservatory, uGlazunov wazama ukugxilisa ukunambitheka kwalobu buciko obuphezulu kubafundi bakhe. Omunye wabafundi bakhe abathandayo, u-MO Steinberg, wabhala, ekhumbula iminyaka yakhe yokufunda: “Lapha sajwayelana nemisebenzi yabaphikisi abakhulu bezikole zamaDashi nezase-Italy ... , uPalestrina, uGabrieli, ukuthi asithelela kanjani thina matshwele, ayengawazi kahle wonke la maqhinga, ngomdlandla.

Lezi zinto zokuzilibazisa ezintsha zabangela i-alamu nokungavunyelwa phakathi kwabeluleki bakaGlazunov e-St. Petersburg, ababeyingxenye "yesikole esisha saseRussia". U-Rimsky-Korsakov ku-"Chronicle" ngokucophelela nangokuzithiba, kodwa ngokucacile, ukhuluma ngezitayela ezintsha embuthanweni waseBelyaev, oxhumene nendawo yokudlela "ehlezi" kaGlazunov noLyadov noTchaikovsky, ababedonsa phakathi kwamabili, mayelana nokuvame kakhulu. imihlangano noLaroche. "Isikhathi esisha - izinyoni ezintsha, izinyoni ezintsha - izingoma ezintsha," uyaphawula mayelana nalokhu. Izitatimende zakhe zomlomo embuthanweni wabangane kanye nabantu abanomqondo ofanayo zazingagwegwesi futhi ziyingxenye. Kumanothi ka-VV Yastrebtsev, kukhona ukuphawula mayelana "nethonya elinamandla kakhulu lemibono kaLaroshev (Taneev's?)" ku-Glazunov, mayelana "noGlazunov owayesehlanya ngokuphelele", uhlambalaza ngokuthi "ungaphansi kwethonya lika-S. Taneyev (futhi mhlawumbe mhlawumbe Laroche ) waphola kancane ebheke eTchaikovsky.

Ukumangalelwa okunjalo ngeke kubhekwe njengokufanelekile. Isifiso sika-Glazunov sokwandisa ama-horizons akhe omculo asizange sihlotshaniswe nokuhoxiswa kozwela nothando lwakhe lwangaphambili: kwakubangelwa isifiso esingokwemvelo sokudlulela ngale "isiqondiso" esichazwe kancane noma ukubukwa kombuthano, ukunqoba inertia yezinkambiso zobuhle ezicatshangelwe ngaphambili. indlela yokuhlola. UGlazunov walivikela ngokuqinile ilungelo lakhe lokuzimela kanye nokuzimela kokwahlulela. Ephendukela ku-SN Kruglikov ngesicelo sokubika ngokudlala kweSerenade yakhe ye-orchestra ekhonsathini ye-RMO yaseMoscow, wabhala: “Ngicela ubhale ngokudlala kanye nemiphumela yokuhlala kwami ​​kusihlwa noTaneyev. U-Balakirev noStasov bayangikhuza ngalokhu, kodwa angivumelani ngenkani nabo futhi angivumelani, ngokuphambene nalokho, ngibheka lokhu uhlobo oluthile lokushisekela kwabo. Ngokuvamile, emibuthanweni enjalo evaliwe, "engafinyeleleki", njengoba umbuthano wethu wawunjalo, kukhona ukushiyeka okuningi okuncane namaqhude wesifazane.

Ngomqondo wangempela waleli gama, ukwazana kukaGlazunov neDer Ring des Nibelungen kaWagner, eyadlalwa iqembu le-opera laseJalimane elavakashela eSt. Petersburg entwasahlobo ka-1889, kwaba isambulo. Lesi senzakalo samphoqa ukuba ashintshe kakhulu isimo sengqondo sokungabaza esasivele sikhona ku-Wagner, ayehlanganyele ngaphambili nabaholi "besikole esisha saseRussia". Ukungathembi kanye nokuhlukaniswa kuthathelwa indawo uthando olushisayo, oluvuthayo. UGlazunov, njengoba avuma encwadini ayibhalela uTchaikovsky, “wayekholelwa kuWagner.” Ehlatshwe "amandla okuqala" omsindo we-orchestra ye-Wagner, yena, ngamazwi akhe, "walahlekelwa ukunambitheka kwanoma iyiphi enye insimbi", nokho, ngaphandle kokukhohlwa ukwenza ukubhuka okubalulekile: "Yebo, okwesikhashana. ” Ngalesi sikhathi, uthando lukaGlazunov lwabelwa uthisha wakhe u-Rimsky-Korsakov, owawela ngaphansi kwethonya lephalethi yomsindo kanokusho ecebile ngemibala ehlukahlukene yombhali we-Ring.

