UFrançois-André Philidor |

UFrancois-Andre Philidor

Enkantolo yenkosi yaseFrance uLouis XIII, kwasebenza i-oboist emangalisayo uMichel Danican Philidor, ongowomndeni wakwaCouperin waseFrance. Ngolunye usuku kwadingeka eze esigodlweni ukuze ahlanganyele ekhonsathini elandelayo yenkosi, eyayimbheke ngabomvu. Lapho umculi evela esigodlweni, uLouis wababaza: “Ekugcineni, uPhilidor usebuyile!” Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kuqhubeke, i-oboist yesigodlo yaqala ukubizwa ngokuthi iPhilidor. Nguye owaba umsunguli wozalo oluyingqayizivele lwabaculi baseFrance abavelele.

Ummeleli odume kakhulu walo bukhosi nguFrancois André Philidor.

Wazalwa ngo-September 7, 1726 edolobheni elincane laseDreux, enkabeni yeFrance. Uthole imfundo yakhe yomculo e-Imperial School of Versailles, efunda ngaphansi kokuqondisa kukaCampra. Ngemva kokuphothula izifundo zakhe ngokukhalipha, wehluleka nokho ukuthola idumela lokuba umculi nomculi owaziwayo. Kodwa kwakulapha kanye lapho elinye ithalenta elingangabazeki likaPhilidor lazibonakalisa ngokugcwele, okwenza igama lakhe laziwa emhlabeni wonke! Kusukela ngo-1745, wadabula eJalimane, eHolland naseNgilandi futhi waqashelwa emhlabeni wonke njengomdlali wokuqala we-chess, iqhawe lomhlaba. Uba ngumdlali we-chess okhokhelwayo. Ngo-1749, incwadi yakhe ethi Chess Analysis yanyatheliswa eLondon. Ucwaningo oluphawulekayo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi lubonakala luxakile, lubalulekile nanamuhla. Njengoba esezitholele indlela yokuziphilisa, uPhilidor wayengajahile ukuthuthuka ngethalente lakhe lomculo futhi ngo-1754 kuphela wamemezela ukubuya kwakhe emculweni nge-motet ethi "Lauda Jerusalem", ebhalelwe i-Versailles Chapel.

Kufanele kukhulunywe lapha ukuthi emuva ngo-1744, ngaphambi kwe-chess epic eyalandela, uPhilidor, kanye noJean Jacques Rousseau, babamba iqhaza ekwakhiweni kwe-ballet yamaqhawe "Le Muses galantes". Kungaleso sikhathi lapho umqambi eqala khona ukubhala umculo weshashalazi.

Manje uPhilidor useba umdali wohlobo lomculo waseFrance nolwaseshashalazini - i-comic opera (opera comigue). Eyokuqala kuma-comic opera amaningi, uBlaise the Shoemaker, yadlalwa eParis ngo-1759. Iningi lemidlalo yasesiteji eyalandela nayo yenziwa eParis. Umculo kaPhilidor uyinkundla yaseshashalazini kakhulu futhi uthinta ngokuzwela zonke izinguquko zesiteji futhi awuvezi nje kuphela amahlaya, kodwa nezimo zezingoma.

Imisebenzi kaFelidor yaba yimpumelelo enkulu. Ngokokuqala ngqa eParis, (ngaleso sikhathi ayizange yamukelwe), umqambi wabizwa esiteji ukuze ashaye ihlombe elinamandla. Lokhu kwenzeka ngemva kokusebenza kwe-opera yakhe ethi "The Sorcerer". Sekuyiminyaka engaphezu kweshumi, kusukela ngo-1764, ama-opera kaPhilidor abelokhu edumile naseRussia. Zadlalwa izikhathi eziningi eSt. Petersburg naseMoscow.

Enesiphiwo samakhono amakhulu okudala, uPhilidor wakwazi ukuhlanganisa emisebenzini yakhe ukuqina kobuchwepheshe babaqambi baseJalimane ngomculo omnandi wamaNtaliyane, ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa umoya wezwe, ngenxa yokuthi izingoma zakhe zaba nethonya elikhulu. Phakathi neminyaka engu-26 wabhala ama-lyric opera angu-33; okuhle kakhulu kubo: “Le jardiniere et son Seigneur”, “Le Marechal ferrant”, “Le Sorcier”, “Ernelinde”, “Tom Jones”, “Themistocle” kanye “Persee”.

Ukuza kweNguquko Enkulu YaseFrance kwaphoqa uPhilidor ukuba ashiye izwe lakubo futhi akhethe iNgilandi njengesiphephelo sakhe. Lapha umqambi womdlalo wamahlaya waseFrance waphila izinsuku zakhe zokugcina ezimnyama. Ukufa kwafika eLondon ngo-1795.

UViktor Kashirnikov