Izinsimbi zokudlulisa |

German transponierende Instrumente transposing amathuluzi

Izinsimbi zomculo, iphimbo langempela elingahambisani nombhalo, liyahluka kulo ngesikhawu esithile (phezulu noma phansi - kuye ngokuthi i-tessitura yemvelo nokuhlelwa kwezinsimbi).

Ku-T. kanye. ngezamathuluzi ezindlebeni zomoya wethusi. izinsimbi (izimpondo, amacilongo, amakhonethi, izinhlobonhlobo ze-tuba, ama-saxhorns), pl. ama-woodwinds (imindeni yama-clarinet, ama-saxophone, izinhlobonhlobo ze-oboe - uphondo lwesiNgisi, i-oboe d'amour, i-huxlphone); unjani. kungabuye kubhekwe njengemicibisholo enezintambo, eyakhelwe kabusha ethile. isikhawu – ngenhla noma ngaphansi kwesilungiselelo sabo esivamile (bona i-Scordatura). Ku-T. kanye. futhi kufaka phakathi izinsimbi ezizwakala njenge-octave ephansi kune-notation (i-double bass, contrabassoon) noma i-octave ephakeme (i-piccolo flute, celesta, xylophone, bells), kodwa empeleni lokhu akukona ukuguqulwa, njengoba izinyathelo zesikali zigcina amagama azo. . yemvelo uchungechunge lwemisindo ehambisana nedivayisi yensimbi (yezinsimbi zomoya zethusi - isilinganiso semvelo se-overtones), ye-T. kanye. kubhalwe kukhiye we-C-dur. Kuye ngokulungiswa (ukushuna) kwezinsimbi, imisindo ephawulwe ku-C-dur empeleni izwakala isikhawu esicacisiwe siphakeme noma siphansi, isibonelo. c2 ye-clarinet ku-B izozwakala njenge-b1 (ku-clarinet ngo-A - njengo-a1), ngesiNgisi. uphondo noma uphondo ku-F – njenge-f1, y alto saxophone ku-Es – njenge-es1, y tenor ku-B – njengo-b, y icilongo ku-Es noma i-saxophone ye-sopranino – njenge-es2, njll.

L. Beethoven. I-symphony yesi-8, ukunyakaza kwe-1.

Ukuvela kuka-T. kanye., Noma kunalokho, incazelo ebadluliselayo, ibhekisela ekhulwini le-18, enkathini lapho umoya. amathuluzi angakhipha cishe ngokukhethekile amathoni esikali sawo esilula noma isikali semvelo. Njengoba i-C-dur iwukhiye olula ngokwemibandela yokubhala, umkhuba uvele ukuze uphawule izingxenye ku-C-dur ezihambisana nokushunwa kwemvelo kwethuluzi.

Ngokusungulwa kwama-valve namasango, ukudlala izihluthulelo ngaphezulu noma ngaphansi kukhishwe kulabo abayinhloko. ukwakha ithuluzi, kwaba lula kakhulu, kodwa umkhuba wokudlulisa notation (okwenza kube nzima ukufunda amaphuzu) uyaqhubeka nokusetshenziswa. Impikiswano ethile evuna ukulondolozwa kwayo iwukuthi, ngenxa yenothi edlulisayo, umenzi ofanayo angashintsha kalula asuke kolunye uhlobo lwensimbi yomndeni ofanayo aye kolunye ngokushuna okuhlukile kuyilapho egcina umunwe, isibonelo. ukusuka ku-clarinet ku-A kuya ku-bass clarinet ku-B (umunwe ugcinwe): izinguquko ezinjalo zensimbi zivame ukwenziwa lapho kwenziwa ucezu olulodwa. (kuphawulwe: Cl. ku-B muta in A; Cl. in B muta Cl. picc. in Es). UMnyango. ukudlulisa umoya. izinsimbi zihlale ziphawulwa ngokomsindo wazo (isb. ama-trombones ngo-B, i-tuba in B). Abanye abaqambi ekhulwini lama-20. yenza imizamo yokuqaphela amaqembu e-T. kanye. ngokomsindo wabo; phakathi kwabo - A. Schoenberg (serenade op. 24, 1924), A. Berg, A. Webern, A. Honegger, SS Prokofiev.

Ngekhulu le-17-18. ku T. kanye. izinhlelo ezithile zezitho nazo zathintwa, ukwakheka kwazo okuhlukile kune-orchestral futhi, ngokufanele, ingxenye yazo yaphawulwa kwezinye izihluthulelo.

Литература: Herz N., Theory of transposing musical instruments, Lpz., 1911; Erpf H., Incwadi yezinsimbi nolwazi lwezinsimbi, Mainz, (1959).