Umlando we-domra
Izazi-mlando eziningi ziyakukholelwa lokho i-domra - insimbi yokuqala yesiRashiya. Kodwa-ke, isiphetho sakhe siyingqayizivele futhi siyamangalisa kangangokuthi akufanelekile ukusheshisa izitatimende zalolu hlobo, kunezinguqulo ezi-2 zokubukeka kwayo, ngayinye engaba yiqiniso.
Ukukhulunywa kokuqala kwe-domra okwehlele kithi kusukela ngekhulu le-16, kodwa bakhuluma nge-domra njengensimbi esevele yathola ukuthandwa okubanzi eRussia.Enye yemibono evame kakhulu ngemvelaphi yalesi sisetshenziswa somculo esiphundulwe ifa lasempumalanga. Izinsimbi zomculo ezifanayo ngendlela nangendlela yokukhipha imisindo zazisetshenziswa abantu baseTurkey basendulo futhi zazibizwa ngokuthi amathambori. Futhi igama elithi "domra" ngokusobala alinayo impande yesiRashiya. Le nguqulo iphinde isekelwe yiqiniso lokuthi i-tambour yasempumalanga yayinebhodi lomsindo elifanayo eliyisicaba futhi imisindo yayikhishwa ngosizo lwezinkuni zezandla zezandla. Kukholakala ukuthi kwakuyi-tambur eyayingukhokho wezinsimbi eziningi zasempumalanga: i-Turkish baglamu, i-Kazakh dombra, i-Tajik rubab. Kukholakala ukuthi kwakusuka ku-tambour, phakathi nezinguquko ezithile, ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi i-domra yaseRussia ivele. Futhi yalethwa eRussia Yasendulo ngesikhathi sobudlelwane obuseduze bezohwebo namazwe aseMpumalanga, noma ngesikhathi sejoka leMongol-Tatar.
Ngokusho kwenye inguqulo, izimpande ze-domra zanamuhla kufanele zifunwe ku-lute yaseYurophu. 
Nakuba, phakathi neNkathi Ephakathi, noma iyiphi insimbi yomculo enomzimba oyindilinga nezintambo, okwakukhishwa kuyo imisindo kusetshenziswa indlela yokuhluthula, yayibizwa ngokuthi ilute. Uma uphenya emlandweni, ungathola ukuthi inezimpande zasempumalanga futhi isuka kuthuluzi lesi-Arabhu - al-ud, kodwa kamuva amaSlav aseYurophu aba nomthelela ekubunjweni nasekuklanyweni. Lokhu kungaqinisekiswa yi-kobza yase-Ukrainian-Polish kanye nenguqulo yayo yesimanjemanje - i-bandura. INkathi Ephakathi idume ngobudlelwano obuseduze bomlando namasiko, ngakho i-domra ibhekwa ngokufanelekile njengesihlobo sazo zonke izinsimbi zomculo ezinezintambo zangalezo zikhathi.
Kusukela ngekhulu le-16 kuya kwele-17, yayiyingxenye ebalulekile yesiko laseRussia. I-Skomoroshestvo, eyayivamile eRussia, yayihlala isebenzisa i-domra lapho idlala emgwaqweni, kanye namahabhu nezimpondo. Bajikeleza izwe lonke, benza imidlalo, bahlekisa ngesikhulu somfana, isonto, okwakuvame ukuthukuthelisa ngalo iziphathimandla nesonto. Kwakukhona "I-Amusement Chamber" yonke eyayijabulisa "umphakathi ophakeme" ngosizo lwalesi sisetshenziswa somculo. Nokho, kusukela ngo-1648, kufika isikhathi esimangalisayo se-domra. Ngaphansi kwethonya lesonto, uTsar Alexei Mikhailovich wabiza imidlalo yaseshashalazini yama-buffoon ngokuthi "imidlalo yamademoni" futhi wakhipha umyalo wokuqedwa "kwezinsimbi zemidlalo yamademoni" - i-domra, ihabhu, izimpondo, njll. Kusukela kulesi sikhathi kuze kube sekhulwini le-19. , imibhalo yomlando ayiqukethe noma yikuphi okushiwo nge-domra.
