Felix Weingartner |

Felix Weingartner

U-Felix Weingartner, omunye wabaqhubi abakhulu emhlabeni, ubambe indawo ekhethekile emlandweni wobuciko bokuqhuba. Njengoba eqale umsebenzi wakhe wobuciko ngesikhathi u-Wagner no-Brahms, uLiszt no-Bülow besaphila futhi bedala, u-Weingartner waqeda uhambo lwakhe kakade phakathi nekhulu lethu leminyaka. Ngakho-ke, lo mculi waba, njengokungathi, isixhumanisi phakathi kwesikole esidala esiqhubayo sekhulu lesi-XNUMX kanye nobuciko bokuqhuba besimanje.

U-Weingartner uvela eDalmatia, wazalelwa edolobheni laseZadar, ogwini lwase-Adriatic, emndenini wesisebenzi seposi. Ubaba washona lapho uFeliksi esemncane, futhi umkhaya wathuthela eGraz. Lapha, umqhubi wesikhathi esizayo waqala ukufunda umculo ngaphansi kokuqondisa kukanina. Ngo-1881-1883, u-Weingartner wayengumfundi eLeipzig Conservatory ekuhlanganiseni nasekuqhubeni amakilasi. Phakathi kothisha bakhe kukhona u-K. Reinecke, S. Jadasson, O. Paul. Eminyakeni yakhe yomfundi, ithalente elidlalayo lomculi osemusha laqala ukuzibonakalisa: ekhonsathini yabafundi, wenza ngobuhlakani i-Second Symphony kaBeethoven njengesikhumbuzo. Nokho, lokhu kwamlethela kuphela isihlamba Reinecke, owayengathandi ukuzethemba okunjalo umfundi.

Ngo-1883, u-Weingartner wenza i-debut yakhe yokuzimela e-Königsberg, kwathi ngemva konyaka i-opera yakhe ethi Shakuntala yadlalwa e-Weimar. Umbhali ngokwakhe wachitha iminyaka eminingana lapha, eba umfundi nomngane Liszt. Lona wakamuva wamncoma njengomsizi kaBülow, kodwa ukubambisana kwabo akuzange kuhlale isikhathi eside: U-Weingartner akazange athande inkululeko u-Bülow ayeyivumele ekuchazeni kwakhe okungasoze kwabuna, futhi akazange angabaze ukumtshela ngakho.

Ngemva kweminyaka eminingana yokusebenza eDanzig (Gdansk), Hamburg, Mannheim, Weingartner kakade ngo-1891 waqokwa umqhubi wokuqala weRoyal Opera kanye Symphony Concerts e Berlin, lapho wasungula idumela lakhe njengomunye wabaqhubi ehamba phambili German.

Futhi kusukela ngo-1908, i-Vienna isibe yisikhungo somsebenzi we-Weingartner, lapho athatha khona indawo ka-G. Mahler njengenhloko ye-opera kanye ne-Philharmonic Orchestra. Lesi sikhathi futhi siphawula ukuqala kodumo lomhlaba lomculi. Uvakashela kakhulu kuwo wonke amazwe aseYurophu, ikakhulukazi eNgilandi, ngo-1905 ewela ulwandle okokuqala, futhi kamuva, ngo-1927, wenza e-USSR.

Ukusebenza eHamburg (1911-1914), Darmstadt (1914-1919), umculi akahlukani neVienna futhi ubuyela lapha njengomqondisi weVolksoper kanye nomqhubi weVienna Philharmonic (kuze kube ngu-1927). Wabe esezinza eBasel, lapho aqhuba khona iqembu le-orchestra, wafundela ukuqamba izingoma, wahola ikilasi eliqhuba e-conservatory, elizungezwe udumo nenhlonipho.

Kwabonakala sengathi i-maestro esekhulile ngeke iphinde ibuyele emsebenzini wobuciko osebenzayo. Kodwa ngo-1935, ngemva kokuba uClemens Kraus ehambile eVienna, umculi oneminyaka engamashumi ayisikhombisa nambili waphinde wahola i-State Opera futhi wadlala kuMkhosi waseSalzburg. Nokho, hhayi isikhathi eside: ukungezwani nabaculi ngokushesha kwamphoqa ukuthi ashiye phansi. Yiqiniso, ngisho nangemva kwalokho, u-Weingartner wayesewatholile amandla okuthatha uhambo olukhulu lwekhonsathi eMpumalanga Ekude. Futhi kuphela ngemva kwalokho wagcina ehlala eSwitzerland, lapho afela khona.

Udumo luka-Weingartner lwaluncike kakhulu ekuchazeni kwakhe ama-symphonies ka-Beethoven nabanye abaqambi bakudala. Ubukhazikhazi bemiqondo yakhe, ukuvumelana kwezindlela namandla ashukumisayo ezincazelo zakhe kwenza kwaba nethonya elikhulu ezilalelini. Omunye wabagxeki wabhala: “UWeingartner ungumfundi wakudala ngokwesimo sengqondo nesikole, futhi uzizwa engcono kakhulu ezincwadini zasendulo. Ukuzwela, ukuzithiba kanye nobuhlakani obuvuthiwe kunikeza ukusebenza kwakhe isicukuthwane esimangalisayo, futhi kuvame ukuthiwa ubukhulu obubabazekayo beBeethoven yakhe abunakufinyelelwa yinoma yimuphi omunye umqhubi wesikhathi sethu. U-Weingartner uyakwazi ukuqinisekisa umugqa we-classical wesiqephu somculo ngesandla esihlala sigcina ukuqina nokuzethemba, uyakwazi ukwenza inhlanganisela ye-harmonic ecashile kakhulu kanye nokungafani okubuthakathaka kakhulu kuzwakale. Kodwa mhlawumbe ikhwalithi ephawuleka kakhulu ka-Weingartner yisipho sakhe esingavamile sokubona umsebenzi uwonke; unomqondo ongokwemvelo we-architectonics.”

Abathandi bomculo bangaqiniseka ngobuqiniso bala mazwi. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi usuku oluhle kakhulu lomsebenzi wobuciko ka-Weingartner luwela eminyakeni lapho indlela yokuqopha yayisaphelele, ifa lakhe lihlanganisa inani elibalulekile lokurekhodiwe. Ukufundwa okujulile kwawo wonke ama-symphonies ka-Beethoven, iningi lemisebenzi yama-symphonic ka-Liszt, Brahms, Haydn, Mendelssohn, kanye nama-waltze ka-I. Strauss, agcinelwe izizukulwane. U-Weingartner ushiye imisebenzi eminingi yemibhalo neyomculo equkethe imicabango ebaluleke kakhulu kubuciko bokuqhuba nokuchazwa kwezingoma ngazinye.

L. Grigoriev, J. Platek