Ikhalenda lomculo - Juni

UJuni yinyanga evula ihlobo eselilindelwe isikhathi eside, inyanga yokuzalwa kwabantu abakhanyayo. NgoJuni, izwe lomculo ligubha izinsuku zokuzalwa zamakhosi afana noMikhail Glinka, u-Aram Khachaturian, uRobert Schumann, u-Igor Stravinsky.

Ngokuqondana nje, imidlalo yokuqala ye-ballet kaStravinsky i-Perushka ne-The Firebird nayo yenzeke kule nyanga.

Ithalente labo lisekhona iminyaka

1 Juni 1804 unyaka Umqambi wazalelwa esifundazweni saseSmolensk, ukubaluleka kwakhe ekuthuthukiseni isiko kazwelonke saseRussia akunakulinganiswa ngokweqile - UMikhail Ivanovich Glinka. Ngokusekelwe emiphumeleni yamakhulu eminyaka yomculo waseRussia ochwepheshe nowesintu, wafingqa inqubo yokwakhiwa kwesikole sikazwelonke sabaqambi.

Kusukela ebuntwaneni wayethanda izingoma zomdabu, edlalwa ku-orchestra kamalume wakhe, wahlangana no-Alexander Pushkin esemncane, wayenesithakazelo emlandweni nasezinganekwaneni zaseRussia. Uhambo lwaphesheya lwasiza umqambi ukuba abone isifiso sakhe sokuletha umculo waseRussia ezingeni lomhlaba. Futhi waphumelela. Ama-opera akhe "Ivan Susanin", "Ruslan noLyudmila" angena endaweni yengcebo yomhlaba njengezibonelo zama-classics aseRussia.

6 Juni 1903 unyaka wazalelwa eBaku Aram Khachaturyan. Lo mqambi oyingqayizivele akazange athole imfundo yokuqala yomculo; Ukwethulwa kochwepheshe kukaKhachaturian kwezobuciko bomculo kwaqala eneminyaka engu-19 ngokungeniswa ekolishi lomculo lamaGnesins, okokuqala ekilasini le-cello, kwabe sekuqanjwa.

Ukufaneleka kwakhe ukuthi ukwazile ukuhlanganisa iculo le-monodic laseMpumalanga namasiko e-symphonic yakudala. Phakathi kwemisebenzi yakhe edumile kukhona ama-ballet u-Spartacus no-Gayane, aphakathi kobuciko bobuciko bakudala bomhlaba.

U-AI Khachaturian - "Waltz" ovela kumculo wedrama "Masquerade" (ozimele befilimu ethi “War and Peace”)

8 Juni 1810 unyaka omunye wabameleli abaqhakazile benkathi yezothando weza emhlabeni - URobert Schumann. Naphezu komsebenzi wommeli owatholwa ngokuphikelela kukanina, umqambi akazange aqale ukusebenza ngobuchwepheshe bakhe. Wakhangwa izinkondlo nomculo, isikhathi esithile waze wangabaza, ekhetha indlela. Umculo wakhe uphawuleka ngesimo sawo sokungena, umthombo oyinhloko wezithombe zakhe yizwe elijulile neliningi lemizwa yomuntu.

Abantu besikhathi sikaSchumann babengafuni ukwamukela umsebenzi wakhe, kubo umculo womqambi wawubonakala uyinkimbinkimbi, ungavamile, udinga ukuqonda okucatshangelwayo. Noma kunjalo, yaziswa ngokufanele ngabaqambi be "isandla esinamandla" noP. Tchaikovsky. Imijikelezo yepiyano "Carnival", "Butterflies", "Kreisleriana", "Symphonic Etudes", izingoma nemijikelezo yezwi, ama-symphonies angu-4 - lokhu kukude nohlu oluphelele lwemisebenzi yakhe yobuciko, okuholela ku-repertoire yabadlali abahamba phambili besikhathi sethu.

Phakathi abaqambi abadumile owazalwa ngoJuni futhi U-Edvard Grieg. Waba khona 15 Juni 1843 unyaka ngesiNorwegian Bergen emndenini wenxusa laseBrithani. U-Grieg uyingcweti yezakudala zase-Norwegian ezilethe ezingeni lamazwe ngamazwe. Amakhono okuqala nothando lomculo lwafakwa kumqambi ngunina. Isitayela somqambi ngamunye saqala ukwakheka e-Leipzig Conservatory, lapho, naphezu kwesistimu yemfundo yakudala, uGrieg wakhangwa isitayela sothando. Izithixo zakhe kwakunguR. Schumann, R. Wagner, F. Chopin.

