Ikhalenda lomculo - Ephreli

U-April wasijabulisa ngokuzalwa kwabaqambi abanjengoSergei Rachmaninov, u-Edison Denisov, u-Alexander Alexandrov, uSergei Prokofiev, kanye nabaculi abadumile abanjengoMontserrat Caballe.

Izingxabano zabo zisaqhubeka kuze kube namuhla

Ephreli 1 1873 iminyaka wazalelwa esifundazweni Novgorod Sergey Rachmaninov, kamuva owaba umdlali wopiyano nomqambi ohlakaniphile. Kubonakala sengathi imvelo ngokwayo yamsiza ukuba abe ngumdlali omangalisayo: iminwe yomculi yayinde kangangokuthi yahlanganisa ngokuthula ibanga lezihluthulelo ezimhlophe ezingu-12. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi Rachmaninov wachitha iminyaka eminingi eYurophu nase-USA, wayehlale ezibheka Russian. Yonke imisebenzi yakhe igcwele izithombe ze-Motherland yakhe ayithandayo, amandla anamandla, amasimu amakhulu kanye nesiphithiphithi semibala. Ikhonsathi yakhe yesi-2 Yepiyano ibe uphawu lwenkathi entsha, namandla ayo aqhumayo kanye noshintsho oluneziyaluyalu.

Ephreli 6 1929 iminyaka – usuku lokuzalwa Edison Denisov – umqambi owayekholelwa ukuthi umculo nezibalo kuhlobene eduze. Wathola izifundo ezimbili eziphakeme eziphambene ne-polar: wathweswa iziqu e-Faculty of Physics and Mathematics of Tomsk University kanye naseMoscow Conservatory. Umqambi unqabe ngokuqinile wonke amathrendi avamile, asemfashinini noma ahlolwe isikhathi emculweni. Wayekholelwa ukuthi kwezobuciko kuyadingeka ukusungula ubuhle obusha, ngoba ama-classics awakwazi ukuphindaphindiwe.

UDenisov uhlale ezama, futhi ngenxa yalokho udala imisebenzi yobuciko efana ne-Symphony ye-orchestra enkulu, i-ballet "Confession", "Requiem".

Ephreli 13 1883 iminyaka weza emhlabeni Alexander Alexandrov, indoda kamuva eyadala iqoqo lengoma nomdanso we-Red Army, eyazuza udumo emhlabeni wonke. Imvelo yanikeza umqambi izwi elimnandi. Akumangazi ukuthi ungumbhali wezinhlelo ezingaphezu kuka-70 zezingoma zomdabu kanye nomqambi wezingoma zombhali ezingama-81. Omunye wemisebenzi edume kakhulu yomqambi ingoma ethi "Impi Engcwele", futhi, ngaphezu kwalokho, iculo lesizwe lanamuhla laseRussia lenziwa emculweni wakhe.

U-Alexandrov, ne-Red Banner Ensemble yakhe, wenza umsebenzi omuhle kakhulu wokusebenzela amayunithi ezempi e-USSR, ngesikhathi sokuthula nangesikhathi sempi. Akazange akhohlwe ngemfundo yobuhle, wakhuthaza ukwakhiwa kwama-ensembles emaqenjini okusebenza, amakilabhu, futhi wanikeza usizo olusebenzayo.

Ephreli 20 1881 iminyaka wazalwa Nikolai Myaskovsky - ummeleli omdala wesikole somqambi waseRussia wekhulu lama-XX. Umgxeki u-Boris Asafiev wabhala ukuthi emsebenzini walo mqambi, ogqamile kunabanye, "kukhona intambo evela ku-Russian yasekuqaleni, ngokusebenzisa okwamanje okushisayo, ekuboneni ikusasa." Uhlobo oluyinhloko emsebenzini kaMyaskovsky yi-symphony. Lolu hlobo lubizwa ngokuthi "umlando wokomoya". Iqukethe ukucabanga ngakho kokubili iminyaka yamanje kanye neminyaka enzima yokucekelwa phansi kwangemva kwempi, ukumbozwa kwezehlakalo zama-1930s ezibuhlungu, ubunzima beMpi Enkulu Yokushisekela Izwe. Ama-symphony akhe awukusesha okuqhubekayo, okubuhlungu kokufuna okuhle.

