Ukushintsha |

Ukuguqulwa (kusuka ku-Latin transpositio - permutation) - ukudluliswa (ukuguqulwa) kwama-muses. isebenza kusuka komunye ukhiye kuya komunye. T. isetshenziswa kakhulu ku-wok. ukuzijwayeza njengendlela yokwenza umculo. umkhiqizo. ku-tessitura elungele umculi. Ibuye isetshenziswe ekulobeni umculo. umkhiqizo. okwe k.-l. ithuluzi uma kwenzeka ububanzi be-prod. ayifani namakhono aleli thuluzi. Enqubweni ye-T., yonke imisindo idluliselwa phezulu noma phansi esikhaleni esihambisana nesilinganiso sephimbo sephimbo lokuqala nelisha. Nge-T. isemitone phezulu noma phansi, ngezinye izikhathi izimpawu eziyisihluthulelo nezingahleliwe kuphela ezingashintsha, futhi amanothi ahlala efana (isibonelo, T. ukusuka ku-C-dur kuya ku-Cis-dur noma ku-Ces-dur). T. ingenziwa futhi ngokufaka ukhiye kanye nengozi ngayo; amanothi agcinwa ezindaweni ezifanayo, isibonelo. ukusuka esikhundleni se-clef sol nge-bass clef, u-T wakhiwa ingxenye encane yesithupha phansi nge-octave. Abaphelezeli abanolwazi bangadlulisa okuhambisanayo besebenzisa amanothi akhiqiziwe. ngephimbo langempela. Abanye abadlali bezinsimbi bayakwazi ukudlulisa ucezu olufundiwe ngendlebe. Emikhiqizweni ye-opera kusetshenziswe i-T. otd. i-arias noma amaqembu aphelele kukhiye olungele umculi, isibonelo. U-PI Tchaikovsky uguqulele umculi u-MD Kamenskaya (mezzo-soprano) ingxenye ye-soprano kaJoanna ekusekeleni "I-Maid of Orleans". Wok. umkhiqizo. (izothando, izingoma) ngokuvamile azishicilelwa kukhiye wokuqala, kodwa futhi ku-T. ngamanye amazwi.

I-T. iyindlela ebalulekile yokubunjwa, ukuthuthukiswa emculweni (isibonelo, izingqikithi ze-T. zezingxenye zesibili nezokuphetha ku-reprise yefomu le-sonata). Ekuvezweni kwe-fugue, impendulo yangempela (bheka i-Fugue) iyindikimba ye-T kukhiye ohlukile; ekuthuthukisweni kwe-fugue, itimu idluliselwa kokhiye abahlukene. I-T. iphinde isetshenziswe emidlalweni yamafomu amancane (ukuphindaphinda kwetimu kwezinye izihluthulelo, isibonelo, ku-prelude kaScriabin, op. 2 No 2).

Kuhlelo lokuxazulula lwe-Guido d'Arezzo, ukwakheka kwesikali se-hexachord “ethambile” ukusuka ku-f kwathathwa njenge-T. ye-hexachord “yemvelo” (kusuka ku-C) okwesine kuya phezulu ngokwehlisa u-si – b quadratum (h) ngo-b i-rotundum (b). Kwakukhona ama-hexachord amabili anjalo ohlelweni: i-hexachord primum “ethambile” (yesine) kanye ne-hexachord “soft” secundum (yesi-4). Kusukela ngekhulu le-6 T. abadlali abaqeqeshwe ngezinsimbi zekhibhodi; ngakho-ke, ngokwesibonelo, umshayi-ogani kwakudingeka akwazi ukuzivumelanisa nenqubo yesonto. ukucula iphimbo lomqashwa kanye nekhwaya. Ku-dodecaphony, i-T. isetshenziswa uma kudluliselwa imodi kunoma yimaphi amadigri angu-16 omoya. isakhiwo.

VA Vikhromeev