Cornet: incazelo insimbi, ukwakheka, umsindo, umlando, ukusetshenziswa

Ziningi izinsimbi zethusi emhlabeni. Ngokufana kwabo kwangaphandle, ngayinye inezici zayo nomsindo. Mayelana nomunye wabo - kulesi sihloko.

Uhlolojikelele

I-Cornet (ehunyushwe kusukela kwelesiFulentshi "i-cornet a pistons" - "uphondo olunama-pistons"; kusukela ku-Italian "cornetto" - "uphondo") iyinsimbi yomculo yeqembu lethusi, elifakwe umshini we-piston. Ngaphandle, kubukeka njengepayipi, kodwa umehluko wukuthi i-cornet inepayipi elibanzi.

Ngokuhlelwa, kuyingxenye yeqembu lama-aerophone: umthombo womsindo ikholomu yomoya. Umculi uvuthela umoya emlonyeni, onqwabelana emzimbeni ozwakalayo futhi ukhiqize amaza omsindo.

Amanothi ekhonethi abhalwe ku-treble clef; kumaphuzu, umugqa wekhonethi uvame ukutholakala ngaphansi kwezingxenye zecilongo. Isetshenziswa kokubili solo futhi njengengxenye umoya kanye symphony orchestras.

Umlando wesenzeko

Izandulela zensimbi yethusi kwakuyizimpondo zokhuni nekhonethi yokhuni. Uphondo endulo lwalusetshenziselwa ukunikeza abazingeli namaposi izimpawu. NgeNkathi Ephakathi, kwavela ikhonethi yokhuni, eyayidumile emiqhudelwaneni yama-knights kanye nazo zonke izinhlobo zemicimbi yedolobha. Yayisetshenziswa iyodwa ngumqambi omkhulu wase-Italy uClaudio Monteverdi.

Ekupheleni kwekhulu le-18, ikhonethi yokhuni yalahlekelwa ukuthandwa kwayo. Ngama-30s wekhulu le-19, uSigismund Stölzel waklama i-cornet-a-piston yesimanje enomshini wepiston. Kamuva, i-cornetist edumile uJean-Baptiste Arban waba negalelo elikhulu ekusabalaliseni nasekukhuthazeni ithuluzi emhlabeni wonke. Ama-conservatories aseFrance aqala ukuvula amakilasi amaningi okudlala ikhonethi, izinsimbi, kanye necilongo, zaqala ukwethulwa kuma-orchestra ahlukahlukene.

I-cornet yafika eRussia ngekhulu le-19. I-Tsar Nicholas I enkulu, ngobuhle babadlali abakhulu, yakwazi ukudlala ngezinsimbi ezihlukahlukene zomoya, phakathi kwazo kwakukhona ikhonethi yethusi-a-piston.

Idivayisi yethuluzi

Ekhuluma ngokuklama nokwakheka kwensimbi, kufanele kushiwo ukuthi ngaphandle kufana kakhulu nepayipi, kodwa inesilinganiso esibanzi futhi esingeside kakhulu, ngenxa yokuthi inomsindo ophansi.

Ku-cornet, kokubili umshini we-valve nama-piston angasetshenziswa. Amathuluzi asebenza ngamavalvu ajwayeleke kakhulu ngenxa yokusebenziseka kalula nokuthembeka kokushuna ukuzinza.

Uhlelo lwe-piston lwenziwa ngendlela yezinkinobho-izinkinobho ezitholakala phezulu, ngokuhambisana nomlomo. Ubude bomzimba ngaphandle komlomo buyi-295-320 mm. Kwamanye amasampuli, kufakwa umqhele okhethekile ukuze kwakhiwe kabusha insimbi ibe yisemitone ephansi, okungukuthi ukusuka ekushuneni okungu-B kuye ku-A, okuvumela umculi ukuthi adlale ngokushesha futhi kalula izingxenye ngokhiye abacijile.

ukuzwakala

Ububanzi bomsindo wangempela wekhonethi bukhulu impela - cishe ama-octave amathathu: kusukela kunothi mi ye-octave encane kuya kunothi kuze kufike ku-octave yesithathu. Lo bubanzi bunikeza umenzi inkululeko eyengeziwe ezicini zokuthuthukisa.

Ekhuluma ngezinsimbi zomculo, kufanele kushiwo ukuthi ububele nomsindo we-velvety ukhona kuphela kurejista ye-octave yokuqala. Amanothi angaphansi kwe-octave yokuqala azwakala edumele futhi ethusayo. I-octave yesibili ibonakala inomsindo kakhulu futhi inomsindo obukhali.

Abaqambi abaningi basebenzisa lawa mathuba okufaka umbala komsindo emisebenzini yabo, beveza imizwa nemizwa yomugqa womculo ngokusebenzisa i-timbre ye-cornet-a-piston. Ngokwesibonelo, uBerlioz ku-symphony ethi “Harold in Italy” wasebenzisa izinsimbi ezesabekayo ezesabekayo.

Ukusebenzisa

Ngenxa yokushelela, ukuhamba, ubuhle bomsindo, imigqa eyedwa ezingoma eziyinhloko zomculo zanikezelwa kumakhonethi. Emculweni waseRussia, insimbi yasetshenziswa kumdanso we-Neapolitan ku-ballet edumile ethi "Swan Lake" kaPyotr Tchaikovsky kanye nomdanso we-ballerina emdlalweni othi "Petrushka" ka-Igor Stravinsky.

I-cornet-a-piston yanqoba nabaculi be-jazz ensembles. Abanye abadumile emhlabeni wonke be-cornet jazz virtuosos kwakunguLouis Armstrong kanye neNkosi Oliver.

Ekhulwini lama-20, lapho icilongo lithuthukiswa, amakhonethi alahlekelwa ukubaluleka kwawo okuyingqayizivele futhi acishe ashiya ngokuphelele ukwakheka kwama-orchestra namaqembu e-jazz.

Ezimweni zamanje, amakhonsathi angazwakala ngezikhathi ezithile kumakhonsathi, ngezinye izikhathi ngamabhendi ethusi. Futhi i-cornet-a-piston nayo isetshenziswa njengensiza yokufundisa yabafundi.