Eduardas Balsys |

Eduard Balsy

U-E. Balsis ungomunye wabaculi abavelele kakhulu baseSoviet Lithuania. Umsebenzi wakhe njengomqambi, uthisha, umculi womculo kanye nomsakazi awunakuhlukaniswa nokuchuma kwesikole sabaqambi baseLithuania ngesikhathi sangemva kwempi. Kusukela ekupheleni kweminyaka yama-50s. ungomunye wabaphathi bayo abaphambili.

Indlela yokudala yomqambi iyinkimbinkimbi. Ebuntwaneni bakhe ixhunywe edolobheni Ukraine Nikolaeva, bese umndeni uthuthela Klaipeda. Phakathi nale minyaka, ukuxhumana nomculo kwaba ngengozi. Ebusheni bakhe, uBalsis wenza umsebenzi omningi - wafundisa, wayethanda ezemidlalo, futhi ngo-1945 kuphela wangena eKaunas Conservatory ekilasini likaProfesa A. Raciunas. Iminyaka yokufunda e-Leningrad Conservatory, lapho athatha khona izifundo ze-postgraduate noProfesa V. Voloshinov, yahlala phakade enkumbulweni yomqambi. Ngo-1948, u-Balsis waqala ukufundisa eVilnius Conservatory, lapho kusukela ngo-1960 ephethe umnyango wokwakhiwa. Phakathi kwabafundi bakhe kukhona abaqambi abaziwayo njengo-A. Brazhinskas, G. Kupryavicius, B. Gorbulskis nabanye. i-opera, i-ballet. Umqambi akazange azinake kancane izinhlobo zekamelo - waphendukela kubo ekuqaleni komsebenzi wakhe (String Quartet, Piano Sonata, njll.). Kanye nezinhlobo zakudala, ifa le-Balsis lihlanganisa izingoma ze-pop, izingoma ezidumile, umculo wemidlalo yaseshashalazini ne-cinema, lapho asebenzisana nabaqondisi abahamba phambili baseLithuania. Ekuhlanganyeleni okuqhubekayo kwezinhlobo zokuzijabulisa nezingathi sína, umqambi wabona izindlela zokucebisa ngazo zombili.

Ubuntu bokudala buka-Balsis babonakala ngokuvutha njalo, ukucinga izindlela ezintsha - izingoma zezinsimbi ezingavamile, amasu ayinkimbinkimbi olimi lomculo noma izakhiwo zokuqala zokuqamba. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, wayehlala ehlala engumculi waseLithuania ngempela, i-melodist ekhanyayo. Esinye sezici ezibaluleke kakhulu zomculo ka-Balsis ukuxhumana kwawo nenganekwane, ayeyisazi esijulile. Lokhu kufakazelwa izinhlelo zakhe eziningi zezingoma zomdabu. Umqambi wayekholelwa ukuthi ukuhlanganiswa kobuzwe nokuqanjwa kabusha “kuzoqhubeka nokuvula izindlela ezintsha ezithakazelisayo zokuthuthukisa umculo wethu.”

Impumelelo enkulu yokudala ye-Balsis ixhumene ne-symphony - lokhu kungumehluko wakhe kusukela kusiko lomculo wamakwaya esiko lesizwe kanye nomthelela omkhulu esizukulwaneni esisha sabaqambi baseLithuania. Kodwa-ke, ukubonakaliswa kwemibono yakhe ye-symphonic akuyona i-symphony (akazange akhulume ngayo), kodwa uhlobo lwekhonsathi, i-opera, i-ballet. Kuzo, umqambi usebenza njengengcweti yokuthuthukiswa kwe-symphonic yefomu, i-timbre-sensitive, i-orchestration enemibala.

Umcimbi omkhulu womculo e-Lithuania kwakuyi-ballet ethi Eglė the Queen of the Serpents (1960, lib.), esekelwe lapho kwenziwa khona ifilimu-i-ballet yokuqala e-republic. Lena inganekwane yesintu esankondlo emayelana nokwethembeka nothando lokunqoba ububi nokukhohlisa. Imidwebo yasolwandle enemibala egqamile, izigcawu ezigqamile zohlobo lwesintu, iziqephu zamagama ezinomoya we-ballet zingezamakhasi ahamba phambili omculo waseLithuania. Itimu yolwandle ingenye yemisebenzi ayintandokazi ka-Balsis (ngeminyaka yawo-50s wenza uhlelo olusha lwenkondlo ye-symphonic ethi "The Sea" ka-MK Ngo-1980, umqambi uphinde waphendukela endikimbeni yasolwandle. Kulokhu ngendlela edabukisayo - ngo-XNUMX. i-opera Uhambo oluya eTilsit (okusekelwe endabeni emfushane yegama elifanayo lomlobi ongumJalimane u-X. Zuderman "Izindaba ZaseLithuania", lib. own). Lapha u-Balsias wasebenza njengomqambi wohlobo olusha lwe-opera yaseLithuania - i-symphonized psychological. idrama yomculo, ezuza njengefa isiko lika-A. Berg's Wozzeck.

Ukuba yisakhamuzi, isithakazelo ezinkingeni ezivuthayo zesikhathi sethu kwabonakala ngamandla athile ezingomeni zamakhwaya zaseBalsis, ezibhalwe ngokubambisana nezimbongi ezinkulu zaseLithuania - E. Mezhelaitis kanye no-E. Matuzevičius (ama-cantatas "Ukuletha Ilanga" kanye "Nenkazimulo Kuyo." Lenin!") Futhi ikakhulukazi - ku-oratorio esekelwe ezinkondlweni zembongi V. Palchinokayte "Ungathinti imbulunga eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka", (1969). Ngalo msebenzi, owaqala ukwenziwa e-Wroclaw Music Festival ngo-1969, lapho umsebenzi ka-Balsis wathola ukuqashelwa ezweni lonke futhi wangena esigabeni somhlaba. Emuva ngo-1953, umqambi waba ngowokuqala emculweni waseLithuania ukukhuluma nendikimba yomzabalazo wokuthula eNkondlo Yeqhawe, eyithuthukisa kuma-Dramatic Frescoes wepiyano, i-violin ne-orchestra (1965). I-oratorio iveza ubuso bempi esicini sayo esibi kakhulu - njengababulali bezingane. Ngo-1970, ekhuluma engqungqutheleni yamazwe ngamazwe ye-ISME (International Association of Children's Music Education) ngemva kokudlala kwe-oratorio ethi “Ungathinti imbulunga eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka,” u-D. Kabalevsky wathi: “I-oratorio ka-Eduardas Balsis ingumsebenzi odabukisayo ocacile. lokho kushiya umbono ongenakucimeka nokujula komcabango, amandla okuzwa, ukucindezeleka kwangaphakathi. Izindlela zobuntu zomsebenzi ka-Balsis, ukuzwela kwakhe osizini nasekujabuleni kwesintu kuzohlala kuseduze nesimanjemanje, isakhamuzi sekhulu lesi-XNUMX.

G. Zhdanova