I-Video Pinza (Ezio Pinza) |

Ezio Pinza

I-Pinza iyi-bass yokuqala yase-Italy yekhulu lesi-XNUMX. Wabhekana kalula nazo zonke izinkinga zobuchwepheshe, ehlaba umxhwele nge-bel canto ebabazekayo, umculo nokunambitha okuntekenteke.

U-Ezio Fortunio Pinza wazalwa ngoMeyi 18, 1892 eRoma, indodana yombazi. Lapho befuna umsebenzi, abazali baka-Ezio bathuthela eRavenna ngemva nje kokuzalwa kwakhe. Kakade eneminyaka eyisishiyagalombili, umfana waqala ukusiza uyise. Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo, ubaba wayengafuni ukubona indodana yakhe iqhubeka nomsebenzi wayo - wayephupha ukuthi u-Ezio uzoba umculi.

Kodwa amaphupho amaphupho, futhi ngemva kokulahlekelwa umsebenzi kayise, u-Ezio kwadingeka ashiye isikole. Manje wayesesekela umkhaya wakhe ngokusemandleni akhe. Lapho eneminyaka eyishumi nesishiyagalombili, u-Ezio wabonisa ithalenta lokuhamba ngebhayisikili: emqhudelwaneni owodwa omkhulu eRavenna, wathatha indawo yesibili. Mhlawumbe uPinza wamukela inkontileka yeminyaka emibili enenzuzo, kodwa uyise waqhubeka ekholelwa ukuthi ubizo luka-Ezio lwalucula. Ngisho nesinqumo sikathisha ohamba phambili waseBolognese u-Alessandro Vezzani asizange simpholise uPinza omdala. Washo ngokungagwegwesi: “Lo mfana akanazwi.”

Ngokushesha uCesare Pinza waphikelela ekuhlolweni nomunye uthisha e-Bologna - Ruzza. Ngalesi sikhathi, imiphumela yokuhlolwa yayinelisa kakhulu, futhi uRuzza waqala amakilasi nge-Ezio. Ngaphandle kokuyeka umsebenzi wokubaza, uPinza washeshe wathola imiphumela emihle kwezobuciko bezwi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngemva kukaRuzza, ngenxa yokugula okuqhubekayo, akakwazanga ukuqhubeka nokumfundisa, u-Ezio wazuza umusa kaVezzani. Wayengaqondi nokuthi umculi osemncane owafika kuye wake waliwa nguye. Ngemva kokuba uPinza ecule ingoma ye-opera ethi “Simon Boccanegra” ka-Verdi, uthisha ohlonishwayo akazange adunyiswe. Akagcinanga ngokuvuma ukwamukela u-Ezio phakathi kwabafundi bakhe, kodwa futhi wamncoma e-Bologna Conservatory. Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba umculi wesikhathi esizayo wayengenayo imali yokukhokhela izifundo zakhe, uVezzani wavuma ukumkhokhela "i-stipend" yezimali zakhe.

Eminyakeni engamashumi amabili nambili, uPinza uba umdlali oyedwa oneqembu elincane le-opera. Udlala indima yakhe yokuqala endimeni ka-Oroveso (“Norma” Bellini), indima enomthwalo wemfanelo, esiteji eSancino, eduze kwaseMilan. Ngemva kokuthola impumelelo, u-Ezio umlungisa ePrato (“Ernani” kaVerdi kanye “noManon Lescaut” kaPuccini), Bologna (“La Sonnambula” kaBellini), Ravenna (“Intandokazi” kaDonizetti).

IMpi Yezwe Yokuqala yaphazamisa ukukhula okusheshayo komculi osemusha - uchitha iminyaka emine ebuthweni.

Ngemva kokuphela kwempi uPinza wabuyela ekuculeni. Ngo-1919, umqondisi we-Rome Opera wamukela umculi njengengxenye yeqembu lemidlalo yaseshashalazini. Futhi yize uPinza edlala izindima eziphakeme, ukhombisa nethalente elivelele kuzo. Lokhu akuzange kuqashelwe umqhubi odumile u-Tullio Serafin, owamemela uPinza eTurin Opera House. Ngemva kokucula izingxenye ezimbalwa ze-bass lapha, umculi unquma ukuhlukumeza "inqaba enkulu" - "La Scala" kaMilan.

Umbhidisi omkhulu u-Arturo Toscanini wayelungiselela i-Die Meistersinger kaWagner ngaleso sikhathi. Umbhidisi uthande indlela uPinz adlale ngayo indima kaPogner.

