Isigubhu: incazelo yensimbi, ukwakheka, umlando, izinhlobo, umsindo, ukusetshenziswa

Isigubhu singesinye sezinsimbi zomculo ezidumile futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo. Ukusebenziseka kalula, ukuma okunethezekile, ukunotha kwemisindo - konke lokhu kumsiza ukuthi ahlale edingeka eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane ezimbalwa edlule.

Yini isigubhu

Isigubhu singeseqembu lezinsimbi zomculo ezishaywayo. Phakathi kwezinhlobonhlobo eziningi, edume kakhulu isigubhu se-membrane, esinomzimba ominyene wensimbi noma wokhuni, ombozwe ulwelwesi (isikhumba, ipulasitiki) phezulu.

Ukukhishwa komsindo kwenzeka ngemva kokushaya ulwelwesi ngezinti ezikhethekile. Abanye abaculi bakhetha ukushaywa ngesibhakela. Ukuze uthole i-palette ecebile yemisindo, amamodeli amaningana osayizi abahlukene, okhiye bahlanganiswa ndawonye - yile ndlela isethi yesigubhu esakhiwe ngayo.

Kuze kube manje, kunezinhlobonhlobo eziningi zamamodeli ahlukene ngokuma, ubukhulu, umsindo. Kwaziwa izakhiwo ezimise okwe-hourglass, kanye nezigubhu ezinkulu, ezingaba ngamamitha ama-2 ububanzi.

Insimbi ayinayo iphimbo elithile, imisindo yayo iqoshwa ngomugqa owodwa, omaka isigqi. I-Drum roll igcizelela kahle isigqi somculo. Amamodeli amancane enza imisindo eyomile, ehlukile, umsindo wezigubhu ezinkulu ufana nokuduma.

Ukwakheka kwesigubhu

Idivayisi yethuluzi ilula, iqukethe izici ezilandelayo:

• Uhlaka. Yenziwe ngensimbi noma ngokhuni. Ishidi elenza umzimba livaleka libe yindingilizi, libe lingenalutho ngaphakathi. Ingxenye engenhla yomzimba ifakwe umphetho ovikela ulwelwesi. Emaceleni kukhona amabhawudi asebenza ukuqinisa ulwelwesi.
• I-membrane. Uzelula emzimbeni kusukela phezulu nangaphansi. Impahla ye-membrane yesimanje ipulasitiki. Ngaphambili, isikhumba, izikhumba zezilwane zazisetshenziswa njenge-membrane. I-membrane engenhla ibizwa ngokuthi ipulasitiki yomthelela, ephansi ibizwa ngokuthi i-resonant. Lapho ulwelwesi lushubile, umsindo uyanda.
• Izinduku. Ziyingxenye ebalulekile yesigubhu, njengoba zinesibopho sokukhiqiza umsindo. Izinto zokukhiqiza - izinkuni, i-aluminium, i-polyurethane. Ukuthi insimbi izozwakala kanjani incike ekugqineni, impahla, ubukhulu bezinti. Abanye abakhiqizi balebula izinti ezibonisa inhlangano yabo: i-jazz, i-rock, umculo we-orchestra. Abadlali abangochwepheshe bakhetha izinti ezenziwe ngokhuni.

Umlando

Izigubhu zakudala zaqanjwa ngobani futhi nini kuseyimpicabadala. Ikhophi endala isukela ekhulwini lesi-XNUMX BC. Iqiniso elithakazelisayo ukuthi leli thuluzi lasakazwa emhlabeni wonke. Isizwe ngasinye sasinesigubhu saso, esihluke kancane ngobukhulu noma ngokubukeka. Phakathi kwabathandi bensimbi abakhuthele kukhona abantu baseNingizimu Melika, e-Afrika naseNdiya. EYurophu, imfashini yokushaya izigubhu yafika kamuva - cishe ngekhulu lesi-XNUMX.

