Ikhalenda lomculo - Julayi

UJulayi umqhele wehlobo, isikhathi sokuphumula, ukululama. Emculweni le nyanga ibingacebile ngemicimbi nasemidlalweni esezingeni eliphezulu.

Kodwa kuneqiniso elilodwa elithakazelisayo: ngoJulayi, abaculi abadumile bazalwa - ochwepheshe bezobuciko bezwi, abadumile abasaphila - laba nguTamara Sinyavskaya, u-Elena Obraztsova, uSergei Lemeshev, uPraskovya Zhemchugova. Ukuphakama kwehlobo kuphawulwa ukuzalwa kwabaqambi abadumile nabadlali bezinsimbi: uLouis Claude Daquin, uGustav Mahler, uCarl Orff, uVan Cliburn.

Abaqambi Abadumile

4 July 1694 unyaka owazalwa umqambi ongumFulentshi, u-harpsichordist kanye nomshayi wezinsimbi Louis Claude Daquin. Ngesikhathi sokuphila kwakhe, waduma njengomuntu onekhono lokuthuthuka kanye ne-virtuoso. U-Daken usebenze ngesitayela se-Rococo, abacwaningi bomsebenzi wakhe bakholelwa ukuthi ngemisebenzi yakhe yobungcweti ecwengisisiwe wayelindele ukuvezwa kohlobo lwakudala kwekhulu lesi-XNUMX. Namuhla umqambi ujwayelene nabadlali njengombhali wesiqephu esidumile se-harpsichord "I-Cuckoo", ehlelelwe izinsimbi eziningi kanye nama-ensembles abaculi.

7 July 1860 unyaka umqambi wase-Austrian weza emhlabeni, othathwa njengesazi se-expressionism, Gustav Mahler. Emibhalweni yakhe, wayefuna ukuthola indawo yomuntu emhlabeni omzungezile, eqeda inkathi yefilosofi yomculo wothando. Umqambi wathi kwakungamjabulisanga ukwazi ukuthi kukhona abahlupheka endaweni ethile. Isimo sengqondo esinjalo ngokoqobo senza ukuba angakwazi ukufeza yonke into evumelanayo emculweni.

Emsebenzini wakhe, imijikelezo yezingoma yayixhumene kakhulu nemisebenzi ye-symphonic, okuholele ekuqanjweni kwe-symphony-cantata "Ingoma Yomhlaba" esekelwe ezinkondlweni zaseShayina zekhulu lesi-XNUMX.

10 July 1895 unyaka kwaba khona UCarl Orff, umqambi ongumJalimane, incwadi ngayinye entsha eyabangela ukugxeka nokuphikisana. Wayefuna ukuhlanganisa imibono yakhe ngezindinganiso zaphakade, eziqondakalayo. Ngakho-ke ukunyakaza "kubuyela kokhokho", isikhalo sasendulo. Eqamba ama-opuses akhe, u-Orff akazange ahambisane nezindinganiso zesitayela noma uhlobo. Ukuphumelela komqambi kwaletha i-cantata "Carmina Burana", kamuva eyaba yingxenye yokuqala ye-triptych "Triumphs".

UCarl Orff ubelokhu ekhathazekile ngokukhuliswa kwesizukulwane esisha. Ungumsunguli weMunich School of Music, Dance and Gymnastics. Futhi isikhungo semfundo yomculo, esakhiwe eSalzburg ngokuhlanganyela kwakhe, saba isikhungo samazwe ngamazwe sokuqeqesha othisha bomculo ezikhungweni zasenkulisa, bese kuba sezikoleni zasesekondari.

Abadlali be-Virtuoso

6 July 1943 unyaka Umculi wazalelwa eMoscow, obizwa ngokufanele ngokuthi yi-prima donna ehloniphekile, Tamara Sinyavskaya. Wathola i-intern eBolshoi Theatre esemncane kakhulu, eneminyaka engu-20 ubudala, futhi engenamfundo ye-conservatory, okwakuphambene nemithetho. Kodwa ngemva konyaka, umculi wayesevele engenele abalingisi abakhulu, futhi ngemva kwamanye amahlanu, wayeseyedwa esiteji se-opera esihle kunazo zonke emhlabeni.

Intombazane emomothekayo, enobudlelwane eyayikwazi ukubekezelela izithiyo futhi ilwe kanzima nobunzima, ngokushesha yaba intandokazi yeqembu. Futhi ithalente lakhe lokulingisa kanye nekhono lokujwayela indima lenza ukuba enze izingxenye zesifazane hhayi kuphela, kodwa nalezo zithombe zesilisa nentsha ezazibhalelwe i-mezzo-soprano noma i-contralto, isibonelo: uVanya wase-Ivan Susanin noma u-Ratmir. kusuka kuRuslan noLyudmila.