Ephreli 23 1857 iminyaka wazalwa Ruggiero Leoncavallo - umbhali we-opera edumile "Pagliacci". Umzukulu womculi odumile waseNeapolitan, naye waxhuma impilo yakhe nobuciko. Ebusheni bakhe, wayaziwa kangcono njengomdlali wopiyano onekhono kanye nomphelezeli, futhi kuphela lapho esekhulile lapho abonisa khona umhlaba ithalente lakhe njengomqambi. Naphezu kokukhiqizwa okuphumelelayo kwe-Rural Honor, kwakuyi-premiere ye-opera Pagliacci eyalethela umqambi ukunqoba. Indima ebalulekile nayo yadlalwa yiqiniso lokuthi u-Enrique Caruso wadlala indima enkulu kuyo, futhi u-Arturo Toscanini waqhuba i-orchestra. Ngeshwa, uLeoncavallo akakwazanga ukudlula impumelelo ye "Pagliacci" futhi wahlala phakathi kwabaqambi - abalobi bomsebenzi owodwa wobuciko.

Ngalolo suku, kodwa phumula ngemva kwengxenye yekhulu leminyaka, Ephreli 23 1891 iminyaka, edolobhaneni laseSontsovka, kwazalwa umfana, okwathi ngengozi emangalisayo, wabizwa ngokuthi ingane "enelanga" ngenxa yomlingiswa wakhe okhanyayo ojabule - Sergei Prokofiev. Waqala ukufunda umculo nokuqamba kusenesikhathi. Wonke ama-opuses akhe aqoshwa ngenkuthalo ngunina, ngakho lapho eneminyaka engu-10 umqambi osemusha wayesevele enefa elicebile lokudala, kuhlanganise nama-opera angu-2.

Lapho eneminyaka engu-13 ubudala, u-Prokofiev wabhaliswa e-Conservatory yaseSt. Imisebenzi yakhe yayingathandwa noma ingathandwa, yayinconywa noma igxekwe, kodwa ayizange ishiye noma yimuphi wabalaleli bengenandaba.

SS Prokofiev - March kusukela ku-opera "Uthando lwamawolintshi amathathu"

Iqiniso elithakazelisayo mayelana ne-opera ethi "The Love for Three Oranges" liyaziwa. Waphefumulela omunye wabatshali abakhulu kangangokuthi wanikeza u-Prokofiev ukubambisana okunenzuzo kuphela ithuba lokubeka isiqubulo esikhangisweni sakhe ukuthi amawolintshi akhe akhuthaza i-maestro enkulu ukuba ibhale ubuciko. Ingcebo yezinto zakudala zomhlaba ihlanganisa inganekwane yezingane ethi "Peter and the Wolf", i-ballet "Romeo and Juliet", "Classical" Yokuqala kanye ne-Seventh Symphony.

Izwi lakhe lidlala ezintanjeni zabalaleli

Ephreli 12 1933 iminyaka emndenini ompofu kakhulu waseSpain wazalelwa I-Montserrat Caballe. Uphunyulwe ebumpofu ngenxa yethalente lakhe nokubekezela okumangalisayo, lo mculi waba umculi omkhulu kunabo bonke ekhulwini lesi-XNUMX eliphumayo.

Mhlawumbe umhlaba ubungeke uliqaphele leli gama, kodwa isiphetho wethula i-prima donna yesikhathi esizayo ngesipho. Ngenxa yokugula okunzima kukayise, intombazane kwadingeka ithole umsebenzi wokuthunga embonini yamaduku. Lapho ukucula kwakhe kwezwakala ngephutha ngabaxhasi, abashadile uBeltran Mata. Yibo abahlonze osemusha onethalente e-Liceo Conservatory e-Barcelona, ​​​​lapho ithalente lakhe lachuma khona.

V. Bellini "Casta Diva" kusukela ku-opera "Norma" - iSpanishi. M. Caballero

Wenza cishe zonke izingxenye ze-opera ezibuhlungu, kuhlanganise noVioletta, Tosca, Salome, Madame Butterfly. Kodwa kungakhathaliseki ukuthi amaqhawekazi afa kanjani, ngenkemba noma ushevu, owenziwa uCaballe, i-arias yawo eyayifa yayizwakala njengesithembiso sobunye, ukuphila kwasezulwini, ubunye noNkulunkulu.

Izehlakalo ezithakazelisayo

Ngo-April 9, 1860, kwenzeka isenzakalo esithakazelisa kakhulu kubathandi bomculo: umsunguli waseFrance, u-Edward Leon Scott de Martinville, kudala ngaphambi kokutholakala kwegilamafoni nguThomas Edison, wenza ukuqoshwa kokuqala komsindo ephepheni eliphathwe ngendlela ekhethekile. indlela. Usosayensi ngokwakhe akazange anamathisele ukubaluleka kwaleli qiniso, ukuhlolwa kwakhe kwakunomgomo ohluke ngokuphelele. Futhi kuphela ngo-2008, ososayensi baseLawrence National Laboratory (USA), besebenzisa ubuchwepheshe besimanje be-optical, baphinde bakhiqiza imisindo eqoshwe emaphepheni ephepha agcinwe kungobo yomlando.

SV Rachmaninov - "Mbonge uJehova, mphefumulo wami ..."

Umbhali - uVictoria Denisova