Christoph Eschenbach |

UChristopher Eschenbach

Umqondisi Wezobuciko kanye Nomqeqeshi Oyinhloko we-Washington National Symphony Orchestra kanye ne-Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts, u-Christoph Eschenbach ungumhleli unomphela nama-orchestra adume kakhulu emhlabeni kanye nezindlu ze-opera. Umfundi kaGeorge Sell noHerbert von Karajan, u-Eschenbach uhole amaqoqo afana ne-Orchester de Paris (2000-2010), iPhiladelphia Symphony Orchestra (2003-2008), iNorth German Radio Symphony Orchestra (1994-2004), iHouston Symphony I-Orchestra (1988) -1999), i-Tonhalle Orchestra; wayengumqondisi wezobuciko wemikhosi yomculo e-Ravinia naseSchleswig-Holstein.

Isizini ka-2016/17 iyisizini yesikhombisa neyokugcina ye-maestro e-NSO nase-Kennedy Center. Ngalesi sikhathi, i-orchestra ngaphansi kobuholi bakhe yenza izinkambo ezintathu ezinkulu, ezaba yimpumelelo enkulu: ngo-2012 - eNingizimu naseNyakatho Melika; ngo-2013 - eYurophu nase-Oman; ngo-2016 - futhi eYurophu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uChristoph Eschenbach neqembu le-orchestra njalo bacula eCarnegie Hall. Imicimbi yale sizini ihlanganisa ukuboniswa kokuqala kwe-U.Marsalis Violin Concerto e-US East Coast, umsebenzi ojutshwe yi-NSO, kanye nekhonsathi yokugcina yohlelo lwe-Exploring Mahler.

Ukuzibandakanya kwamanje kuka-Christoph Eschenbach kufaka phakathi ukukhiqizwa okusha kwe-opera ka-B. Britten ethi The Turn of the Screw at Milan's La Scala, ukudlala njengombhidisi oyisivakashi ne-Orchester de Paris, i-National Orchestra yase-Spain, i-Seoul ne-London Philharmonic Orchestras, i-Philharmonic Orchestra weRadio Netherlands, iNational Orchestra yaseFrance, iRoyal Philharmonic Orchestra yaseStockholm.

U-Kristof Eschenbach une-discography ebanzi njengomdlali wopiyano nombhidisi, esebenzisana nezinkampani eziningi zokuqopha ezaziwayo. Phakathi kokurekhodiwe nge-NSO yi-albhamu ethi "Remembering John F. Kennedy" ka-Ondine. Kulebula efanayo, kwaqoshwa ne-Philadelphia Orchestra kanye ne-Orchester de Paris; ngeyakamuva i-albhamu iphinde yakhululwa kuDeutsche Grammophon; Umqhubi uqophe neLondon Philharmonic ku-EMI/LPO Live, neLondon Symphony ku-DG/BM, iVienna Philharmonic ku-Decca, iNorth German Radio Symphony kanye neHouston Symphony ku-Koch.

Imisebenzi eminingi ye-maestro emkhakheni wokuqoshwa komsindo ithole inani lemiklomelo ehlonishwayo, kuhlanganise ne-Grammy ngo-2014; ukuqokwa “Idiski Lenyanga” ngokukamagazini we-BBC, “Ukukhetha Komhleli” ngokukamagazini i-Gramophon, kanye nendondo evela ku-German Association of Music Critics. Icwecwe lezingoma zika-Kaia Saariaho ne-Orchestra de Paris kanye ne-soprano u-Karita Mattila ngo-2009 lawina umklomelo wejaji elichwepheshile lombukiso omkhulu womculo wase-Europe we-MIDEM (Marché International du Disque et de l'Edition Musicale). Ngaphezu kwalokho, u-Christoph Eschenbach uqophe umjikelezo ophelele wama-symphonies ka-H. Mahler ne-Orchestra de Paris, atholakala mahhala kuwebhusayithi yomculi.

