Indlela yokwakha izikhawu zesici kunoma yimuphi ukhiye?

Namuhla sizokhuluma ngendlela yokwakha izikhawu zesici kunoma yimuphi ukhiye: omkhulu noma omncane. Okokuqala udinga ukuqonda ukuthi yiziphi izikhawu zesici ezijwayelekile, ukuthi zivela kanjani nokuthi zakhiwe ngaziphi izigaba.

Okokuqala, izikhawu zesici ziyizikhawu, okungukuthi, izinhlanganisela zemisindo emibili emculweni noma ngokuvumelana. Kukhona izikhawu ezahlukene: okuhlanzekile, ezincane, ezinkulu, njll Kulokhu, sizoba nesithakazelo ezikhathini ezandayo nezinciphayo, okungukuthi imizuzwana eyandisiwe neyesihlanu, eyehla eyesikhombisa neyesine (zine kuphela zazo, kulula kakhulu khumbula -).

Lezi zikhathi zibizwa ngokuthi isici ngoba zivela kuphela ku-harmonic enkulu noma encane ngenxa yokwenyuka nokuncipha kwamadigri "isici" salezi zinhlobo ezinkulu nezincane. Kusho ukuthini lokhu? Njengoba wazi, ku-harmonic enkulu i-degree yesithupha yehliswa, futhi ku-harmonic encane eyesikhombisa iyaphakanyiswa.

Ngakho-ke, kunoma yiziphi izikhawu zesici ezine, imisindo eyodwa (ephansi noma ephezulu) izoba yilesi sinyathelo "sesici" (VI esiphansi, uma siphezulu, noma siphezulu VII, uma sisebancane).

Ungazakha kanjani izikhawu zesici?

Manje ake siqhubekele ngqo embuzweni wokuthi singazakha kanjani izikhawu zesici ezincane noma ezinkulu. Lokhu kwenziwa kalula kakhulu. Okokuqala udinga ukucabangela ukhiye oyifunayo, bhala, uma kunesidingo, izimpawu zayo eziyinhloko, futhi ubale ukuthi yikuphi umsindo "uphawu" lapha. Futhi-ke ungahamba ngezindlela ezimbili.

Indlela yokuqala ivela ku-axiom elandelayo: . Bona ukuthi isebenza kanjani.

Isibonelo 1. Izikhawu zesici kokuthi C omkhulu no-C omncane

 Isibonelo 2. Izikhawu zesici kokuthi F okukhulu kanye no-F okuncane

Isibonelo 3. Izikhawu zesici ku-A omkhulu no-A omncane

 Kuzo zonke lezi zibonelo, sibona ngokucacile ukuthi zonke izinhlobo zemizuzwana ekhuphukayo enengxenye yesine enciphile ngokwezwi nezwi "ijikeleza" esinyathelweni sethu somlingo (ngikukhumbuza ukuthi ngokuyinhloko "isinyathelo somlingo" singokwesithupha, kanti esincane singesesikhombisa). Esibonelweni sokuqala, lezi zinyathelo zigqanyiswe ngomaka ophuzi.

Indlela yesibili – futhi inketho: mane wakhe izikhawu ezidingekayo ngezinyathelo ezidingekayo, ikakhulukazi njengoba sesiwazi umsindo owodwa. Kulolu daba, lesi sibonakaliso sizokusiza kakhulu (kunconywa ukuthi usidwebe encwadini yakho yokubhalela):

 Kunemfihlo eyodwa lesi sibonakaliso esingakhunjulwa ngayo kalula. Qhubeka nomsebenzi omuhle: ngokuyinhloko, zonke izikhawu ezandisiwe zakhiwe ngezinga lesithupha elehlisiwe; emancane, zonke izikhawu ezinciphile zakhelwe endaweni yesikhombisa ephakeme!

Ingasisiza kanjani le mfihlo? Okokuqala, sesivele sazi ukuthi yiliphi izinga lezikhawu ezimbili kwezine ezakhiwayo (kungaba ipheya elinciphile - elesine nelesikhombisa, noma ipheya yokukhuphuka - eyesihlanu neyesibili).

Okwesibili, ngemva kokwakha leli pheya lezikhawu (isibonelo, zombili zinyukile), cishe sithola ngokuzenzakalelayo ipheya yesibili yezikhawu zesici (zombili zehla) - sidinga nje "sikubheke phansi" lokho esikwakhile.

Kungani kunjalo? Yebo, ngoba ezinye izikhawu zivele ziphenduke zibe ezinye ngokomgomo wokubonisa isibuko: isekhondi liphenduka libe okwesikhombisa, okwesine libe okwesihlanu, izikhawu ezincishisiwe lapho ziguqulwa zibe zanda futhi okuphambene nalokho… Ungangikholwa? Zibonele!

Isibonelo 4. Izikhawu zesici kokuthi D ezinkulu kanye no-D ezincane

Isibonelo 5. Izikhawu zesici kokuthi G omkhulu no-G omncane

 Zixazululwa kanjani izikhawu zesici kokukhulu nokuncane?

Izikhawu zesici zikangwaqa azizinzile futhi zidinga ukulungiswa okulungile kongwaqa bethonikhi abazinzile. Umthetho olula uyasebenza lapha: ngokulungiswa kwe-tonic, izikhawu ezikhulayoAmanani adinga ukunyuswa, futhi ukwehla kudinga ukwehliswa.

 Kulokhu, noma yimuphi umsindo ongazinzile uvele uguqule ube oseduze ozinzile. Futhi ngezikhawu ezimbalwa₅- ingqondo₄ ngokuvamile, umsindo owodwa kuphela (isinyathelo "esithakazelisayo") esidinga ukuxazululwa, njengoba umsindo wesibili kulezi zikhathi kuyisinyathelo sesithathu esizinzile esihlala sikhona. Futhi izinyathelo zethu "ezithakazelisayo" zihlale zixazululwa ngendlela efanayo: okwesithupha okuphansi kuvame ukuya kweyesihlanu, futhi okwesikhombisa okuphakanyisiwe kuya kweyokuqala.

Kuvela lokho isekhondi elengeziwe lixazululwa libe ngelesine eliphelele, futhi elesikhombisa elinciphile lixazululwa libe ingxenye yesihlanu ephelele; okwesihlanu okukhulisiwe, okukhulayo, kudlulela kokukhulu kwesithupha lapho kuxazululiwe, futhi okwesine okunciphile, okunciphile, kudlulela kwesithathu esincane.

Isibonelo 6. Izikhawu zesici ku-E omkhulu no-E omncane

Isibonelo 7. Izikhawu zesici ku-B omkhulu no-B omncane

Ingxoxo mayelana nalezi zikhawu ezipholile, yebo, ingaqhubeka ngokungapheli, kodwa sizoma lapho manje. Ngizovele ngingeze amagama ambalwa: ungaphambanisi izikhawu zesici nama-tritones. Yebo, ngempela, ipheya lesibili lama-tritones livela ngezindlela ezivumelanayo (ipheya elilodwa le-uv₄ ngengqondo₅ futhi iku-diatonic), nokho, sicabangela ama-tritone ngokwehlukana. Ungafunda kabanzi mayelana ne-newts lapha.

Ngikufisela impumelelo ekufundeni umculo! Kwenze umthetho: uma uthanda impahla, yabelana ngayo nomngane usebenzisa izinkinobho zokuxhumana!