Ukusakazwa kwemibono emisha eyakhukhula umqambi osemusha enobuntu bokudala obungaguquki futhi obuntekenteke kwesinye isikhathi kwamholela ekudidekeni okuthile: kwathatha isikhathi ukuzwa nokuqonda konke lokhu ngaphakathi, ukuthola indlela yakhe phakathi kobuningi beminyakazo ehlukene yobuciko, imibono. kanye ne-aesthetics eyavuleka phambi kwakhe. Izikhundla, Lokhu kwabangela lezo zikhathi zokungabaza nokungabaza, abhala ngazo ngo-1890 ku-Stasov, owamukela ngentshiseko ukudlala kwakhe kokuqala njengomqambi: "Ekuqaleni konke kwakulula kimi. Manje, kancane kancane, ubuhlakani bami buthi buthuntu, futhi ngivame ukuzwa izikhathi ezibuhlungu zokungabaza kanye nokungabi nasinqumo, ngize ngime kokuthile, bese yonke into iqhubeka njengangaphambili … “. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, encwadini ayibhalela uTchaikovsky, uGlazunov wavuma ubunzima abhekana nabo ekusetshenzisweni kwemibono yakhe yokudala ngenxa "yomehluko emibonweni yakudala nentsha."

U-Glazunov wezwa ingozi yokulandela ngobumpumputhe nangokungagxeki amamodeli we-"Kuchkist" wesikhathi esidlule, okwaholela emsebenzini womqambi wethalente elincane ekuphindaphindweni okungenakuqhathaniswa kwe-epigone yalokho okwase kudluliselwe kakade futhi kwakwazi kahle. Wabhalela uKruglikov wathi: “Yonke into eyayiyintsha futhi eyayinekhono ngeminyaka yawo-60s kanye nama-70s, ukuyibeka kabi (ngisho kakhulu), iyadlalwa, ngakho-ke abalandeli besikole sangaphambili esinekhono sabaqambi baseRussia benza lokhu kokugcina. isevisi embi kakhulu” . U-Rimsky-Korsakov uzwakalise izahlulelo ezifanayo ngendlela evuleleke nakakhulu futhi enqumayo, eqhathanisa isimo "sesikole esisha saseRussia" ekuqaleni kwawo-90s "nomndeni ofayo" noma "ingadi ebunayo." “… ngiyabona,” wabhalela lowo owayekhuluma naye uGlazunov akhuluma naye ngokucabanga kwakhe okungajabulisi, “ukuthi. isikole esisha saseRussia noma kufa iqembu elinamandla, noma liguqulwe libe ngenye into, engathandeki ngokuphelele.

Konke lokhu kuhlola okubucayi kanye nokucabangisisa kwakusekelwe ekuqapheleni kokukhathala kohlu oluthile lwezithombe nezindikimba, isidingo sokucinga imibono emisha nezindlela zokwenziwa kwazo kobuciko. Kodwa izindlela zokufeza lo mgomo, uthisha nomfundi bafuna izindlela ezihlukene. Eqiniseka ngenjongo ephakeme engokomoya yobuciko, uthisha wentando yeningi u-Rimsky-Korsakov walwela, okokuqala nje, ukuze akwazi ukwenza imisebenzi emisha enengqondo, ukuthola izici ezintsha ekuphileni kwabantu nobuntu bomuntu. Ku-Glazunov engenzi lutho, into esemqoka yayingekho ukuthi, as, imisebenzi yohlelo olukhethekile lomculo yavezwa phambili. U-Ossovsky, owayemazi kahle umqambi, wabhala: “Imisebenzi yezincwadi, ifilosofi, izimiso zokuziphatha noma zenkolo, imibono yezithombe ayijwayelekanga kuye,” kubhala u-Ossovsky, owayemazi kahle umqambi, “neminyango yethempeli lobuciko bakhe ivaliwe kubo. U-AK Glazunov ukhathalela kuphela umculo nezinkondlo zakhe kuphela - ubuhle bemizwa engokomoya.