Ukufaneleka kukaChristoph Eschenbach kumakwa ngemiklomelo ehlonishwayo neziqu emazweni amaningi omhlaba. U-Maestro – U-Chevalier We-Order of the Legion of Honor, Umkhuzi We-Order of Arts and Fine Letters of France, I-Grand Officer's Cross of the Order of Merit ye-Federal Republic of Germany kanye ne-National Order of the Federal Republic of Germany; owine uMklomelo we-L. Bernstein oklonyeliswe yi-Pacific Music Festival, umqondisi wakhe wezobuciko u-K. Eschenbach wayeneminyaka yama-90s. Ngo-2015 waklonyeliswa ngendondo ye-Ernst von Siemens, ebizwa ngokuthi “Umklomelo KaNobel” endimeni yomculo.

UMaestro unikela isikhathi esiningi ekufundiseni; njalo inikeza amakilasi ochwepheshe e-Manhattan School of Music, i-Kronberg Academy kanye nase-Schleswig-Holstein Festival, ngokuvamile isebenzisana ne-orchestra yentsha yomkhosi. Ekuziqeqesheni ne-NSO eWashington, i-Eschenbach ivumela abafundi abafunda nabo ukuthi babambe iqhaza ekuziqeqesheni ngokulinganayo nabaculi be-orchestra.

Phakathi neminyaka yokuqala yangemva kwempi eNtshonalanga Jalimane, kwaba nokuntenga okucacile kwezobuciko bopiyano. Ngenxa yezizathu eziningi (ifa lesikhathi esidlule, ukushiyeka kwemfundo yomculo, futhi nje kwaqondana), abadlali bopiyano baseJalimane cishe abazange bathathe izindawo eziphakeme emiqhudelwaneni yamazwe ngamazwe, abazange bangene esiteji esikhulu sekhonsathi. Yingakho nje kusukela kwaziwa ngokuvela komfana okhaliphile, amehlo abathandi bomculo agijimela kuye benethemba. Futhi, njengoba kwavela, hhayi ngeze.

Umbhidisi u-Eugen Jochum wamthola eneminyaka engu-10 ubudala, ngemva kokuba umfana efunde iminyaka emihlanu eqondiswa unina, umshayi wopiyano nomculi u-Vallidor Eschenbach. UJochum wamdlulisela kuthisha wase-Hamburg u-Elise Hansen. Ukukhuphuka okuqhubekayo kuka-Eschenbach kwakushesha, kodwa, ngenhlanhla, lokhu akuzange kuphazamise ukukhula kwakhe okuhlelekile kokudala futhi akuzange kumenze abe yingane ehlakaniphile. Lapho eneminyaka engu-11, waba ngowokuqala emqhudelwaneni wabaculi abasebasha owawuhlelwe yinkampani yakwaStenway eHamburg; lapho eneminyaka engu-13, wenza ngaphezu kohlelo eMqhudelwaneni Wamazwe Ngamazwe WaseMunich futhi wanikezwa umklomelo okhethekile; eneminyaka engu-19 wathola omunye umklomelo - emqhudelwaneni wabafundi bamanyuvesi omculo eJalimane. Sonke lesi sikhathi, u-Eschenbach waqhubeka nokufunda - okokuqala eHamburg, kwase kuba seCologne Higher School of Music kanye no-X. Schmidt, waphinde waya eHamburg no-E. Hansen, kodwa hhayi ngasese, kodwa eSikoleni Esiphakeme Somculo (1959-1964) ).

Ukuqala komsebenzi wakhe wobungcweti kwaletha u-Eschenbach imiklomelo emibili ephakeme enxephezele ukubekezela kwabantu bakubo - umklomelo wesibili eMqhudelwaneni Wamazwe Ngamazwe WaseMunich (1962) kanye Nomklomelo kaClara Haskil - okuwukuphela komklomelo womnqobi womncintiswano oqanjwe ngaye. Lucerne (1965).

