Izikhawu ezihlanganisiwe

Umqondo "wesikhathi somculo" emculweni usho ukuthatha kanyekanye noma ukulandelana kwemisindo emibili. Lesi sigaba sesayensi yomculo sinezigaba zaso. Kuye ngokuthi amanothi amabili adlalwa noma aculwa ndawonye noma ngokwehlukana, i-diatonic (melodic) noma izikhawu ze-harmonic ziyahlukaniswa. I-Diatonic isho ukuthatha imisindo ngokwehlukana, nokuvumelana kusho ukuhlangana. Ngokusho kwendawo yabo maqondana ne-octave (ibanga lamanothi ayisikhombisa), izikhawu zihlukaniswa zibe lula (ngaphakathi kwayo) kanye nenhlanganisela (ngaphandle kwazo).

Kunezikhawu eziyishumi nanhlanu sezizonke: eziyisishiyagalombili ngaphakathi kwe-octave, eziyisikhombisa ngaphandle kwayo.

Amagama ezikhawu ezihlanganisiwe

Amagama ezinhlanganisela zemisindo emculweni adabuka kwisiLatini. Lokhu kungenxa yomlando wemvelaphi yesayensi yomculo, esekelwe enkathini yempucuko yasendulo. UPythagoras naye wasebenza Ngokuvumelana nezindaba zephimbo kanye nesakhiwo somculo. Amagama ezikhathi zomculo eziyinhlanganisela nezincazelo zegama lawo lesiLatini zimi kanje:

• I-Nona (“yesishiyagalolunye”);
• I-Decima (“yeshumi”);
• I-Undecima (“yeshumi nanye”);
• I-Duodecima (“yeshumi nambili”);
• I-Terzdecima (“yeshumi nantathu”);
• I-Quartdecima (“yeshumi nane”);
• I-Quintdecima ("yeshumi nanhlanu").

Yiziphi izikhawu ezihlanganisiwe?

Izikhawu ezihlanganisiwe ziyizikhawu ezifanayo ezilula, kodwa nge-octave ehlanzekile engezwe kuzo (isikhawu samanothi angu-8, isibonelo, ukusuka "kuya" ku-octave yokuqala "ukwenza" yesibili ), ezethula umehluko obonakalayo emsindweni ophakathi kwazo.

• I-Nona (isikhawu sesibili, esithathwe nge-octave, siyizinyathelo ezingu-9);
• I-Decima (yesithathu nge-octave, izitebhisi eziyi-10);
• I-Undecima (ikota nge-octave, izinyathelo eziyi-11);
• I-Duodecima (yesihlanu nge-octave, izinyathelo eziyi-12);
• I-Tertsdecima (yesithupha ku-octave, izinyathelo eziyi-13);
• I-Quartdecima (septim + octave , izinyathelo eziyi-14);
• I-Quintdecima ( octave + octave 15 izinyathelo).

Ithebula lesikhawu lenhlanganisela

Amagama athi “uv” kanye “nomqondo” kuthebula yizici zekhwalithi zezikhawu, ezifushanisiwe zisuka kokuthi “ncishisiwe” kanye “nokwanda”.

Lezi zigaba zicacisa ipharamitha yobuningi bongwaqa futhi isho ukunyuka noma ukwehla kwesikhawu nge-semitone. Ukuhlukaniswa okunjalo kuyadingeka ukuze modal ukuhlukaniswa kwesistimu ibe enkulu futhi encane .

Izikhawu ngaphandle ukukhathazeka a amancane nje, amakhulu (amasekhondi, okwesithathu, okwesithupha kanye nesikhombisa) futhi ahlanzekile (ama-prims, ama-octaves, okwesihlanu namaquarts). Uhlamvu “h” etafuleni luchaza “hlanzekile”, “m” kanye “b” - izikhawu ezinkulu nezincane. Kukhona nomqondo wezikhawu ezikhuliswe kabili nezincishiswe kabili, lapho ububanzi bazo kufanele buguquke ngethoni yonke.

Izikhawu zepiyano

Uma sikhuluma ngesakhiwo sesikhawu emculweni, umsindo wayo wokuqala ubizwa ngokuthi isisekelo, kanye ne yesibili – phezulu. Kupiyano, ungakha ukuguqulwa kwezikhawu – ushintshanise imisindo yayo ephansi nengaphezulu ngokuyihambisa nge-octave phezulu/ephansi kukhibhodi. Insimbi efana nepiyano iyona eqondakala kakhulu ekuboniseni nasekufundeni izikhawu kuthiyori yomculo, ngenxa yokunethezeka nokubonakala kokhiye abamnyama nabamhlophe. Yingakho noma yibaphi abaculi - abadlali, ngaphezu kokukhethekile kwabo okuyinhloko, baqeqeshelwa i-solfeggio kupiyano yakudala.

Ake sibheke izibonelo

Kungcono kakhulu ukwakha izikhawu ezihlanganisiwe futhi uhlaziye izinhlobo zazo kusukela emsindweni "kuya" ku-octave yokuqala. I-octave ehlanzekile okufanele idlulwe inothi elingu-C lesibili octave . Zombili izikhiye zimhlophe. Inothi elimnyama elililandelayo (ukuya kokucijile) lizoba phezulu kwe-nona encane, eyakhiwe ukusuka “kuya” ku-octave yokuqala (noma isekhondi elincane nge-octave). "Re" yesibili octave (isemitone eyodwa elandelayo phezulu) izoba phezulu kwenkulu akukho konke kusukela “ekwenzeni” okufanayo kwe-octave yokuqala. Lena indlela m. 9 futhi b zakhiwa. 9 kusukela kunothi “kuya”.

Isibonelo sesikhawu esikhulisiwe ukusuka kunothi “kuya” kungaba, isibonelo, ukusharp kwesibili octave . Isikhawu esinjalo siyi-undecima ekhulisiwe futhi siqokwe uv.11.

Izimpendulo emibuzweni

Zingaki izikhawu ezihlanganisiwe emculweni? 

Sekukonke, ithiyori yomculo inezikhawu eziyisikhombisa ezihlanganisiwe.

Iyiphi indlela elula yokukhumbula amagama ezikhawu? 

"Decima" kusho ishumi, ngakho-ke, lapho ubamba ngekhanda amagama, kufanelekile ukuqala kulo mqondo.

Esikhundleni sokuphumayo

Kunezikhawu eziyisikhombisa ezihlanganisiwe emculweni. Ukuqokwa kwabo kunomsuka wesiLatini, futhi bakhiwe ngokungeza i-octave ezinkathini ezilula. Ngezikhawu ezihlanganisiwe, kuyasebenza imithetho efanayo neyezikhawu ezilula. Zibuye zihlukaniswe zibe yi-subspecies futhi zingaguqulwa.