Artur Rodzinsky |
Artur Rodziński
U-Artur Rodzinsky wayebizwa ngokuthi u-conductor-dictator. Esiteji, yonke into yayilalela intando yakhe engenakunqotshwa, futhi kuzo zonke izindaba zokudala wayengenakugwenywa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, uRodzinsky wayebhekwa njengenye yezingcweti ezihlakaniphile zokusebenza ne-orchestra, owazi ukudlulisela yonke inhloso yakhe kubadlali. Kwanele ukusho ukuthi lapho u-Toscanini ngo-1937 edala i-orchestra yakhe edumile kamuva ye-National Radio Corporation (NBC), wamema ngokukhethekile uRodzinsky ngomsebenzi wokulungiselela, futhi ngesikhathi esifushane wakwazi ukuguqula abaculi abangamashumi ayisishiyagalombili babe yiqembu elihle kakhulu.
Ikhono elinjalo lafika eRodzinsky kude ngokushesha. Lapho enza i-debut yakhe e-Lviv Opera Theatre ngo-1918, abaculi bahleka iziyalezo zakhe ezingenangqondo, ezifakazela ukungakwazi okuphelele komholi osemusha. Ngempela, ngaleso sikhathi uRodzinsky wayengenalo ulwazi okwamanje. Wafunda eVienna, okokuqala njengomdlali wepiyano no-E. Sauer, wabe eseba sekilasini eliqhuba i-Academy of Music no-F. Schalk, ngenkathi efundela ezomthetho enyuvesi. Lamakilasi aphazamiseka phakathi nempi: URodzinsky wayephambili futhi wabuyela eVienna ngemva kokulimala. Wamenywa eLvov ngumqondisi we-opera ngaleso sikhathi, uS. Nevyadomsky. Nakuba i-debut ayizange iphumelele, umqhubi osemusha washeshe wathola amakhono adingekayo futhi ezinyangeni ezimbalwa wazuza udumo ngokukhiqiza kwakhe kwe-opera ka-Carmen, u-Ernani no-Ruzhitsky ethi Eros no-Psyche.
Ngo-1921-1925, uRodzinsky wasebenza eWarsaw, eqhuba imidlalo ye-opera namakhonsathi e-symphony. Lapha, ngesikhathi sokudlalwa kwe-The Meistersingers, u-L. Stokowski wadonsela ukunaka kuye futhi wamema umculi onekhono ePhiladelphia njengomsizi wakhe. URodzinsky wayengumsizi kaStokovsky iminyaka emithathu futhi wafunda okuningi ngalesi sikhathi. Wabuye wathola amakhono awusizo ngokunikeza amakhonsathi azimele emadolobheni ahlukahlukene ase-US nokuqondisa i-orchestra yabafundi eyayihlelwe uStokowski eCurtis Institute. Konke lokhu kwasiza uRodzinsky ukuba abe umqhubi oyinhloko we-orchestra e-Los Angeles ngo-1929, futhi ngo-1933 eCleveland, lapho asebenza khona iminyaka eyishumi.
Lezi kwakuyizikhathi zempumelelo yethalente lika-conductor. Wavuselela ngokuphawulekayo ukwakheka kwe-orchestra futhi wayiphakamisa yafinyelela ezingeni lama-symphony ensembles angcono kakhulu ezweni. Ngaphansi kokuqondisa kwakhe, kokubili izingoma ze-classical eziyisikhumbuzo nomculo wesimanje wawudlalwa lapha minyaka yonke. Okubaluleke kakhulu kwaba "ukufundwa kwe-orchestra yemisebenzi yangaleso sikhathi" eyayihlelwe nguRodzinsky ekuzilolongeni phambi kwabaculi abagunyaziwe nabagxeki. Okuhamba phambili kwalezi zingoma kufakwe kuyi-repertoire yakhe yamanje. Lapha, eCleveland, ngokubamba iqhaza kwabacula yedwa abahamba phambili, wenza inqwaba yemikhiqizo ebalulekile yama-opera kaWagner noR. Strauss, kanye no-Shostakovich's Lady Macbeth waseMtsensk District.
Ngalesi sikhathi, uRodzinsky wadlala nezinsimbi ezihamba phambili zaseMelika naseYurophu, wavakashela eVienna, Warsaw, Prague, London, Paris (lapho enza khona amakhonsathi omculo wasePoland embukisweni Womhlaba), uMkhosi waseSalzburg. Echaza impumelelo yombhidisi, umgxeki waseMelika uD. Yuen wabhala: “URodzinsky wayenezimfanelo eziningi zomqhubi okhaliphile: ubuqotho nokukhuthala, ikhono elingavamile lokungena engqikithini yemisebenzi yomculo, amandla ashukumisayo namandla okunqanda, ikhono lobushiqela lokubusa. i-orchestra ngentando yakhe. Kodwa, mhlawumbe, izinzuzo zakhe eziyinhloko kwakungamandla akhe enhlangano kanye nekhono elivelele le-orchestra. Ulwazi oluhlakaniphile lwamakhono we-orchestra lwabonakaliswa ngokucacile ekuchazeni kukaRodzinsky imisebenzi kaRavel, Debussy, Scriabin, uStravinsky wakuqala ngemibala yabo ekhanyayo nombala we-orchestra ocashile, izigqi eziyinkimbinkimbi kanye nezakhiwo ezivumelanayo. Phakathi kwezimpumelelo ezinhle zomculi futhi ukuhunyushwa kwama-symphonies kaTchaikovsky, uBerlioz, uSibelius, osebenza nguWagner, R. Strauss noRimsky-Korsakov, kanye nenani labaqambi besikhathi samanje, ikakhulukazi uShostakovich, owayengumqhubi we-propagandist. . Ama-symphonies ase-Viennese ase-Rodzinsky aphumelele kancane.
Ekuqaleni kwawo-1942, u-Rodzinsky wathatha esinye sezikhundla ezihola phambili ku-conductor's elite wase-US. Iminyaka eminingana - kusukela ngo-1947 kuya ku-1948 - wahola i-New York Philharmonic Orchestra, wabe esehola i-Chicago Symphony Orchestra (kuze kube ngu-XNUMX). Eminyakeni eyishumi edlule yokuphila kwakhe, wasebenza njengomqondisi wokuvakasha, ehlala ikakhulukazi e-Italy.
L. Grigoriev, J. Platek