Uma kulesi sahlulelo kukhona ingxenye yobukhali bokuziphendulela ngamabomu, okuhlotshaniswa nokuphikisana noGlazunov ngokwakhe okuvezwe izikhathi ezingaphezu kwesisodwa ezincazelweni eziningiliziwe zomlomo zezinhloso zomculo, khona-ke isikhundla somqambi sasibonakala ngendlela efanele ngu-Ossovsky. Ngemva kokubhekana nenkathi yokusesha okungqubuzanayo nezinto zokuzilibazisa phakathi neminyaka yokuzinqumela kokudala, uGlazunov eminyakeni yakhe evuthiwe ufika ebucikweni obugcwele ubuhlakani obujwayelekile, obungakhululekile ku-inertia yezemfundo, kodwa ukunambitheka okuqinile, okucacile futhi okuphelele ngaphakathi.

Umculo kaGlazunov ulawulwa ukukhanya, amathoni abesilisa. Akabonakali ngokuzwela okuthambile kwe-passive okuyisici se-epigones ka-Tchaikovsky, noma idrama ejulile neqinile yombhali we-Pathetique. Uma ngezinye izikhathi kuvela intshiseko evusa amadlingozi emisebenzini yakhe, khona-ke asheshe aphele, evumela ukuzindla okuzolile, okuvumelanayo kwezwe, futhi lokhu kuvumelana akufinyelelwa ngokulwa nokunqoba izingxabano ezingokomoya ezibukhali, kodwa, njengokungathi. , esungulwe ngaphambilini. (“Lokhu kuphambene ncamashi noTchaikovsky!” U-Ossovsky uphawula nge-Eighth Symphony kaGlazunov. “Indlela yezenzakalo,” umdwebi uyasitshela, “inqunyelwe kusengaphambili, futhi konke kuzofika ekuvumelaneni kwezwe”).

I-Glazunov ivame ukubizwa ngamaciko ohlobo lwenhloso, lapho umuntu engakaze eze ngaphambili, evezwe ngendlela evinjelwe, ethulisiwe. Ngokwako, injongo yokubuka umhlaba wobuciko akubandakanyi umuzwa wokuguquguquka kwezinqubo zempilo kanye nesimo sengqondo esisebenzayo, esisebenzayo kuzo. Kodwa ngokungafani, isibonelo, i-Borodin, lezi zimfanelo asizitholi kubuntu bokudala beGlazunov. Ngokugeleza okulinganayo nokushelelayo komcabango wakhe womculo, ephazanyiswa kuphela ukubonakaliswa kwamagama anamandla, kwesinye isikhathi umuntu uzwa ukuvinjelwa okuthile kwangaphakathi. Ukuthuthukiswa kwetimu okujulile kushintshaniswa uhlobo lomdlalo wamasegimenti amancane omculo, angaphansi kokuhlukahluka okuhlukahlukene kwesigqi kanye ne-timbre-register noma ahlanganiswe ngokuphambene, okwenza umhlobiso weleyisi oyinkimbinkimbi futhi onemibalabala.