Ekuqaleni, imisindo yesigubhu ephezulu yayisetshenziselwa ukuphawula. Khona-ke aqala ukusetshenziswa lapho ukunamathela ngokuqinile esigqini kwakudingeka khona: emikhunjini enabagwedli, emidansweni engokwesiko, emikhosini, nasekusebenzeni kwezempi. AmaJapane asebenzisa ukuduma kwesigubhu ukuze abangele ukwethuka esitheni. Isosha laseJapane lalibambe insimbi ngemuva ngesikhathi libhaxabulwa ngokucasuka ngamanye amasosha amabili.

AbaseYurophu bathola leli thuluzi ngenxa yamaTurkey. Ekuqaleni, yayisetshenziswa ebuthweni: kwakukhona izinhlanganisela eziklanywe ngokukhethekile zezimpawu ezisho kusengaphambili, ukuhlehla, ukuqala kokubunjwa.

Amasosha aseRussia aqala ukusebenzisa izakhiwo ezinjengezigubhu ngesikhathi sokubusa kuka-Ivan the Terrible. Ukuthunjwa kweKazan kwakuhambisana nemisindo ye-nakrov - izimbiza ezinkulu zethusi ezimbozwe ngesikhumba phezulu. Umbusi u-Boris Godunov, owayethanda ama-mercenaries angaphandle, wamukela kubo isiko lokulwa nezigubhu ezibukeka njengamamodeli anamuhla. Ngaphansi kukaPeter Omkhulu, noma iyiphi ibutho lezempi lalihlanganisa abashayi bezigubhu abayikhulu. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili, ithuluzi lanyamalala ebuthweni. Ukubuya kwakhe okunqobayo kwafika ngokufika emandleni amakhomanisi: isigubhu saba uphawu lwenhlangano yamavulandlela.

Namuhla, izigubhu ezinkulu, eziwugibe ziyingxenye ye-symphony orchestra. Insimbi yenza okuhambisanayo, izingxenye eziyedwa. Kubaluleke kakhulu esiteji: isetshenziswa ngenkuthalo ngabaculi abadlala ngesitayela se-rock, i-jazz, futhi ukusebenza kwama-ensembles ezempi kubalulekile ngaphandle kwayo.

Into entsha yeminyaka yakamuva amamodeli e-elekthronikhi. Umculi uhlanganisa ngobuciko imisindo ye-acoustic ne-electronic ngosizo lwayo.

Izinhlobo zezigubhu

Izinhlobo zezigubhu zihlukaniswa ngokulandela izici zokuhlukanisa ezilandelayo:

Ngezwe lendabuko

Insimbi itholakala kuwo wonke amazwekazi, ihluke kancane ngokubukeka, ubukhulu, izindlela zokudlala:

1. umAfrika. Bayinto engcwele, babamba iqhaza emikhosini yenkolo nemikhuba. Ngaphezu kwalokho isetshenziselwa ukusayina. Izinhlobonhlobo zezigubhu zase-Afrika - i-bata, i-djembe, i-ashiko, i-kpanlogo nabanye.
2. Latin American. Atabaque, kuika, conga - elethwe yizigqila ezimnyama. I-Teponaztl iwukusungulwa kwendawo, okwenziwe ngokhuni olulodwa. I-Timbales iyinsimbi yaseCuba.
3. IsiJapane. Igama lezinhlobo zaseJapane yi-taiko (okusho ukuthi "isigubhu esikhulu"). Iqembu elithi "be-daiko" linesakhiwo esikhethekile: i-membrane iqiniswe ngokuqinile, ngaphandle kokukwazi ukulungiswa. Iqembu le-sime-daiko lezinsimbi likuvumela ukuthi ulungise ulwelwesi.
4. IsiShayina. I-bangu iyinsimbi yokhuni, enohlangothi olulodwa lobukhulu obuncane enomzimba omise okwekhoni. I-Paigu iwuhlobo lwe-timpani emiswe endaweni enganyakazi.
5. IsiNdiya. I-Tabla (izigubhu zomusi), i-mridanga (isigubhu esinohlangothi olulodwa).
6. I-Caucasian. I-Dhol, i-nagara (esetshenziswa ama-Armenia, ama-Azerbaijani), i-darbuka (izinhlobonhlobo zaseTurkey).