Leyo kwakuyinhlokodolobha yokuqala yeciko - ihlaba umxhwele impela. Abalaleli bakhokhele udumo ngomculo wakhe, ukuzinikela kwezobuciko, ukuphelela kobuchwepheshe bomdlalo. Amadiskhi amabili okuqala ka-Eschenbach – aqanjwe nguMozart kanye “neTrout Quintet” kaSchubert (ene-“Kekkert Quartet”) amukelwe kahle abagxeki. “Labo abalalela ingoma yakhe kaMozart,” sifunda kumagazini othi “Music,” nakanjani baba nombono wokuthi kukhona umuntu ovela lapha, mhlawumbe obizwa kusukela ezikhathini eziphakeme zesikhathi sethu ukuze bathole kabusha imisebenzi yopiyano yenkosi enkulu. Asazi okwamanje ukuthi indlela yakhe ayikhethile izomholela kuphi - eBach, Beethoven noma Brahms, eSchumann, Ravel noma Bartok. Kodwa iqiniso liwukuthi akabonisi nje kuphela ukwamukela okungokomoya okungavamile (nakuba lokhu, mhlawumbe, okuzomnika kamuva ithuba lokuxhuma okuphambene ne-polar), kodwa futhi nengokomoya elishisekayo.

Ithalenta lomdlali wepiyano osemusha lasheshe lavuthwa futhi lakhiwa ngokushesha kakhulu: umuntu angaphikisana, ebhekisela emibonweni yochwepheshe abagunyaziwe, ukuthi kakade eminyakeni eyishumi nengxenye edlule ukubukeka kwakhe kwakungehluke kakhulu namuhla. Ingabe lokho ezihlukahlukene repertoire. Kancane kancane, zonke lezo zingqimba zezincwadi zopiyano “uMuzika” abhala ngazo zidonswa emzileni wokunaka komdlali wopiyano. I-Sonatas ka-Beethoven, uSchubert, uLiszt izwakala kakhulu kumakhonsathi akhe. Ukuqoshwa kwemidlalo kaBartók, imisebenzi yopiyano ka-Schumann, ama-quintets ka-Schumann no-Brahms, amakhonsathi ka-Beethoven nama-sonatas, ama-sonata ka-Haydn, futhi ekugcineni, iqoqo eliphelele le-sonatas ka-Mozart kumarekhodi ayisikhombisa, kanye nezingoma eziningi zopiyano zikaMozart, ezirekhodiwe kanye no-Schubert. ngaye nomshayi wopiyano, zidedelwa ngokulandelana. UJustus Franz. Emidlalweni yamakhonsathi nokuqoshiwe, iciko lihlala likufakazela kokubili umculo walo kanye nokushintshashintsha kwalo okukhulayo. Ukuhlola incazelo yakhe ye-sonata ka-Beethoven ye-Hammerklavier enzima kakhulu (Op. 106), ababuyekezi ikakhulukazi baqaphela ukwenqatshwa kwayo yonke into yangaphandle, yamasiko amukelekayo e-tempo, i-ritardando namanye amasu, “angekho kumanothi futhi abadlali bopiyano ngokwabo abavame ukuwasebenzisa ukuze baqinisekise impumelelo yabo emphakathini.” Umgxeki uX. Krelman ugcizelela, ekhuluma ngencazelo yakhe kaMozart, ukuthi “u-Eschenbach udlala umdlalo osekelwe esisekelweni esiqinile esingokomoya azenzele sona futhi esaba isisekelo somsebenzi ongathi sína nowomthwalo wemfanelo kuye.”

Kanye nezakudala, umculi ubuye ahehe umculo wesimanje, futhi abaqambi besimanje bahehwa ithalente lakhe. Abanye babo izingcweti ezivelele zaseNtshonalanga Jalimane u-G. Bialas no-H.-W. U-Henze, amakhonsathi epiyano azinikezele ku-Eschenbach, umculi wokuqala owaba nguye.