Ukuba ngumculi oyedwa eLa Scala, kamuva, ngaphansi kokuqondisa kukaToscanini, uPinza wacula kuLucia di Lammermoor, Aida, Tristan no-Isolde, uBoris Godunov (Pimen) namanye ama-opera. Ngo-May 1924, uPinza, kanye nabahlabeleli abahamba phambili baseLa Scala, bacula ekubonisweni kokuqala kwe-opera kaBoito ethi Nero, eyavusa isithakazelo esikhulu emhlabeni womculo.

"Amakhonsathi ahlangene noToscanini kwakuyisikole sangempela sekhono eliphezulu kakhulu lomculi: banikeze umculi okuningi ukuqonda isitayela semisebenzi ehlukahlukene, ukufeza ubunye bomculo namagama ekusebenzeni kwakhe, kwasiza ukuqonda ngokugcwele uhlangothi lobuchwepheshe. ubuciko bezwi,” kusho uVV Timokhin. UPinza wayephakathi kwabambalwa uToscanini abone kufanele ukubabalula. Ngesinye isikhathi, ekuziqeqesheni kukaBoris Godunov, wathi ngoPints, owayedlala indima kaPimen: "Ekugcineni, sithole umculi okwazi ukucula!"

Iminyaka emithathu, umculi wenza esiteji "La Scala". Ngokushesha kokubili iYurophu neMelika zazi ukuthi uPinza wayengomunye wamabhesi anesiphiwo kakhulu emlandweni we-opera yase-Italy.

Uhambo lokuqala lwaphesheya uPinza aluchitha eParis, futhi ngo-1925 umculi ucula eColon Theatre eBuenos Aires. Ngemuva konyaka, ngoNovemba, uPinza uzokwenza umdlalo wakhe wokuqala kuSpontini's Vestal eMetropolitan Opera.

Kwaphela iminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi amabili Pintsa wahlala soloist unomphela yaseshashalazini kanye umhlobiso qembu. Kodwa hhayi kuphela emidlalweni ye-opera lapho uPinz ebabaza ochwepheshe ababefuna kakhulu. Uphinde wadlala ngempumelelo njengomculi oyedwa nama-orchestra amaningi e-symphony ase-US avelele.

U-VV Timokhin uyabhala: “Izwi likaPintsa - ibhesi ephezulu, umlingiswa othize, elihle kakhulu, eliguquguqukayo futhi eliqinile, elinohlu olukhulu - lisebenze umdwebi njengendlela ebalulekile, kanye nokulingisa okucabangelayo nokunolaka, ukudala impilo, izithombe zasesiteji eziyiqiniso. . Iqoqo elicebile lezindlela ezivezwayo, kokubili amazwi kanye namadrama, umculi osetshenziswe ngobuhle bangempela. Ukuthi indima yayidinga ama-pathos abuhlungu, ukubhuqa kwe-caustic, ubulula obubabazekayo noma amahlaya acashile, wayehlala ethola ithoni elungile nemibala egqamile. Ekuhunyushweni kwePinza, ngisho nabalingiswa abakude nabamaphakathi bathola ukubaluleka okukhethekile nencazelo. Umdwebi wayazi ukuthi angabanikeza kanjani abalingiswa abaphilayo futhi ngakho-ke nakanjani wadonsela ukunaka kwezilaleli kumaqhawe akhe, ebonisa izibonelo ezimangalisayo zobuciko bokuphindukuzalwa. Akumangalisi ukuthi ukugxekwa kwezobuciko kwama-20s kanye nama-30s kumbize ngokuthi "uChaliapin osemusha."

UPinza wayethanda ukuphinda ukuthi kunezinhlobo ezintathu zabaculi be-opera: labo abangadlali nhlobo esiteji, abakwazi ukulingisa nokukopisha amasampula abanye abantu, futhi, ekugcineni, labo abalwela ukuqonda nokwenza indima yabo ngendlela yabo. . Laba bakamuva kuphela, ngokusho kukaPinza, abafanelwe ukubizwa ngamaciko.

U-Pinz the vocalist, i-basso cantante evamile, wayekhangwe yizwi lakhe elishelelayo, ikhono lobuchwepheshe elicwengekile, amagama amahle nomusa ongavamile, okwamenza walingisa kuma-opera ka-Mozart. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, iphimbo lomculi lalingase lizwakale linesibindi futhi libonisa intshiseko, ngendlela ezwakalayo. NjengomNtaliyane ngobuzwe, uPince wayesondelene kakhulu ne-operatic repertoire yase-Italy, kodwa umculi wenza okuningi kuma-opera abaqambi baseRussia, baseJalimane nabaseFrance.

