Ikhalenda lomculo - Meyi

UMay unikeze abalandeli bomculo we-classic amagama amaningana amakhulu abaqambi nabalingisi umsebenzi wabo osuhlale amakhulu eminyaka. Phakathi kwabo: P. Tchaikovsky, I. Brahms, A. Lyadov, V. Sofronitsky, R. Wagner. Ama-premiere ambalwa athokozisayo enzekile kule nyanga, phakathi kwawo okukhona okokuqala kwe-opera ka-W. Mozart ethi Le nozze di Figaro kanye ne-symphony ka-L. Beethoven yesi-9.

Abaqambi abaphushe imingcele yesikhathi sabo

2 May 1660 iminyaka wazalelwa ePalermo, e-Italy U-Alessandro Scarlatti. Kunamabala amhlophe anele kumlando wakhe. Kodwa into eyodwa ayinakuphikwa - lo mqambi waba umsunguli wesikole esikhulu kunazo zonke se-opera yaseNeapolitan ekupheleni kwekhulu le-120. Ubukhulu befa lakhe lokudala buyamangalisa. U-Scarlatti yedwa ubhale ama-opera angaphezu kuka-600. Futhi ngaphezu kwama-cantatas angama-200, cishe izixuku eziyi-XNUMX, ama-madrigals, ama-oratorio, ama-motets. Phakathi kwabafundi kukhona indodana yomqambi uDomenico Scarlatti, owaziwa kakhulu ngabashayi bopiyano abasebasha ngama-sonatina akhe; UFrancesco Durante, umbhali womculo wesonto, uGeorg Friedrich Handel osemncane.

7 May 1833 iminyaka wazalwa Johannes uBrahms, owalandela uR. Schumann ku-romanticism yomculo waseJalimane. Esebenza esikhathini sokudlondlobala kwezinhlobo ezintsha zomculo weshashalazi nowohlelo, umqambi wafakazela ngomsebenzi wakhe ukusebenza kwezinhlobo zasendulo, okuthuthukiswe isimo sengqondo somculi wesimanje. Iziqongo zomsebenzi kaBrahms zazingama-symphonies angu-4, abonisa izici ezihlukahlukene zombono wakhe womhlaba.

Ngalolo suku, 7 May 1840 iminyaka umqambi omkhulu kunabo bonke, uthisha, umqhubi, uthisha emlandweni wobuciko bomculo womhlaba weza emhlabeni - Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky. Wawubona umsebenzi wakhe kwezobuciko engxoxweni eneqiniso neqotho nezilaleli ngezinkinga ezibakhathazayo. Umsebenzi oqhubekayo wansuku zonke ekudalweni komculo wawuyincazelo yonke yempilo yakhe.

Indlela yomqambi yayingelula, abazali bakhe babefuna ukumbona njengommeli futhi insizwa yaphoqeleka ukuba ilalele intando yabo futhi ithole imfundo efanele. Kodwa umphefumulo wakhe wawufisa umculo, futhi uTchaikovsky washiya inkonzo ngenxa yomsebenzi womqambi. I-maestro ingumsunguli emkhakheni we-ballet. Wabeka umculo we-ballet ngokulingana nobungcweti be-opera nobuciko be-symphonic, okufakazela ukuthi ungasetshenziswa kuphela emvelweni (uhambisane nomdanso). Ama-ballet nama-opera akhe awashiyi esiteji semidlalo yeshashalazi.

11 May 1855 iminyaka kwazalwa ummeleli wesizukulwane esisha sabaqambi baseRussia - Anatoly Lyadov. Umnyombo womsebenzi wakhe yizinganekwane zaseRussia. Imisebenzi yakhe ibonakala ngamazwi okuzindla acashile, ukuvezwa kwemvelo ngobuciko, kanye nokuhlangana okuphilayo kwezakhi zohlobo. Into eyinhloko kuye kwakuyinhlanganisela yobuhle obungavamile nokuvumelana kohlobo. Phakathi kwemisebenzi yakhe engcono kakhulu kukhona ama-miniatures we-orchestra "Kikimora" kanye "uBaba Yaga", i-ballad edumile "Mayelana ne-Antiquity", izinhlelo zezingoma zomdabu. ULyadov wazibonakalisa njengomfundisi onekhono. Abafundi bakhe kwakunguB. Asafiev, S. Prokofiev, N. Myaskovsky.