Nakuba umsebenzi wekhonsathi ka-Eschenbach, oqinile kuyena, awushubi njengowozakwabo, usevele wenza emazweni amaningi aseYurophu naseMelika, kuhlanganise ne-USA. Ngo-1968, umculi wabamba iqhaza okokuqala emkhosini wasePrague Spring. Umgxeki waseSoviet u-V. Timokhin, owamlalela, unikeza umlingiswa olandelayo ka-Eschenbach: “Yebo, ungumculi onesiphiwo, onikezwe umcabango ocebile wokudala, okwaziyo ukuzakhela umhlaba wakhe womculo futhi uphila isikhathi esishubile nesishubile. ukuphila embuthanweni wezithombe zakhe. Noma kunjalo, kimina kubonakala sengathi u-Eschenbach ungumdlali wopiyano osegumbini. Ushiya umbono omkhulu kunayo yonke emisebenzini ephekwe ngokucabangisisa ngezingoma nobuhle benkondlo. Kodwa ikhono elimangalisayo lomshayi wopiyano lokudala izwe lakhe lomculo lisenza, uma kungenjalo kukho konke, sivumelane naye, khona-ke ngesithakazelo esingenakuqhathaniswa, silandele indlela aqaphela ngayo imibono yakhe yasekuqaleni, indlela eyakha ngayo imiqondo yakhe. Lokhu, ngokubona kwami, kuyisizathu sempumelelo enkulu u-Eschenbach ayijabulelayo nabalaleli bakhe.

Njengoba singabona, kulezi zitatimende ezingenhla cishe akukho lutho okushiwo mayelana nenqubo ka-Eschenbach, futhi uma ikhuluma ngamasu ngamanye, kuhlobene kuphela nendlela abafaka ngayo isandla ekufanekiseni imiqondo yakhe. Lokhu akusho ukuthi inqubo iwuhlangothi olubuthakathaka lomdwebi, kodwa kunalokho kufanele ibonakale njengendumiso ephakeme kakhulu yobuciko bakhe. Nokho, ubuciko kusekude nokuphelela. Into esemqoka ukuthi namanje untula - isikali imiqondo, ukushuba isipiliyoni, ngakho isici of abadlali bopiyano ezinkulu German of the esidlule. Futhi uma ngaphambili abaningi babebikezele u-Eschenbach njengozongena esikhundleni se-Backhaus ne-Kempf, manje izibikezelo ezinjalo zingazwakala kancane kakhulu. Kodwa khumbula ukuthi bobabili baphinde babhekana nezikhathi zokuma, bagxekwa kakhulu futhi baba i-maestro yangempela kuphela eminyakeni ehloniphekile kakhulu.

Nokho, kwakunesimo esisodwa esasingavimbela u-Eschenbach ukuthi akhuphukele kwelinye izinga odlala ngalo upiyano. Lesi simo siwuthando lokuqhuba, okuyinto yena, ngokusho kwakhe, ayephupha ngayo kusukela ebuntwaneni. Uqale ukucula njengomqhubi ngesikhathi esafunda eHamburg: wabe esehola ukukhiqizwa kwabafundi kwe-opera kaHindemith ethi, We Build a City. Ngemva kweminyaka engu-10, umculi ngokokuqala ngqa wema ngemuva kwekhonsoli ye-orchestra ekhokhelwayo futhi wadlala umdlalo we-Third Symphony kaBruckner. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, isabelo sokwenza ama-performance ohlelweni lwakhe olumatasa luye lwanda kancane kancane futhi lwafinyelela cishe amaphesenti angu-80 ekuqaleni kwawo-80s. Manje u-Eschenbach akavamile ukudlala upiyano, kodwa waqhubeka aziwa ngezincazelo zakhe zomculo kaMozart noSchubert, kanye nokusebenza kwe-duet noZimon Barto.

Grigoriev L., Platek Ya., 1990