UKarl Ilyich Eliasberg |

UKarl Eliasberg

Agasti 9, 1942. Ezindebeni zawo wonke umuntu - "Leningrad - blockade - Shostakovich - 7th symphony - Eliasberg". Khona-ke udumo lomhlaba lwafika kuKarl Ilyich. Sekudlule iminyaka ecishe ibe ngu-65 kusukela kuleyo khonsathi, futhi sekudlule cishe iminyaka engamashumi amathathu kwashona umbhidisi. Uyini umfanekiso ka-Eliasberg obonwa namuhla?

Emehlweni abantu besikhathi sakhe, u-Eliasberg wayengomunye wabaholi besizukulwane sakhe. Izici zakhe ezimhlukanisayo kwakuyithalente lomculo eliyivelakancane, “akunakwenzeka” (ngokwencazelo kaKurt Sanderling) ukuzwa, ukwethembeka nobuqotho “kungakhathaliseki ubuso”, inhloso nokukhuthala, imfundo ye-encyclopedic, ukunemba nokugcina isikhathi kukho konke, ukuba khona kwendlela yakhe yokuzijwayeza yathuthukiswa iminyaka. (Lapha u-Yevgeny Svetlanov uyakhunjulwa: "EMoscow, kwakukhona ukuphikisana okuqhubekayo phakathi kwama-orchestra ethu kaKarl Ilyich. Wonke umuntu wayefuna ukumthola. Wonke umuntu wayefuna ukusebenza naye. Izinzuzo zomsebenzi wakhe zazinkulu kakhulu. ") Ngaphezu kwalokho, u-Eliasberg wayaziwa njengomphelelisi omuhle kakhulu, futhi wagqama phakathi kwabantu besikhathi sakhe ngokucula umculo kaTaneyev, uScriabin noGlazunov, kanye nabo uJS Bach, uMozart, uBrahms noBruckner.

Imuphi umgomo lo mculi, owaziswa kangaka ngabantu besikhathi sakhe, wazibekela wona, yimuphi umbono awufeza kwaze kwaba sekupheleni kwempilo yakhe? Lapha sifika kwenye yezimfanelo eziyinhloko zika-Eliasberg njengomqhubi.

UKurt Sanderling, encwadini yakhe yesikhumbuzo ka-Eliasberg, wathi: “Umsebenzi womdlali we-orchestra unzima.” Yebo, uKarl Ilyich wayekuqonda lokhu, kodwa waqhubeka "ecindezela" emaqenjini ayephathiswe wona. Futhi akukhona nokuthi wayengakwazi ukubekezelela amanga ngokoqobo noma cishe ukukhishwa kombhalo wombhali. U-Eliasberg waba umqhubi wokuqala waseRussia owaqaphela ukuthi “awukwazi ukuya kude ngenqola yesikhathi esidlule.” Ngisho nangaphambi kwempi, ama-orchestra angcono kakhulu aseYurophu naseMelika afinyelela ezikhundleni ezintsha zokucula, futhi iqembu elincane le-orchestra yaseRussia akufanele (ngisho nalapho kungekho sisekelo esibonakalayo nesisetshenziswayo) ukulandela umkhondo wokunqoba umhlaba.

Eminyakeni yangemva kwempi, u-Eliasberg wavakashela izindawo eziningi - kusukela emazweni aseBaltic kuya eMpumalanga Ekude. Wayenama-orchestra angamashumi amane nanhlanu emsebenzini wakhe. Wazifunda, wawazi amandla nobuthakathaka bazo, evame ukufika kusenesikhathi ezolalela iqembu ngaphambi kokuzilolonga (ukuze azilungiselele kangcono umsebenzi, abe nesikhathi sokwenza izinguquko ohlelweni lokuzilolonga nezingxenye ze-orchestra). Isipho sika-Eliasberg sokuhlaziya samsiza ukuba athole izindlela ezinhle nezisebenzayo zokusebenza nama-orchestra. Nakhu okuphawuliwe okukodwa nje okwenziwe ngesisekelo socwaningo lwezinhlelo ze-symphonic zika-Eliasberg. Kuyacaca ukuthi wayevame ukwenza ama-symphonies kaHaydn nawo wonke ama-orchestra, hhayi nje ngoba wayewuthanda lo mculo, kodwa ngoba wayewusebenzisa njengohlelo lwe-methodological.

