John Field (Insimu) |

John Field

Nakuba ngingakamuzwa izikhathi eziningi, ngisakhumbula edlala kahle, eqinile, ethambile futhi ehlukile. Kwakubonakala sengathi kwakungeyena owashaya izihluthulelo, kodwa iminwe ngokwayo yawela phezu kwabo, njengamaconsi amakhulu emvula, futhi yahlakazeka njengamaparele ku-velvet. M. Glinka

Umqambi odumile wase-Ireland, umdlali wopiyano kanye nothisha u-J. Field waxhumanisa isiphetho sakhe nesiko lomculo laseRussia futhi waba negalelo elikhulu ekuthuthukisweni kwawo. UField wazalelwa emndenini wabaculi. Wathola imfundo yakhe yokuqala yomculo kumculi, u-harpsichord kanye nomqambi u-T. Giordani. Lapho eneminyaka eyishumi ubudala, umfana onethalente wakhuluma obala okokuqala ngqa ekuphileni kwakhe. Ngemva kokuthuthela eLondon (1792), waba umfundi kaM. Clementi, umshayi wopiyano nomqambi ovelele, ngaleso sikhathi owayesengumkhiqizi wopiyano okhuthele. Phakathi nenkathi yaseLondon yokuphila kwakhe, uField wabonisa izinsimbi esitolo sikaClementi, waqala ukunikeza amakhonsathi, futhi waphelezela uthisha wakhe ohambweni lwaphesheya. Ngo-1799, uField wenza okokuqala ikhonsathi yakhe yokuqala yepiyano, eyalethela udumo. Ngaleyo minyaka, ukusebenza kwakhe kwaba ngempumelelo eLondon, Paris, Vienna. Encwadini ayibhalela umshicileli nomkhiqizi womculo u-I. Pleyel, uClementi uncome u-Field njengengcweti ethembisayo eyabe isiyintandokazi yomphakathi ezweni lakubo ngenxa yezingoma zayo namakhono okucula.

1802 - ingqophamlando ebaluleke kunazo zonke ekuphileni Field: kanye nothisha wakhe, uza eRussia. Petersburg, umculi osemusha, ngokudlala kwakhe okumangalisayo, akhangisa ngokufaneleka kwamapiyano kaClementi, wenza ngempumelelo enkulu ezindaweni zokucwala izicukuthwane, futhi ujwayelana nobuciko bomculo baseRussia. Kancane kancane, uba nesifiso sokuhlala eRussia kuze kube phakade. Indima enkulu kulesi sinqumo cishe yadlalwa yiqiniso lokuthi wamukelwa ngemfudumalo umphakathi waseRussia.

Impilo kaField eRussia ixhumene namadolobha amabili - iSt. Petersburg neMoscow. Kulapha lapho umsebenzi wakhe wokuqamba, ukwenza kanye nokufundisa wembuleka khona. UField ungumbhali wamakhonsathi wepiyano angu-7, ama-sonata angu-4, ama-nocturnes angaba ngu-20, imijikelezo ehlukahlukene (kuhlanganise nezindikimba zesiRashiya), amapholona opiyano. Umqambi uphinde wabhala i-arias nezothando, 2 i-divertissements yepiyano nezinsimbi zomculo wezintambo, i-piano quintet.

Umkhakha waba umsunguli wohlobo olusha lomculo - i-nocturne, eyabe ithola ukuthuthukiswa okukhazimulayo emsebenzini kaF. Chopin, kanye nenani labanye abaqambi. Izimpumelelo zobuhlakani zikaField kule ndawo, ukuqamba kwakhe kwathakaselwa kakhulu nguF. Liszt: “Ngaphambi kweField, imisebenzi yepiyano nakanjani kwakufanele kube ama-sonata, ama-rondo, njll. lapho umuzwa kanye nehubo kunamandla amakhulu futhi kuhamba ngokukhululeka, kungaboshiwe yizibopho zezinhlobo zobudlova. Wavula indlela yazo zonke lezo zingoma ezavela ngemuva kwesihloko esithi “Izingoma Ezingenawo Amagama”, “Impromptu”, “Ama-Ballads”, njll., futhi wayengukhokho wale midlalo, okuhloswe ngayo ukuveza okuhlangenwe nakho kwangaphakathi nokomuntu siqu. Wavula lezi zindawo, ezihlinzeka ngephupho elicwengekile ngaphezu kobukhosi, ukuze bathole ugqozi esikhundleni se-lyrical, njengentsha njengenkundla ehloniphekile.

Isitayela sokuqamba kanye nokwenza kukaField sihlukaniswa ngomculo omnandi kanye nokuvezwa komsindo, amagama ahlabelelayo kanye nezinkanuko zothando, ukwenza ngcono kanye nokuba yinkimbinkimbi. Ukucula kupiyano - okungenye yezici ezibaluleke kakhulu zesitayela sokudlala sikaField - kwamthakazelisa kakhulu u-Glinka nabanye abaculi abaningi baseRussia abavelele kanye nezingcweti zomculo. Ubumnandi bukaField babufana nengoma yomdabu yaseRussia. U-Glinka, eqhathanisa indlela yokudlala kaField neyabanye abadlali bopiyano abadumile, wabhala ku-Zapiski ukuthi “Ukudlala kukaField kwakuvame ukuba nesibindi, kungabi nandaba futhi kuhluke, kodwa akazange abunukise ubuciko ngobuwaka futhi akazange aqobe ngeminwe. ama-cutletsnjengezidakwa eziningi ezisanda kuzalwa.”

Igalelo leField emfundweni yabashayi bopiyano abasebasha baseRussia, ochwepheshe nabayizimfundamakhwela, libalulekile. Imisebenzi yakhe yokufundisa yayibanzi kakhulu. UField unguthisha ofunwayo nohlonishwayo emindenini eminingi ehloniphekile. Wafundisa abaculi bakamuva abavelele njengo-A. Verstovsky, A. Gurilev, A. Dubuc, Ant. I-Kontsky. U-Glinka wathatha izifundo ezimbalwa ku-Field. V. Odoevsky wafunda naye. Engxenyeni yokuqala yama-30s. UField wenze uhambo olukhulu e-England, France, Austria, Belgium, Switzerland, Italy, baziswa kakhulu ababuyekezi kanye nomphakathi. Ekupheleni kuka-1836, e-Moscow, e-Moscow, ekhonsathini yokugcina ye-Field egula kakhulu, futhi ngokushesha wafa umculi omangalisayo.

Igama nomsebenzi kaField kunendawo ehloniphekile nehlonishwayo emlandweni womculo waseRussia. Umsebenzi wakhe wokuqamba, wokudlala nowokufundisa waba nesandla ekwakhiweni nasekuthuthukisweni komculo wopiyano waseRussia, kwavula indlela yokuvela kwenani labalingisi nabaqambi abaningi baseRussia abavelele.

A. Nazarov