Tonic |

tonic (i-French tonique, inothi tonique; нtm. Tonika) – isikhungo. isici sephimbo; ithoni eyinhloko, ngokusho kuka-Krom, lonke uhlelo luthola igama layo (ku-C-dur kanye ne-c-moll - umsindo do o), kanye ne-chord-stay eyinhloko, lapho le modi yakhiwe khona (ku-C-dur , i-chord ce- g, in c-moll – c-es-g); igama - T. I-Tonic - isisekelo, indawo yokuqala kanye nokuqedwa kwama-harmonics. inqubo, isikhungo esinengqondo semicabango ye-harmonic, isib. ustoy (ukuhlala ku-Krom kuzwakala njengomzuzu wokuphumula, ikakhulukazi lapho ubuyela ku-T., ukuxazululwa kokucindezeleka kokusebenza). Kuhlelo olusebenzayo lwe-harmonic of tonality, isenzo sika-T. izwakala ngokuqondile kulo lonke uhlobo lobumnyama obubodwa (inkathi, izingxenye ezimbili nezintathu; isibonelo, endikimbeni yengxenye yokuqala ye-sonata ye-piano ye-1 ka-Beethoven, isigaba sokuqala somdlalo othi "January" kusukela "Izinkathi Zonyaka". ” Tchaikovsky); isethi ye-modulation efanayo. isenzo somunye uT. (lokhu kuchaza ukuxhumana phakathi kwendima yesenzo sika-T. kanye nokwakhiwa kwezindikimba, ukuvezwa kwamafomu omculo). Amandla kaT. ku-harmonic esebenzayo. Uhlelo lwe-tonality lunqunywa izici eziningana: uhlobo lwama-muses. okuqukethwe, okugcwele umqondo wokunengqondo. ukufakwa endaweni eyodwa; ukukhethwa kwesilinganiso esiyi-diatonic ngesisekelo futhi asiqukethe i-tritone kunoma yimiphi imisindo ye-T.; inhlangano ye-fret isebenzisa "i-triple proportion" (imisebenzi S - T - D), efaka isandla ekuqinisweni okuphezulu kwesikhungo-T; imethrikhi egcizelela isisindo sesiphetho. izikhathi ze-cadence (okubizwa ngokuthi izinyathelo ezinzima - 4th, 8th - njengezisekelo zemethrikhi, ezifana ne-T.; bheka i-Tonality). Njengesigaba somculo ukucabanga kuka-T. kungenye yezinhlobo zesikhungo (ukwesekwa) esisebenza njengokwesekwa ekwakhekeni kwesistimu ebalulekile yobudlelwano be-pitch (bheka iLad). Ukuhambisana nokubaluleka kwesigaba T. njengoba isikhungo esinjalo sisivumela ukuthi sinwebe lesi sikhathi esikhungweni. izakhi zezinye izinhlelo (ezinhlotsheni zomculo wesintu, izwe lasendulo, izindlela zenkathi ephakathi, ukuvumelana kwe-Renaissance, izindlela ezilinganayo zekhulu le-19-20, amasistimu anethoni emaphakathi noma i-chord emculweni wekhulu lama-20). Kodwa-ke, kuyadingeka ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwezinhlobo zezikhungo (izisekelo) - i-baroque ne-classical-romantic. T. (ka-J. S. Bakh, W. A. Mozart, F. Chopin, R. Wagner, M. I. Glinka, S. V. Rachmaninov), wekhulu leminyaka. finalis (okuthi, ngokungafani ne-T. yakudala, ingase ingangeni kumculo wonke kanye nesenzo sayo; isibonelo, ku-antiphons Miserere mei Deus I tone, Vidimus stellam ejus IV tone), T. ukhiye omusha wekhulu lama-20. (ngokwesibonelo, u-tonic G ku-opera ethi Wozzeck kaBerg, inkimbinkimbi ephikisayo u-T. ku-orc. hlangana phakathi kwezigcawu zesi-4 nezi-5 zesenzo sesi-3 se-opera efanayo), isikhungo. ithoni (ithoni mi ekuqaleni nesiphetho se-Penderecki's Dies irae), maphakathi. iqembu (isiqephu sokuqala esivela ku-Schoenberg's Lunar Pierrot), ukusetshenziswa kwe-quasi-tonic kochungechunge (isibonelo, ingxenye yokuqala ye-E. V.

References: bheka ngaphansi kwezihloko ezithi Tonality, Mode, Harmony.

Yu. N. Kholopov