7 July 1939 unyaka kwazalwa umculi omkhulu wesikhathi sethu, Elena Obraztsova. Umsebenzi wakhe waziwa njengento evelele emculweni womhlaba. UCarmen, uDelila, uMarta ekusebenzeni kwakhe kubhekwa njengemizimba engcono kakhulu yabalingiswa abamangalisayo.

U-Elena Obraztsova wazalelwa eLeningrad emndenini wonjiniyela. Kodwa ngokushesha umndeni wathuthela eTaganrog, lapho intombazane yaphothula khona esikoleni esiphakeme. Ngengozi yakhe futhi engozini, ngokumelene nezifiso zabazali bakhe, u-Elena wenza umzamo wokungena eLeningrad Conservatory, okwaba yimpumelelo. Umculi wenza i-debut yakhe esiteji se-Bolshoi, ngenkathi esengumfundi. Futhi ngemva nje kokuthweswa iziqu okumangalisayo, waqala ukuvakashela zonke izindawo ezihamba phambili emhlabeni.

10 July 1902 unyaka wabonakala emhlabeni Sergey Lemeshev, kamuva owaba iculo lomculo eliculayo elivelele esikhathini sethu. Wazalelwa esifundazweni saseTver emndenini womlimi olula. Ngenxa yokushona kukayise ekuseni, umfana kwadingeka asebenze kanzima ukuze asize unina. Umculi wesikhathi esizayo waqala ukuhlanganyela emazwini ngengozi. Insizwa nomfowabo omdala badla amahhashi becula izingoma. Bezwa unjiniyela u-Nikolai Kvashnin edlula. Wacela uSergei ukuba afunde kumkakhe.

Ngo isiqondiso Komsomol Lemeshev uba umfundi eMoscow Conservatory. Ngemva kokuphothula iziqu, ukhonza eSverdlovsk Opera House, bese e-Russian Opera eHarbin. Khona-ke kwakukhona uTiflis, futhi kuphela lapho uBig, lapho umculi wamenyelwa khona ukuhlolwa. Ingxenye eculwa ngokukhazimulayo kaBerendey evela ku-The Snow Maiden yamvulela iminyango yesiteji esikhulu sezwe. Ubambe iqhaza emikhiqizweni engaphezu kuka-30. indima yakhe edume kakhulu kwaba ingxenye Lensky, okuyinto wayenza izikhathi 501.

12 July 1934 unyaka edolobheni elincane laseMelika iShreveport, kwazalwa umdlali wopiyano owathandana nezigidi zabalaleli e-USSR, Van Cliburn. Umfana waqala ukufunda upiyano kusukela eneminyaka engu-4 ngaphansi kokuqondisa kukanina. Umdlali wopiyano osemusha wahlatshwa umxhwele kakhulu ukusebenza kukaSergei Rachmaninov, owanikeza enye yamakhonsathi akhe okugcina eShreveport. Umfana wasebenza kanzima, futhi lapho eneminyaka engu-13, ngemva kokuwina umncintiswano, wathola ilungelo lokucula ne-Houston Orchestra.

Ukuze aqhubeke nemfundo yakhe, le nsizwa yakhetha iJuilliard School of Music eNew York. Kwaba impumelelo enkulu kuCliburn ukuthi wangena ekilasini likaRosina Levina, umdlali wopiyano odumile owaphothula eMoscow Conservatory ngesikhathi esifanayo noRachmaninoff. Nguye owaphikelela ukuthi uVan Cliburn abambe iqhaza kuMqhudelwano Wokuqala weTchaikovsky, owawuse-USSR, futhi waze wamkhipha umfundaze walolu hambo. Ijaji, eliholwa D. Shostakovich, ngazwilinye lanikeza ukunqoba kumuntu osemusha waseMelika.

В usuku lokugcina lukaJulayi 1768 esifundazweni Yaroslavl kwazalwa umndeni serfs UPraskovya Kovaleva (Zhemchugova). Lapho ngineminyaka engu-8, ngenxa yekhono lakhe elihle kakhulu lokukhuluma, wakhulela endaweni kaMarta Dolgoruky eduze kwaseMoscow. Le ntombazane yakwazi kalula ukufunda nomculo, idlala ihabhu nehabhu, isiNtaliyane nesiFulentshi. Ngokushesha, intombazane enamakhono yaqala ukwenza e-Sheremetyev Theatre ngaphansi kwegama lokuqamba elithi Praskovia Zhemchugova.

Phakathi kwemisebenzi yakhe ehamba phambili kukhona u-Alzved (“The Village Sorcerer” kaRousseau), uLouise (“The Deserter” by Monsigny), indima yakhe kuma-opera kaPaisello kanye nama-opera aseRussia okuqala kaPashkevich. Ngo-1798, umculi wathola inkululeko futhi ngokushesha washada nendodana Count Peter Sheremetyev, Nikolai.

Louis Claude Daquin - Cuckoo

Umbhali - uVictoria Denisova