Okulotshiweyo |

lat. transcriptio, lit. – ukubhala kabusha

Ukuhlelwa, ukucubungula umsebenzi womculo, onenani elizimele lobuciko. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zokuloba: ukuguqulwa komsebenzi kwenye insimbi (isibonelo, ukulotshwa kwepiyano kwephimbo, i-violin, ukwakheka kwe-orchestra noma izwi, i-violin, ukulotshwa kwe-orchestral kokuqanjwa kwepiyano); ushintsho (ngenhloso yokwenza kube lula kakhulu noma ukulunga okukhulu) kwesethulo ngaphandle kokushintsha ithuluzi (izwi) umsebenzi ohloselwe lona ekuqaleni. Ama-paraphrases kwesinye isikhathi abakwa ngephutha ohlotsheni lokulotshiweyo.

Ukuloba kunomlando omude, empeleni ubuyela emuva ekulotshweni kwezingoma nemidanso yezinsimbi ezihlukahlukene ngekhulu le-16 nele-17. Ukuthuthukiswa kokubhala ngokufanele kwaqala ngekhulu le-18. (okulotshiweyo, ikakhulukazi kwe-harpsichord, yemisebenzi ka-JA Reinken, A. Vivaldi, G. Telemann, B. Marcello nabanye, okuphethwe ngu-JS Bach). Esitezi sokuqala. Imibhalo yepiyano yekhulu le-1, ehlukaniswa ngobuhle bohlobo lwe-salon, yanda (imibhalo kaF. Kalkbrenner, A. Hertz, Z. Thalberg, T. Döhler, S. Heller, AL Henselt, nabanye); ngokuvamile yayiyizingoma ezithandwayo ze-opera.

Indima evelele ekudaluleni amathuba obuchwepheshe nawombala wepiyano idlalwe ukulotshwa kwekhonsathi okuningi ka-F. Liszt (ikakhulukazi izingoma zika-F. Schubert, izingoma zika-N. Paganini nezingcezu zama-opera ka-WA ​​Mozart, R. Wagner, G. Verdi; esewonke amalungiselelo angaba ngu-500) . Imisebenzi eminingi kulolu hlobo idalwe abalandela kanye nabalandeli baka-Liszt – K. Tausig (i-toccata ka-Bach ne-fugue in d-moll, “I-Military March” ka-Schubert ngo-D-dur), HG von Bülow, K. Klindworth, K. Saint -Saens, F. Busoni, L. Godovsky nabanye.

U-Busoni no-Godowsky bangongcweti abakhulu bokulotshwa kwepiyano kwesikhathi sangemva kohlu; owokuqala wabo waduma ngemibhalo yakhe yezincwadi zikaBach (toccatas, ama-chorale preludes, njll.), uMozart noLiszt (i-Spanish Rhapsody, i-etudes ngemuva kwe-caprices kaPaganini), okwesibili ngokuzijwayeza kwakhe izingcezu ze-harpsichord zekhulu le-17-18. , ama-etudes ka-Chopin kanye nama-waltzes ka-Strauss.

U-Liszt (kanye nabalandeli bakhe) ubonise indlela ehluke kakhulu ohlotsheni lokuloba kunabanduleli bakhe. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, waphula ngendlela yabadlali bopiyano be-salon yesitezi sokuqala. Ikhulu le-1 ukugcwalisa okulotshiwe ngamavesi angenalutho angahlangene nomculo womsebenzi futhi ahloselwe ukukhombisa izimfanelo ezinhle zomdlali; ngakolunye uhlangothi, wabuye wasuka ekukhiqizeni kabusha ngokwezwi nezwi ngokweqile kombhalo wokuqala, ebheka ukuthi kungenzeka futhi kudingekile ukunxephezela ukulahlekelwa okungenakugwenywa kwezinye izici zobuciko obuphelele lapho kubhalwa ezinye izindlela ezinikezwa ithuluzi elisha.

Emibhalweni ye-Liszt, i-Busoni, i-Godowsky, isethulo se-pianistic, njengomthetho, sihambisana nomoya nokuqukethwe komculo; ngesikhathi esifanayo, izinguquko ezihlukahlukene emininingwaneni yomculo nokuvumelana, isigqi nefomu, ukubhaliswa nokuhola kwezwi, njll., kuvunyelwe ekwethulweni, okubangelwa imininingwane ethile yensimbi entsha (umbono ocacile we lokhu kunikezwa ngokuqhathanisa ukulotshwa kwe-Paganini caprice efanayo - E-dur No 9 ka-Schumann no-Liszt).

Ingcweti evelele yokubhala i-violin kwakungu-F. Kreisler (ukuhlelwa kwezingcezu zika-WA ​​Mozart, Schubert, Schumann, njll.).

Uhlobo olungavamile lokuloba yi-orchestral (isibonelo, Izithombe zika-Mussorgsky-Ravel Embukisweni).

Uhlobo lokuloba, ikakhulukazi upiyano, ngesiRashiya (AL Gurilev, AI Dyubyuk, AS Dargomyzhsky, MA Balakirev, AG Rubinshtein, SV Rachmaninov) nomculo wamaSoviet (AD Kamensky, II Mikhnovsky, SE Feinberg, DB Kabalevsky, GR Ginzburg, NE Perelman , TP Nikolaeva, njll.).

Izibonelo ezinhle kakhulu zokuloba (“Inkosi Yehlathi” ka-Schubert-Liszt, “Chaconne” ka-Bach-Busoni, njll.) inenani elihlala njalo lobuciko; nokho-ke, inala yemibhalo eqoshiwe yezinga eliphansi edalwe ama-virtuosos ahlukahlukene yalulaza lolu hlobo futhi yaholela ekunyamaleni kwayo ohlwini lwabadlali abaningi.

References: Isikole sokuloba upiyano, comp. Kogan GM, vol. 1-6, M., 1970-78; Busoni F., Entwurf einer neuen Ästhetik der Tonkunst, Trest, 1907, Wiesbaden, 1954

GM Kogan