Indima ye-polyphony njengendlela yokuthuthukiswa kwe-thematic kanye nokwakhiwa kwefomu eliphelile eliphelele e-Glazunov lihle kakhulu. Usebenzisa kakhulu amasu ayo ahlukahlukene, kuze kufike ezinhlotsheni eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ze-counterpoint ehamba phambili, kulokhu ungumfundi othembekile nomlandeli weTaneyev, angakwazi ukuncintisana naye mayelana nekhono le-polyphonic. Echaza uGlazunov "njengomelana naye omkhulu waseRussia, omi endaweni esukela ekhulwini lesi-XNUMX kuya kwele-XNUMX," u-Asafiev ubona ingqikithi "yokubuka umhlaba komculo" ekuthandeni kwakhe ukubhala okuningi. Izinga eliphezulu lokugcwaliswa kwendwangu yomculo nge-polyphony linikeza ukugeleza okukhethekile kokugeleza, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo i-viscosity ethile nokungasebenzi. Njengoba uGlazunov ngokwakhe ekhumbula, lapho ebuzwa mayelana nokushiyeka kwendlela yakhe yokubhala, uTchaikovsky waphendula ngamafuphi: "Ubude obuthile nokuntuleka kokumisa isikhashana." Imininingwane ethathwe ngokufanelekile ngu-Tchaikovsky ithola incazelo ebalulekile eyisisekelo kulo mongo: ukugeleza okuqhubekayo kwendwangu yomculo kuholela ekubeni buthaka kokugqama futhi kusithe imigqa phakathi kwezakhiwo ezihlukahlukene zetimu.

Esinye sezici zomculo kaGlazunov, ngezinye izikhathi okwenza kube nzima ukuwuqonda, uKaratygin wayebheka "ukusikisela" kwawo okuphansi kakhulu noma, njengoba umgxeki echaza, "ukusebenzisa igama likaTolstoy, ikhono elilinganiselwe likaGlazunov 'lokuthelela' isilaleli amazwi 'aphathekayo' obuciko bakhe." Umuzwa we-lyrical womuntu siqu awuthululwa emculweni kaGlazunov ngobudlova nangokuqondile njengokuthi, isibonelo, ku-Tchaikovsky noma i-Rachmaninoff. Futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo, umuntu akakwazi neze ukuvumelana noKaratygin ukuthi imizwa yombhali “ihlala ichithwe ugqinsi olukhulu lwesu elihlanzekile.” Umculo kaGlazunov awuyona into engavamile emfudumeni nobuqotho, ephula izikhali ze-polyphonic plexuses eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi ehlakaniphile, kodwa amazwi akhe agcina izici zokuzithiba okumsulwa, ukucaca nokuthula okucabangelayo okutholakala kuwo wonke umfanekiso wokudala womqambi. Ingoma yayo, engenawo amazwi ahlabayo ahlabayo, ihlukaniswa ngobuhle bepulasitiki nokuzungeza, ukulingana nokuthunyelwa okungasheshi.

Into yokuqala ephakamayo lapho ulalele umculo we-Glazunov umuzwa wobuningi obumbozayo, ukujula nokucebile komsindo, futhi yilapho kuphela lapho amandla okulandela ukuthuthukiswa okuvamile kwendwangu eyinkimbinkimbi ye-polyphonic kanye nazo zonke izinguquko ezihlukahlukene ezihlokweni eziyinhloko zivela. . Akuyona indima yokugcina kulokhu edlalwa ulimi olumibalabala lwe-harmonic kanye ne-orchestra ye-Glazunov egcwele umsindo ogcwele. Ukucabanga kwe-orchestral-harmonic yomqambi, eyakhiwa ngaphansi kwethonya labo bobabili abanduleli bakhe abaseduze baseRussia (ikakhulukazi uBorodin noRimsky-Korsakov), kanye nombhali we-Der Ring des Nibelungen, nabo banezici ezithile. Engxoxweni yakhe ethi "Umhlahlandlela Wokushaywa Kwezinsimbi," uRimsky-Korsakov wake wathi: "I-orchestration yami isobala futhi ingokomfanekiso ka-Alexander Konstantinovich, kodwa ngakolunye uhlangothi, cishe azikho izibonelo" ze-symphonic tutti ehlakaniphile, ” kuyilapho uGlazunov enezibonelo ezinjalo neziwusizo. njengoba uthanda, ngoba, ngokuvamile, i-orchestration yakhe iminyene futhi ikhanya kuneyami.