Indaba yayingase iphele ngokudabukisayo, uma ngo-1896, esifundeni saseVyatka, umcwaningi ovelele nomculi wangaleso sikhathi - u-VV Andreev, akazange athole insimbi yomculo eyinqaba enesimo se-hemispherical. Bekanye nompetha u-SI Nalimov, bakha iphrojekthi yokwakha insimbi esekelwe ekwakhiweni kwesifanekiso esitholakele. Ngemva kokwakhiwa kabusha nokutadisha imibhalo yomlando, kwaphetha ngokuthi lena i-domra endala.
"I-Orchestra Enkulu YaseRussia" - ebizwa ngokuthi i-orchestra ye-balalaika eholwa ngu-Andreev, yayikhona ngisho nangaphambi kokutholakala kwe-domra, kodwa inkosi yakhononda ngokuntuleka kweqembu elihamba phambili lomculo, indima ehambisana nayo ngokuphelele. Kanye nomqambi nomshayi wopiyano u-NP Fomin, ngosizo lwakhe amalungu ombuthano womculo ka-Andreev afunda ukuphawula komculo futhi afinyelela ezingeni lochwepheshe, i-domra yaqala ukuphenduka ithuluzi lezemfundo eligcwele.
Ibukeka kanjani i-domra? Kunombono wokuthi ekuqaleni benziwe ngezingodo. Lapho, ukhuni lwagetshengwa phakathi, kwaqedwa induku (intamo), imisipha eyeluliwe yezilwane yayisebenza njengezintambo. Umdlalo wenziwa nge-sliver, uphaphe, noma ithambo lenhlanzi. I-domra yesimanje inomzimba ongcono owenziwe nge-maple, i-birch, intamo eyenziwe ngokhuni oluqinile. Ukuze udlale i-domra, kusetshenziswa i-plectrum eyenziwe ngegobolondo lofudu, futhi ukuze kuzwakale umsindo ongacacile, kusetshenziswa i-plectrum eyenziwe ngesikhumba sangempela. Insimbi enezintambo iqukethe umzimba oyindilinga, ubude obumaphakathi bentamo, izintambo ezintathu, isikali sekota. Ngo-1908, izinhlobo zokuqala ezinezintambo ezine ze-domra zaklanywa. 
Kwenzeka ngokuphikelela komqhubi odumile - uG. Lyubimov, futhi lo mbono watholwa yinkosi yezinsimbi zomculo - S. Burovy. Kodwa-ke, i-4-string yayingaphansi kwe-domra yezintambo ezi-3 zendabuko ngokuya nge-timbre. Njalo ngonyaka, isithakazelo sakhula kuphela, futhi ngo-1945 kwenzeka ikhonsathi yokuqala, lapho i-domra yaba insimbi eyedwa. Yabhalwa nguN. Budashkin futhi yaba yimpumelelo ephawulekayo eminyakeni eyalandela. Umphumela walokhu kwaba ukuvulwa komnyango wokuqala wezinsimbi zomdabu eRussia e-Institute. Gnesins, eyayinomnyango we-domra. Yu. Shishakov waba uthisha wokuqala.
ukwanda eYurophu. EBhayibhelini elihunyushwe nguSemyon Budnov, igama lensimbi lishiwo ukuze kugxilwe ekutheni ama-Israyeli amdumisa kangakanani uNkulunkulu emahubo alotshwe iNkosi uDavide ethi “Dumisani uJehova nge-domra”. E-Principal of Lithuania, le nsimbi yomculo yayibhekwa njengokuzijabulisa kwabantu abavamile, kodwa phakathi nokubusa kwama-Grand Dukes of the Radziwills, yayidlalwa egcekeni ukuze ijabulise indlebe.
Kuze kube manje, ikhonsathi, izingoma zomculo zegumbi zenziwa ku-domra eRussia, e-Ukraine, eBelarus, nakwamanye amazwe angemva kweSoviet. Abaqambi abaningi banikele isikhathi sabo ekwenzeni imisebenzi yomculo yaleli thuluzi. Indlela emfushane ngale ndlela yokuthi i-domra isidlulile, isuka kumuntu iye kwinsimbi yezemfundo, ayikho enye insimbi yomculo ye-orchestra ye-symphony yesimanje eye yakwazi ukudlula kuyo.