I-Contemporaries yabona u-Pinz njengomculi we-opera oguquguquka kakhulu: ingoma yakhe yayihlanganisa izingoma ezingaphezu kuka-80. Izindima zakhe ezinhle kakhulu zibhekwa njengoDon Juan, Figaro ( "Umshado kaFigaro"), uBoris Godunov noMephistopheles ( "Faust").

Engxenyeni yeFigaro, uPinza ukwazile ukudlulisa bonke ubuhle bomculo kaMozart. I-Figaro yakhe ilula futhi ijabule, ihlakaniphile futhi ihlakaniphile, ihlukaniswa ngobuqotho bemizwa nethemba elingalawuleki.

Ngempumelelo ethile, wadlala ku-opera ethi “Don Giovanni” kanye nethi “The Marriage of Figaro” eyayiqhutshwa uBruno Walter ngesikhathi soMkhosi odumile weMozart (1937) ezweni lakubo lomqambi - eSalzburg. Kusukela lapho, lapha wonke umculi odlala indima kaDon Giovanni noFigaro ubelokhu eqhathaniswa noPinza.

Umculi wayehlale ephatha ukusebenza kukaBoris Godunov ngomthwalo wemfanelo omkhulu. Emuva ngo-1925, eMantua, uPinza wacula ingxenye yeBoris okokuqala ngqa. Kodwa wakwazi ukufunda zonke izimfihlo indalo brilliant Mussorgsky ngokubamba iqhaza ukukhiqizwa Boris Godunov e Metropolitan (endimeni Pimen) kanye Chaliapin omkhulu.

Mangisho ukuthi uFedor Ivanovich wamphatha kahle uzakwabo wase-Italy. Ngemva komunye wemidlalo, wanga uPinza wamqinisa futhi wathi: “Ngimthanda kakhulu uPimen wakho, Ezio.” U-Chaliapin wayengazi ngaleso sikhathi ukuthi uPinza wayezoba indlalifa yakhe yokuqala. Entwasahlobo ka-1929, Fedor Ivanovich washiya Metropolitan, futhi umbukiso Boris Godunov wayeka. Eminyakeni eyishumi kuphela kamuva ukusebenza kwaqalwa kabusha, futhi uPinza wadlala indima enkulu kuyo.

“Lapho esebenza emfanekisweni, wafunda ngokucophelela izinto zomlando waseRussia kusukela ekubuseni kukaGodunov, umlando wokuphila womqambi, kanye nawo wonke amaqiniso ahlobene nokudalwa komsebenzi. Ukuhumusha komculi kwakungeyona imvelo kububanzi obukhulu bokuchazwa kuka-Chaliapin - ekusebenzeni kweciko, amagama ahlabelelayo nokuthambile kwakungaphambili. Noma kunjalo, abagxeki babheka indima ye-Tsar Boris njengempumelelo enkulu yePinza, futhi kule ngxenye waba nempumelelo enhle kakhulu, "kubhala u-VV Timokhin.

Ngaphambi kweMpi Yezwe II, uPinza wadlala kakhulu ezindlini ze-opera zaseChicago naseSan Francisco, wavakashela eNgilandi, eSweden, eCzechoslovakia, kwathi ngo-1936 wavakashela e-Australia.

Ngemva kwempi, ngo-1947, wacula kafushane nendodakazi yakhe uClaudia, umnikazi we-lyric soprano. Ngesizini ka-1947/48, ucula okokugcina eMetropolitan. Ngo-May 1948, ngokudlala kukaDon Juan edolobheni laseMelika iCleveland, wavalelisa esiteji se-opera.

Nokho, amakhonsathi alo mculi, imidlalo yakhe yomsakazo nethelevishini kuseyimpumelelo emangalisayo. UPinza ukwazile ukufeza okungenakwenzeka kuze kube manje - ukuqoqa abantu abayizinkulungwane ezingamashumi amabili nesikhombisa ngobusuku obubodwa esiteji sangaphandle saseNew York "Isiteji saseLewison"!

Kusukela ngo-1949, uPinza ubelokhu ecula kuma-operetta (Southern Ocean kaRichard Rogers no-Oscar Hammerstein, uFanny kaHarold Rome), elingisa kumafilimu (uMnu Imperium (1950), uCarnegie Hall (1951), This Evening we sing” (1951) .

Ngenxa yesifo senhliziyo, lo mculi wayeka ukudlala esidlangalaleni ehlobo lika-1956.

UPinza washona ngoMeyi 9, 1957 eStamford (USA).