I-orchestra kaGlazunov ayicwayizi futhi icwebezele, icwebezela ngemibala ehlukahlukene, njengeye-Korsakov: ubuhle bayo obukhethekile bulingana nokuhamba kancane kwezinguquko, okudala umbono wokunyakaziswa okubushelelezi komsindo omkhulu, ohlangene. Umqambi akazange alwele kakhulu ukuhlukanisa nokuphikiswa kwezinsimbi zezinsimbi, kodwa ukuhlanganiswa kwazo, ukucabanga ngezingqimba ezinkulu ze-orchestra, ukuqhathanisa okufana nokushintsha nokushintshaniswa kwamarejista lapho kudlalwa isitho.

Ngayo yonke imithombo ehlukahlukene yesitayela, umsebenzi we-Glazunov uyinto ebaluleke kakhulu futhi ephilayo. Naphezu kwezici zayo ezingokwemvelo zokuhlukaniswa kwezemfundo okwaziwayo kanye nokuhlukaniswa nezinkinga zangempela zesikhathi sayo, iyakwazi ukuhlaba umxhwele ngamandla ayo angaphakathi, ithemba elijabulisayo kanye nokunotha kwemibala, ingasaphathwa ikhono elikhulu kanye nokucatshangelwa ngokucophelela kwayo yonke imikhakha. imininingwane.

Umqambi akafikanga kulobu bunye nokuphelela kwesitayela ngokushesha. Iminyaka eyishumi emva kwe-Symphony Yokuqala yayiyinkathi yakhe yokuzihlola nokuzikhandla, ezulazula phakathi kwemisebenzi nemigomo ehlukahlukene eyamkhanga ngaphandle kokusekelwa okuthile okuqinile, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ukukhohlisa nokuhluleka okusobala. Kuphela phakathi neminyaka yama-90s wakwazi ukunqoba izilingo nezilingo ezaholela ekuzilibaziseni okweqile kohlangothi olulodwa futhi wangena emgwaqeni obanzi womsebenzi wokudala ozimele. Isikhathi esifushane kakhulu seminyaka eyishumi kuya kweyishumi nambili ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-1905 nele-1906 kwakuyinkathi ye-Glazunov yokuqhakaza kwezimbali okuphezulu kakhulu, lapho iningi lemisebenzi yakhe engcono kakhulu, evuthiwe futhi ephawulekayo yadalwa. Phakathi kwawo kukhona ama-symphonies amahlanu (kusukela kwelesine kuye kwelesishiyagalombili lihlanganisa), iquartet yesine neyesihlanu, i-Violin Concerto, womabili ama-piano sonatas, womathathu ama-ballet kanye nenani labanye. Cishe ngemva kuka-XNUMX-XNUMX, ukwehla okuphawulekayo komsebenzi wokudala kungena, okukhule kancane kancane kwaze kwaba sekupheleni kokuphila komqambi. Ngokwengxenye, ukwehla okunjalo okungazelelwe kokukhiqiza kungachazwa yizimo zangaphandle futhi, ngaphezu kwakho konke, ngomsebenzi omkhulu, odla isikhathi wezemfundo, wenhlangano nowokuphatha owawela emahlombe kaGlazunov mayelana nokukhethwa kwakhe esikhundleni sika umqondisi we-St. Petersburg Conservatory. Kepha bekunezizathu zokuhleleka kwangaphakathi, okugxilwe ekwenqatshweni okubukhali kwalawo mathrendi akamuva ayezisholo ngokuzimisela nangokungahloniphi emsebenzini nasempilweni yomculo yasekuqaleni kwekhulu lesi-XNUMX, futhi ngokwengxenye, mhlawumbe, ngezisusa ezithile zomuntu siqu eziye. akukacaciswa ngokugcwele. .

Ngokumelene nesizinda sokuthuthukisa izinqubo zobuciko, izikhundla zikaGlazunov zithole umlingiswa okhulayo ngokwemfundo nokuvikela. Cishe wonke umculo waseYurophu wesikhathi se-post-Wagnerian wenqatshwa nguye ngokuphelele: emsebenzini kaRichard Strauss, akatholanga lutho ngaphandle kokuthi "i-cacophony enengekayo", ama-French Impressionists ayengabafokazi futhi engathandeki kuye. Kwabaqambi baseRussia, uGlazunov wayenozwela ngezinga elithile ku-Scriabin, owamukelwa ngemfudumalo embuthanweni waseBelyaev, wancoma i-Fourth Sonata, kodwa akabange esakwazi ukwamukela inkondlo ye-Ecstasy, eyayinomphumela "ocindezelayo". Ngisho noRimsky-Korsakov wasolwa nguGlazunov ngokuthi emibhalweni yakhe "ngezinga elithile wasikhokhela isikhathi sakhe." Futhi okungamukeleki neze kuGlazunov kwakuyikho konke okwenziwa u-Stravinsky osemncane no-Prokofiev, ingasaphathwa eyezitayela zomculo zakamuva zama-20s.

