I-Alto saxophone: incazelo yensimbi, ukwakheka, umsindo, umlando, abadlali

Kusihlwa ehlobo, uncoma ukushona kwelanga kolwandle, noma ohambweni olude olusuka eMoscow luya eSt. Petersburg, uzithola ucabanga ukuthi umculo ozwakala kamnandi nowothando uyisa imicabango yakho ezindaweni lapho kungekho khona ukukhathazeka nobuhlungu bengqondo. I-saxophone kuphela ezwakala ngokusuka enhliziyweni - insimbi yomculo edambisa ukuhlupheka, iholela phambili, ithembisa injabulo nothando, iprofetha inhlanhla.

Uhlolojikelele

I-saxophone inomndeni obanzi, okungukuthi, kunezinhlobo eziningi zalesi sisetshenziswa somoya, ezihlukile ngephimbo kanye ne-tonality. Namuhla, izinhlobo eziyisi-6 zibhekwa njengezivame kakhulu:

• I-sopranino ikhophi encane ye-soprano enkulu, efana nomsindo ne-clarinet.
• I-saxophone ye-soprano enomumo ogobile nemisindo enanela izwi le-soprano.
• I-alto saxophone iyinsimbi yokuqala ethandwa kakhulu enomsindo ofana nezwi lomuntu, ekhuluma ngokusuka enhliziyweni ngokudabuka, injabulo, nethemba.
• I-tenor saxophone iyinsimbi yosayizi omkhulu, ngenxa yomsindo onemibala ethole ukuduma kwe-jazz.
• I-Baritone saxophone - yenza amavesi omculo we-virtuoso.
• I-Bass saxophone - eqashelwa njengengcweti ekukhaleni umsindo kumarejista aphansi, lokhu kunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwensimbi kuma-orchestrations.

U-Adolf Sachs ekuqaleni wadala izinhlobo eziyishumi nane zensimbi, kodwa namuhla akuzona zonke ezihlobisa izimpilo zethu ngephalethi ebanzi kakhulu yemisindo.

Idivayisi yethuluzi

Naphezu kobukhulu bayo obuncane, i-alto saxophone ithandwa ngabaculi abacula izingoma zasendulo neze-jazz.

I-Alt inesakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi. Ngezingxenye ezenziwe ngokwehlukana, izingcweti zihlanganisa insimbi eyenza imisindo emangalisayo ephazamisa inhliziyo.

Ipayipi ngendlela ye-cone, ikhula ohlangothini olulodwa - umzimba we-saxophone nge-valve-lever mechanism - kusukela kude ibonakala njengemfanelo yomuntu obhemayo we-esthete. Engxenyeni enwetshiwe, umzimba udlulela ensimbi, futhi engxenyeni encane, ngosizo lwe-esca, ihlanganiswe nomlomo, obhekene nekhwalithi yomsindo futhi ifana nesakhiwo somlomo we-clarinet. Irabha, i-ebonite, i-plexiglass noma i-alloy yezinsimbi isetshenziselwa ukwenziwa kwayo.

Isici se-saxophone esikhiqiza umsindo sibizwa ngokuthi umhlanga. Ngosizo lwe-ligature - ikhola encane, umhlanga unamathele emlonyeni. Namuhla, le ngxenye ngokuvamile yenziwe ngezinto zokwenziwa, kodwa ngokufanelekile, izinkuni kufanele zisetshenziswe. Umhlanga wenziwa ngomhlanga osuka eningizimu yeFrance.

Umlando we-saxophone nomdali wayo

Ngo-2022, kuzobe kuyiminyaka eyi-180 kusukela umpetha womculo waseBelgium u-Antoine-Joseph Sachs (Adolf Sax) edale insimbi yeqembu lezempi. Ngokunembayo, kwadalwa izinhlobo zomculo eziyi-14, ezihlukile ngosayizi nomsindo. I-alto saxophone idume kakhulu kulo mndeni.

Lezi zinsimbi zomculo zazinobunzima obuningi: zavinjelwa eJalimane ngenxa yokuntuleka kwemvelaphi yama-Aryan, futhi ama-saxophones ase-USSR ayebhekwa njengento yesiko lesitha semibono, futhi avinjelwa.

Kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, yonke into yashintsha, futhi manje minyaka yonke ama-saxophonists avela emhlabeni wonke ahlangana eDinant ukuze abonise imigwaqo emigwaqweni ye-promenade nakusihlwa, ekhanyiswa ukukhanya kwethoshi, ngaleyo ndlela ekhokha intela kumdali wensimbi yomculo.

Edolobheni laseDenau, indawo okwazalelwa kuyo iSax, kwakhiwa isikhumbuzo senkosi enkulu, futhi izithombe ze-saxophone zingatholakala ezindaweni zokudlela, imigoqo kanye nezindawo zokudlela ezinhle emhlabeni jikelele.

Izwakala kanjani i-alto saxophone?

Imisindo eyenziwa i-viola ayihambisani ngaso sonke isikhathi nephimbo lamanothi anikezwe amaphuzu. Lokhu kuchazwa yiqiniso lokuthi uhla lomsindo we-saxophone luhlanganisa ama-octave angaphezu kwamabili futhi luhlukaniswe ngamarejista. Ukukhethwa kwamarejista aphezulu, aphakathi naphansi kuyala ucezu lomculo oludlalwayo.

Ububanzi bevolumu yobubanzi bemisindo yerejista ephezulu budala umuzwa wokushuba. Imisindo eklabalasayo enezwi eliphansi izwakala kuphela ngesipika. Kodwa ukuvumelana kwemisindo kudala umbono ongenakulibaleka wocezu lomculo. Imvamisa lokhu kuwukudlalwa uwedwa kwezingoma ze-jazz. I-Alto saxophone ayivamile ukusetshenziswa kuma-orchestra.

Abadlali Abadumile

Miningi imiqhudelwano yomculo we-jazz yama-saxophonists emhlabeni jikelele. Kodwa eyinhloko ibanjelwe eBelgium edolobheni laseDenau. Ochwepheshe balinganisa nomncintiswano weTchaikovsky.

Abaphumelele kule mincintiswano kwakungabadlali abafana: Charlie Parker, Kenny Garrett, Jimmy Dorsey, Johnny Hodges, Eric Dolphy, David Sanborn, Anthony Braxton, Phil Woods, John Zorn, Paul Desmond. Phakathi kwabo kukhona amagama saxophonists Russian: Sergei Kolesov, Georgy Garanyan, Igor Butman nabanye.

Njengommeleli ogqamile wezinsimbi zomculo we-jazz, i-saxophone izohlala isendaweni evelele. Uyakwazi ukubhekana nemisebenzi yakudala njengengxenye ye-orchestra futhi amboze inkungu yothando kanye nemizwa yezivakashi ze-cafe. Yonke indawo imisindo yayo emnandi izoletha injabulo yobuhle kubantu.