Ngemva kokuthuthela e-Oslo, uGrieg waqala ukuqinisa amasiko kazwelonke emculweni futhi awukhuthaze phakathi kwabalaleli. Umsebenzi womqambi washeshe wafinyelela ezinhliziyweni zabalaleli. Iqembu lakhe elithi "Peer Gynt", "Symphonic Dances", "Lyric Pieces" lepiyano lizwakala njalo esiteji sekhonsathi.

17 Juni 1882 unyaka wazalelwa ePetersburg U-Igor Stravinsky, umqambi, lowo, ngokombono wakhe, owayephila “ngesikhathi esingalungile”. Wazuza idumela lokuba umguquli wamasiko, umfuni wezitayela ezintsha zokuluka. Abantu besikhathi babembiza ngomdali onobuso obuyinkulungwane.

Wayesebenzelana ngokukhululekile namafomu, izinhlobo, ehlala efuna inhlanganisela entsha yazo. Ububanzi bezithakazelo zakhe bebungagcini nje ekuqambeni. U-Stravinsky wayezibandakanya ngokujulile emisebenzini yokwenza neyokufundisa, wahlangana nabantu abavelele - N. Rimsky-Korsakov, S. Diaghilev, A. Lyadov, I. Glazunov, T. Mann, P. Picasso.

Umbuthano wabaculi bakhe abajwayelekile wawubanzi kakhulu. Stravinsky wahamba kakhulu, wavakashela amazwe amaningi. Ama-ballet akhe amahle athi "Petrushka" kanye "The Rite of Spring" ajabulisa izilaleli zesimanje.

Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ngenyanga yokuzalwa kwakhe kwaqala ukudlala ama-ballet amabili kaStravinsky. Ngo-June 25, 1910, ukukhiqizwa kokuqala kwe-Firebird kwenzeka e-Grand Opera, futhi ngemva konyaka, ngo-June 15, 1911, i-premiere ye-Petrushka yenzeka.

Abadlali abadumile

7 Juni 1872 unyaka wabonakala emhlabeni Leonid Sobinov, umculi isazi somculo uB. Asafiev esimbiza ngokuthi isiphethu sezingoma zesiRashiya. Emsebenzini wakhe, ubuqiniso buhlanganiswe nendlela yomuntu ngamunye esithombeni ngasinye. Eqala ukusebenza endimeni, umculi wayehlose ukuveza umlingiswa weqhawe ngokwemvelo nangeqiniso.

Uthando lukaSobinov lokucula lwavela kusukela ebuntwaneni, kodwa waqala ukuhlanganyela ngokujulile emazwini ngenkathi efunda eyunivesithi, lapho efunda khona amakhwaya amabili abafundi: ezingokomoya nezezwe. Waqashelwa futhi wamenywa njengomfundi wamahhala eSikoleni sePhilharmonic. Impumelelo iqhamuke nengxenye yeSinodal ye-opera ethi "Idemoni", edlalwa eBolshoi Theatre. Izithameli zamukele umculi osemusha ngentshiseko, i-aria ethi "Ukuphenduka i-falcon ..." kwakufanele yenziwe njenge-encore. Ngakho waqala umsebenzi ngempumelelo ekhonsathini umculi hhayi kuphela eRussia, kodwa futhi phesheya.

14 Juni 1835 unyaka wazalwa U-Nikolai Rubinstein - umqhubi wepiyano ovelele waseRussia, uthisha kanye nomphakathi. Njengomdlali wopiyano, wakhetha ingoma yakhe ukuze adlulisele kumlaleli izitayela nezitayela zomculo ezihlukahlukene. U-Nikolai Rubinstein odumile njengomqhubi. Ngaphansi kobuholi bakhe, amakhonsathi angaphezu kuka-250 abanjwe e-RMO hhayi eMoscow naseSt. Petersburg kuphela, kodwa nasemadolobheni ezifundazweni.

Njengomuntu osesidlangalaleni, u-N. Rubinshtein wahlela amakhonsathi esintu amahhala. Wayengumqali wokuvulwa kwe-Conservatory yaseMoscow, futhi isikhathi eside wayengumqondisi wayo. Nguye owaheha uP. Tchaikovsky, G. Laroche, S. Taneyev ukufundisa kuwo. U-Nikolai Rubinstein wajabulela ukuthandwa okukhulu nothando phakathi kwabangane nabalaleli. Iminyaka eminingi ngemva kokufa kwakhe, amakhonsathi ayinkumbulo yakhe ayebanjelwa eMoscow Conservatory.

MI Glinka - MA Balakirev - "Lark" eyenziwe nguMikhail Pletnev

Umbhali - uVictoria Denisova