Isimo sengqondo esinjalo ngakho konke okusha sasibophezelekile ukunikeza uGlazunov umuzwa wesizungu sokudala, ongazange abe neqhaza ekudaleni isimo esihle somsebenzi wakhe njengomqambi. Ekugcineni, kungenzeka ukuthi ngemva kweminyaka eminingana "yokuzidela" okukhulu kangaka emsebenzini kaGlazunov, akakwazanga ukuthola enye into angasho ngaphandle kokucula kabusha. Ngaphansi kwalezi zimo, umsebenzi endaweni yokugcinwa kwemvelo wakwazi, ngokwezinga elithile, ukwenza buthaka futhi bushelelezi lowo muzwa wokungabi nalutho, owawungeke uvele ngenxa yokwehla okukhulu kangaka kokukhiqiza. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kungenzeka, kusukela ngo-1905, ezincwadini zakhe, izikhalazo zihlale zizwakala ngobunzima bokuqamba, ukuntuleka kwemicabango emisha, "ukungabaza okuvamile" ngisho nokungafuni ukubhala umculo.

Ephendula incwadi evela ku-Rimsky-Korsakov engakafinyeleli kithi, ngokusobala egxeka umfundi wakhe othandekayo ngokungenzi lutho kwakhe kokudala, uGlazunov wabhala ngoNovemba 1905: Wena, muntu wami othandekayo, enginomhawu ngenqaba yamandla, futhi, ekugcineni, Ngigcina kuphela iminyaka engu-80 ... nginomuzwa wokuthi ngokuhamba kweminyaka ngiya ngokuya ngingafaneleki ukusiza abantu noma imibono. Lokhu kuvuma okubuhlungu kwabonisa imiphumela yokugula okude kukaGlazunov nakho konke abhekana nakho mayelana nezenzakalo ze-60. Kodwa noma kunjalo, lapho ubukhali balezi zenzakalo buba buthuntu, akazange azizwe enesidingo esiphuthumayo sokudala umculo. Njengomqambi, uGlazunov wayeziveze ngokugcwele eneminyaka engamashumi amane, futhi konke akubhala eminyakeni engamashumi amathathu esele kunezela kancane kulokho akudala ngaphambili. Embikweni we-Glazunov, ofundwe ku-40, u-Ossovsky waphawula "ukwehla kwamandla okudala" womqambi kusukela ngo-1905, kodwa empeleni lokhu kwehla kufika eminyakeni eyishumi ngaphambili. Uhlu lwezingoma zoqobo zikaGlazunov kusukela ekupheleni kwe-Eighth Symphony (1949-1917) kuya ekwindla ka-1905 lukhawulelwe kumaphuzu we-orchestra ayishumi nambili, ikakhulukazi asesimweni esincane. (Sebenzisa i-Ninth Symphony, eyaqanjwa ngo-1904, enegama elifanayo nelesishiyagalombili, ayizange ithuthuke ngaphezu komdwebo womnyakazo wokuqala.), nomculo wemidlalo emibili emangalisayo - "Inkosi YamaJuda" kanye "noMasquerade". Amakhonsathi amabili epiyano, ango-1911 no-1917, awukuqaliswa kwemibono yangaphambili.

