Rudolf Kempe (Rudolf Kempe) |

Rudolf Kempe

Akukho okumangazayo noma okungalindelekile emsebenzini wokudala kaRudolf Kempe. Kancane kancane, unyaka nonyaka, ethola izikhundla ezintsha, lapho eneminyaka engamashumi amahlanu wathuthela ezinhlwini zabaqhubi abahamba phambili baseYurophu. Impumelelo yakhe yobuciko isekelwe olwazini oluqinile lwe-orchestra, futhi akumangazi, ngoba umqhubi ngokwakhe, njengoba besho, “wakhulela kuyi-orchestra.” Kakade esemncane, wayefunda amakilasi esikoleni se-orchestra eSaxon State Chapel endaweni yangakubo eDresden, lapho othisha bakhe babengabaculi abadumile bedolobha - umqhubi uK. Strigler, umshayi wopiyano u-W. Bachmann kanye no-oboist I. König. Kwakuyi-oboe eyaba insimbi eyintandokazi yomqhubi wesikhathi esizayo, osevele eneminyaka eyishumi nesishiyagalombili edlala ikhonsoli yokuqala ku-orchestra ye-Dortmund Opera, bese kuba yi-orchestra edumile ye-Gewandhaus (1929-1933).

Kodwa kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uthando lwe-oboe lwalulukhulu kangakanani, umculi osemusha wayefisa ukwenza okwengeziwe. Ujoyine i-Dresden Opera njengomsizi ka-conductor futhi waqala ukubonakala lapho ngo-1936, eqhuba ingoma kaLortzing ethi The Poacher. Kwabe sekulandela iminyaka yokusebenza eChemnitz (1942-1947), lapho uKempe esuka kumculi wekwaya waya kumqhubi omkhulu weshashalazi, wabe eseya e-Weimar, lapho amenywa khona ngumqondisi womculo weNational Theatre (1948), futhi ekugcineni, kwelinye. yamathiyetha amadala kakhulu eJalimane - Dresden Opera (1949-1951). Ukubuyela edolobheni lakubo nokusebenza lapho kwaba yisikhathi esiwujuqu emsebenzini womdwebi. Lo mculi osemncane ubonakale ekufanelekela ukulawulwa kude, ngemuva kwalokho bekukhona uSchuh, Bush, Boehm ...

Kusukela kulesi sikhathi kuqala udumo lwamazwe ngamazwe lwe-Kempe. Ngo-1950, uvakashela eVienna okokuqala, futhi ngonyaka olandelayo uba yinhloko ye-Bavarian National Opera eMunich, ethatha indawo ka-G. Solti kulokhu okuthunyelwe. Kodwa ngaphezu kwakho konke i-Kempe yakhangwa ukuvakasha. Wayengumqhubi wokuqala waseJalimane owafika e-USA ngemva kwempi: I-Kempe yenza i-Arabella ne-Tannhäuser lapho; wenza kahle kakhulu enkundleni yemidlalo yaseshashalazini yaseLondon ethi “Covent Garden” “Ring of the Nibelung”; E-Salzburg wamenywa ukuba azodlala iPalestrina kaPfitzner. Khona-ke impumelelo ilandela impumelelo. I-Kempe ivakashela i-Edinburgh Festivals, ijwayele ukucula e-West Berlin Philharmonic, emsakazweni wase-Italy. Ngo-1560, wenza i-debut yakhe e-Bayreuth, wenza i- "Ring of the Nibelungen" futhi kamuva wenza izikhathi ezingaphezu kwesisodwa "edolobheni laseWagner". Umbhidisi uphinde wahola iLondon Royal Philharmonic kanye neZurich Orchestras. Akanqamuli ukuxhumana ne-Dresden Chapel futhi.

Manje cishe alikho izwe eNtshonalanga Yurophu, eNyakatho naseNingizimu Melika, lapho uRudolf Kempe engeke aqhube khona. Igama lakhe laziwa kakhulu ukuqopha abathandi.

“I-Kempe isibonisa ukuthi kusho ukuthini ukufaneleka komqhubi,” kubhala omunye umgxeki waseJalimane. “Ngokuqondisa kwensimbi, usebenza ngokulandela amaphuzu ukuze azuze ukuqonda okuphelele kwezinto zobuciko, okumvumela ukuba aqophe kalula ifomu ngokukhululeka ngaphandle kokweqa imingcele yomsebenzi wobuciko. Yiqiniso, lokhu kwakungelula, njengoba efunda i-opera ngemva kwe-opera, isiqephu ngemva kwesiqephu, hhayi nje ngokombono womqhubi, kodwa futhi ngokombono wokuqukethwe okungokomoya. Futhi kwenzeka ukuthi angabiza "yakhe" i-repertoire ebanzi kakhulu. Wenza i-Bach ngokuqaphela ngokugcwele amasiko awafunde e-Leipzig. Kodwa futhi uqhuba imisebenzi kaRichard Strauss ngokujabula nangokuzinikela, njengoba ayengakwenza eDresden, lapho ayenayo khona i-orchestra ehlakaniphile ye-Strauss yaseStaatskapelle. Kodwa futhi waqhuba imisebenzi kaTchaikovsky, noma, ukusho, abalobi besikhathi samanje, ngentshiseko nobuqotho, abadluliselwa kuye eLondon bevela ku-orchestra enesiyalo njengeRoyal Philharmonic. Umbhidisi omude, ozacile ujabulela ukunemba cishe okungaqondakali ekuhambeni kwakhe kwezandla; Akukhona kuphela ukuqonda kokuthinta kwakhe umzimba okumangalisayo, kodwa okokuqala, ukuthi uzigcwalisa kanjani lezi zindlela zobuchwepheshe ngokuqukethwe ukuze azuze imiphumela yobuciko. Kuyacaca ukuthi uzwela lwakhe ngokuyinhloko luphendukela emculweni wekhulu lesi-XNUMX - lapha angakwazi ukuhlanganisa ngokugcwele lawo mandla ahlaba umxhwele okwenza ukuhumusha kwakhe kuphawuleke kangaka.

L. Grigoriev, J. Platek, ngo-1969