15 May 1567 iminyaka ummeleli oqhakazile weRenaissance wazalwa, UClaudio Monteverdi. Yena, njengoba kwakungekho muntu ngaleso sikhathi, wakwazi ukuveza usizi lokuphila ku-opera, ukuveza ukujula kwabalingiswa babantu. UMoneverdi wenqabile imithetho ebekwe imvelo futhi wakholelwa ukuthi umculo kufanele ulandele lokho okufunwa inhliziyo, futhi ungangeneli ezingqungqutheleni. Ukuthandwa okukhulu komqambi kwaletha ukukhiqizwa ngo-1607 eMantua ye-opera "Orpheus".

22 May 1813 iminyaka umguquli omkhulu kunabo bonke ohlotsheni lwe-opera weza emhlabeni Richard Wagner. Ama-opera akhe okuqala awukuhlonipha isiko. Umfutho wokucatshangelwa kabusha kwalolu hlobo kwakuyizehlakalo zoguquko eYurophu maphakathi nekhulu lesi-XNUMX. UWagner ubuyekeze imibono yakhe yobuciko futhi wayichaza ezincwadini ezimbalwa zethiyori. Bathola ukuqoshwa komculo ku-tetralogy ethi "Ring of the Nibelung".

Master virtuosos

1 May 1873 iminyaka kwazalwa ummeleli ogqamile wesikole sopiyano saseRussia Konstantin Igumnov. Abalaleli baphawule isimo sakhe sengqondo esikhethekile ngopiyano nasekudlaleni, njengokungathi uqhuba inkhulumomphendvulwano nomlaleli. U-Igumnov ungomunye wabadlali abangazange baphishekele imiphumela yangaphandle, kodwa benza upiyano bacule.

Njengothisha, u-Igumnov wayeqinile kubafundi bakhe. Wabafundisa iqiniso lobuciko, imvelo ekwenzeni, umnotho kanye nokulinganisa ngezindlela ezisetshenziswayo. Kokubili ekudlaleni kwakhe nasekusebenzeni kwabafundi bakhe, wazuza ukuthamba, ubumnandi bomsindo, imisho yepulasitiki ekhululayo.

8 May 1901 iminyaka Petersburg, kwazalwa omunye umdlali wopiyano ovelele - UVladimir Sofronitsky. Lo mculi uhlukile, ngeke aqhathaniswe nanoma yimuphi ozakwabo. Ukuhumusha kwakhe kopiyano kwaqhathaniswa nemidwebo kaVrubel, izinkondlo zikaBlok, nezincwadi zikaGreen. Abagxeki baphawula ukuthi ukusebenza kukaSofronitsky "kuyi-hypnosis yomculo", isivumo somculi esingagwegwesi.

UVladimir Sofronitsky - I-Absolute Pitch

Umdlali wopiyano wayethanda amahholo amancane, izilaleli “zakhe”. Akazange akubekezelele ukusebenza ngendlela ecatshangelwayo, ecatshangwayo. Sofronitsky wafunda izinhlelo zakhe ngokucophelela, isikhathi eside. Ngisho nasezingomeni eziphindaphindwayo, wakwazi ukuthola umsindo ohlukile.

Ama-premieres

Ngo-May 1, 1786 e-Vienna "Burgtheater" kwakuyi-premiere yabathandekayo bezigidi zabalandeli be-opera, ephethwe nguW. Mozart, "Umshado we-Figaro". Lo msebenzi usethe uhlobo lwerekhodi: wumsebenzi omdala kunayo yonke ohlale usemculweni wawo wonke ama-opera aphambili emhlabeni.

NgoMeyi 7, 1824, eVienna, eCarinthian Gate Theatre, kwadlalwa okokuqala ngqa kwe-symphony yesi-9 ka-L. Beethoven. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi kwakumbalwa ukuzilolonga, futhi amaphuzu ayengafundiwe kahle, ukusebenza kwenza kwaba nemiphumela emihle. Futhi nakuba u-Beethoven ngokwakhe engakwazi ukuqhuba ngenxa yokungezwa okuphelele, wema ekhoneni lesiteji futhi wabonisa umphathi weqembu I. Umlauf i-tempo yokunyakaza ngakunye. Ukuze umqambi abone ukuthi yini intokozo eyatholwa izethameli, izethameli zajikijela amaduku nezigqoko, abaningi bakhala. Ukungenelela kwamaphoyisa kuphela okungathulisa umphakathi. Kusukela ekuchichimeni kwemizwa, uBeethoven walahlekelwa izinzwa.

L. Beethoven - i-Symphony No. 9 - imisakazo evela kufilimu ethi "Rewriting Beethoven"

Umbhali - uVictoria Denisova