Ngemva kweNguquko ka-Okthoba, uGlazunov wahlala njengomqondisi wePetrograd-Leningrad Conservatory, wabamba iqhaza elikhulu ezenzakalweni ezihlukahlukene zomculo nezemfundo, futhi waqhubeka nemidlalo yakhe njengomqhubi. Kodwa ukungezwani kwakhe nezitayela ezintsha emkhakheni wokuqanjwa komculo kwajula futhi kwathatha amafomu ashubile kakhulu. Amathrendi amasha ahlangane nokuzwelana nokusekelwa phakathi kwengxenye ye-conservatory professorship, eyayifuna izinguquko enqubweni yemfundo kanye nokuvuselelwa kwe-repertoire abafundi abasha abakhuliswe ngayo. Kulokhu, kwavela izingxabano nokungavumelani, ngenxa yalokho isikhundla sikaGlazunov, owaqapha ngokuqinile ukuhlanzeka nokungaphulwa kwezisekelo zendabuko zesikole saseRimsky-Korsakov, saba nzima nakakhulu futhi ngokuvamile engaqondakali.

Lokhu kwakungesinye sezizathu zokuthi kungani, ngemva kokuhamba eVienna ngo-1928 njengelungu lejaji le-International Competition ehlelwe iminyaka eyikhulu yokufa kukaSchubert, akazange abuyele ezweni lakubo. Ukuhlukaniswa nemvelo ejwayelekile nabangane bakudala uGlazunov babhekana nobunzima. Naphezu kwesimo sengqondo sokuhlonipha abaculi abakhulu bangaphandle kuye, umuzwa wesizungu somuntu siqu nesokudala awuzange ushiye umqambi ogulayo futhi osemusha, owaphoqeleka ukuba aphile impilo ematasa futhi ekhandlayo njengomqhubi wokuvakasha. Kwamanye amazwe, uGlazunov wabhala imisebenzi eminingana, kodwa ayizange imlethele ukwaneliseka okukhulu. Isimo sakhe sengqondo eminyakeni yokugcina yokuphila kwakhe singabonakala ngemigqa evela encwadini eya ku-MO Steinberg yangomhla zingama-26 kuMbasa, 1929: “Njengoba uPoltava esho ngoKochubey, nami nganginamagugu amathathu – ubuhlakani, ukuxhumana nesikhungo sami engisithandayo kanye nekhonsathi. ukusebenza. Kukhona okungahambi kahle kweyangaphambili, futhi intshisekelo kule misebenzi yakamuva iyaphola, mhlawumbe ngokwengxenye ngenxa yokubukeka kwayo sekwephuzile ekuphrintiwe. Igunya lami njengomculi nalo lehle kakhulu ... Lisekhona ithemba le-“colporterism” (Kusuka kuma-colporter aseFrance – ukusabalalisa, ukusabalalisa. UGlazunov usho amazwi kaGlinka, engxoxweni yakhe noMeyerbeer: “Angithandi ukusabalalisa. izingoma zami”) zomculo wami nowomunye umuntu, engagcina kuwo amandla namandla ami okusebenza. Yilapho engiqede khona.”

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Umsebenzi kaGlazunov sekuyisikhathi eside waziwa emhlabeni wonke futhi usuyingxenye ebalulekile yefa lomculo we-Russian classical. Uma imisebenzi yakhe ingashaqisi isilaleli, ingathinti ukujula kwangaphakathi kwempilo engokomoya, khona-ke bayakwazi ukuletha injabulo yobuhle futhi bajabule ngamandla abo ayisisekelo nobuqotho bangaphakathi, kuhlanganiswe nokucaca okuhlakaniphile komcabango, ukuvumelana nokuphelela komfanekiso. Umqambi webhendi "yesikhashana", ephakathi kwezinkathi ezimbili zomculo waseRussia ogqamile, wayengeyena umsunguli, umtholi wezindlela ezintsha. Kodwa ikhono elikhulu, eliphelele kakhulu, elinethalente lemvelo elikhanyayo, ingcebo nokuphana kokusungulwa kokudala, kwamvumela ukuba enze imisebenzi eminingi enenani eliphakeme lobuciko, engakalahlekelwa isithakazelo esithakazelisayo. Njengothisha kanye nomphakathi, uGlazunov waba nesandla kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni nasekuqiniseni izisekelo zesiko lomculo laseRussia. Konke lokhu kunquma ukubaluleka kwakhe njengomunye wezibalo ezimaphakathi zesiko lomculo laseRussia ekuqaleni kwekhulu lesi-XNUMX.

Yu. Woza