Ama-orchestra aseRussia azalwe ngemva kuka-1917 aphuthelwa emfundweni yawo izici eziyisisekelo ezingokwemvelo zesikole sama-symphony saseYurophu. "I-Haydn Orchestra", lapho i-symphonism yaseYurophu ikhula khona, ezandleni zika-Eliasberg kwaba ithuluzi elidingekayo ukuze agcwalise lesi sikhala esikoleni se-symphony yasekhaya. Nje? Ngokusobala, kodwa kwakufanele kuqondwe futhi kusetshenziswe, njengoba kwenza u-Eliasberg. Futhi lesi isibonelo esisodwa nje. Namuhla, uma uqhathanisa ukuqoshwa kwama-orchestra aseRussia angcono kakhulu eminyaka engamashumi amahlanu edlule nokudlala kwesimanje, okungcono kakhulu kwama-orchestra ethu "kusuka kwabancane kuya kwabakhulu", uyaqonda ukuthi umsebenzi wokuzidela ka-Eliasberg, owaqala umsebenzi wakhe cishe yedwa, wawungekho. ize. Inqubo yemvelo yokudlulisa ulwazi yenzekile - abaculi be-orchestra besimanje, sebedlule ekuziqeqesheni kwakhe, "begxuma ngaphezu kwamakhanda abo" kumakhonsathi akhe, njengoba othisha sebekhuphule izinga lezidingo zobungcweti kubafundi babo. Futhi isizukulwane esilandelayo sabadlali be-orchestra, vele, saqala ukudlala ngokuhlanzekile, ngokunembile, saba nezimo eziguquguqukayo kuma-ensembles.

Ngokungakhethi, siphawula ukuthi uKarl Ilyich akakwazanga ukuthola umphumela eyedwa. Abalandeli bakhe bokuqala kwakunguK. Kondrashin, K. Zanderling, A. Stasevich. Khona-ke isizukulwane se-post-war "sixhunyiwe" - K. Simeonov, A. Katz, R. Matsov, G. Rozhdestvensky, E. Svetlanov, Yu. Temirkanov, Yu. Nikolaevsky, V. Verbitsky nabanye. Abaningi babo kamuva bazibiza ngabafundi base-Eliasberg ngokuziqhenya.

Kumele kushiwo ukuthi, ngesikweletu sika-Eliasberg, ngenkathi ethonya abanye, wazithuthukisa futhi wazithuthukisa. Kusukela kumqhubi oqinile futhi "ocindezela umphumela" (ngokwenkumbulo yothisha bami), waba uthisha ozolile, onesineke, ohlakaniphile - yile ndlela thina, amalungu e-orchestra ye-60s kanye ne-70s, simkhumbula ngayo. Nakuba ukuqina kwakhe kwahlala. Ngaleso sikhathi, indlela enjalo yokuxhumana phakathi kombhidisi neqembu le-orchestra yayibonakala iyinto evamile kithi. Futhi kamuva saqaphela ukuthi sasinenhlanhla kangakanani ekuqaleni komsebenzi wethu.

Esichazamazwini sanamuhla, ama-epithets "inkanyezi", "i-genius", "i-man-legend" ajwayelekile, sekuyisikhathi eside alahlekelwa incazelo yawo yasekuqaleni. Izihlakaniphi zesizukulwane sika-Eliasberg zazinengekile ukukhuluma ngamazwi. Kepha maqondana no-Eliasberg, ukusetshenziswa kwe-epithet "inganekwane" akuzange kubonakale kuwukuzenzisa. Umphathi walo "udumo oluqhumayo" ngokwakhe wayenamahloni ngakho, engacabangi ukuthi ungcono kunabanye, futhi ezindabeni zakhe mayelana nokuvinjezelwa, i-orchestra nezinye izinhlamvu zangaleso sikhathi zaziyizinhlamvu eziyinhloko.

UVictor Kozlov