Ngezinhlobo

Izinhlobo zezigubhu ezakha isisekelo sama-orchestra anamuhla:

1. Okukhulu. Izinhlangothi zombili, kuyaqabukela - insimbi yohlangothi olulodwa enomsindo ophansi, onamandla, ongacacile. Isetshenziselwa ukushaya okukodwa, kugcizelela umsindo wezinsimbi eziyinhloko.
2. Encane. I-Double Membrane, enezintambo ezibekwe eceleni kolwelwesi olungezansi, okunikeza umsindo ukuthinta okukhethekile. Izintambo zingavalwa uma umsindo kudingeka ukuthi ucace, ngaphandle kwamathoni angeziwe. Isetshenziselwa ukukhipha amashothi. Awukwazi ukushaya i-membrane kuphela, kodwa futhi ushaye umugqa.
3. Tom-tom. Imodeli emise okwesilinda, eyehla ngokuqondile kubantu bomdabu baseMelika, e-Asia. Ngekhulu lesi-XNUMX, yaba yingxenye yesethi yesigubhu.
4. EThimpani. Ama-boilers ethusi ane-membrane enwetshiwe phezulu. Anephimbo elithile, umculi angakwazi ukulishintsha kalula ngesikhathi sokudlala.

Ngokwefomu

Ngokuma kwama-hulls, izigubhu ziyi:

• I-Conical,
• Okumise okwe-cauldron,
• "Hourglass",
• I-Cylindrical,
• isitsha,
• Uhlaka.

Production

Yonke imininingwane yesigubhu idinga ukunakwa, ngakho-ke ezinye izingcweti zihlanganyela ekukhiqizeni ithuluzi ngesandla. Kodwa abaculi abaqeqeshiwe bakhetha amamodeli ezimboni.

Izinto ezisetshenziselwa ukwenza i-case:

• Ezinye izinhlobo zensimbi
• ithusi,
• Ipulasitiki,
• Izinkuni (i-maple, i-linden, i-birch, i-oki).

Umsindo wemodeli yesikhathi esizayo ngokuqondile uncike ezintweni ezikhethiwe.

Lapho icala selilungile, baqala ukwenza izinsimbi zensimbi: i-hoop evikela i-membrane, ama-bolts, ama-locks, ama-fasteners. Izici zethuluzi ziwohloka kakhulu uma ifakwe inombolo enkulu yezimbobo, izingxenye ezengeziwe. Abakhiqizi abaziwayo banikeza uhlelo olukhethekile lokuqinisa olukuvumela ukuthi ugcine ubuqotho becala.

Ukushuna izigubhu

Izilungiselelo zidinga noma yiluphi uhlobo lwethuluzi: ukuba nephimbo elithile (timpani, rototom) futhi ungabi nalo (tom-tom, encane, enkulu).

Ukushuna kwenzeka ngokwelula noma ukukhulula ulwelwesi. Ngalokhu, kukhona amabhawudi akhethekile emzimbeni. Ukushuba kakhulu kwenza umsindo uphakame kakhulu, ukuqina okubuthakathaka kuwuphuca ukuvezwa. Kubalulekile ukuthola "incazelo yegolide".

Isigubhu esiwugibe esifakwe izintambo sidinga ukulungiswa okuhlukile kolwelwesi olungezansi.

Ukusebenzisa

Ithuluzi lihle kokubili ekubunjweni kwe-ensemble nasekusebenzeni izingxenye ezizimele. Umculi ukhetha ngokuzimela ukuthi uzosebenzisa izinduku uma edlala noma eshaya ulwelwesi ngezandla zakhe. Ukudlala ngezandla kuthathwa njengokuphakama kobuchwepheshe futhi akutholakali kuwo wonke abaculi.

Kuma-orchestra, isigubhu sinikezwa indima ebalulekile: kubhekwa njengesiqalo, sibeka isigqi somculo. Ihambisana kahle nezinye izinsimbi zomculo, iyahambisana nazo. Ngaphandle kwayo, imidlalo yamaqembu ezempi, abaculi be-rock ayinakucatshangwa, leli thuluzi lihlala likhona kuma-parade, imibuthano yentsha, nemicimbi yemikhosi.