Isithathu |

lat. trias, igciwane. I-Dreiklang, isiNgisi. i-triad, isivumelwano se-French triple

1) Ichodi yemisindo emithathu, engahlelwa ngokwesithathu. Kunezinhlobo ezi-4 ze-T.: ongwaqa ababili - abakhulu (futhi abakhulu, "kanzima", i-trias harmonica maior, i-trias harmonica naturalis, i-perfecta) kanye nencane (encane, "ethambile", i-trias harmonica minor, i-trias harmonica mollis, i-imperfecta) kanye ama-dissonant amabili - anda (futhi "okweqile", ama-trias superflue, ama-abundans) futhi ancishisiwe (i-trias deficiens - "ayinele"). Ungwaqa T. uvela ngenxa yokuhlukanisa ungwaqa ophelele wengxenye yesihlanu ngokwesilinganiso sezilinganiso - izibalo (4:5:6, okungukuthi ingxenye enkulu yesithathu + encane encane) ne-harmonic (10:12:15, okungukuthi ingxenye yesithathu encane + enkulu yesithathu). Enye yazo - enkulu - ihambisana nokutadisha amathoni engxenyeni engezansi yesilinganiso semvelo (amathoni 1: 2: 3: 4: 5: 6). Amathoni ongwaqa ayisisekelo sephimbo ohlelweni lwethoni olukhulu-oluncane olwalukhona ngekhulu le-17 nele-19. ("I-harmonic triad iyisisekelo sayo yonke i-consonance ...", kubhala u-IG Walter). Ama-T. amakhulu namancane ayisikhungo. izici zeSahluko 2. frets european. umculo onamagama afanayo. Ngokwezinga elikhulu, ongwaqa baye bagcina ukubaluleka kwabo emculweni wekhulu lama-20. Hlukana ngokwehlukana kwe-2 "ngokuvumelana." T. - ukwanda (kusuka kwezintathu ezinkulu) futhi kuncishiswe (kusuka ezincane ezimbili). Ukungangezi kungwaqa wengxenye yesihlanu emsulwa, womabili awanakho ukuzinza (ikakhulukazi lowo onciphile, oqukethe ukungezwani kwengxenye yesihlanu enciphile). Muses. ithiyori ngokuhambisana nomkhuba we-contrapuntal. izinhlamvu ekuqaleni zazibhekwa njenge-polyphony, kuhlanganise no-T., njengenhlanganisela yezikhawu (isibonelo, T. njengenhlanganisela yesihlanu kanye nokubili kokuthathu). U-G. Tsarlino unikeze ithiyori yokuqala ka-T. (1558), ebabiza ngokuthi "ukuvumelana" futhi echaza i-T. enkulu nencane ngosizo lwethiyori yezilinganiso zezinombolo (ebudeni bezintambo, i-T. enkulu - i-harmonic proportion 15: 12:10, okuncane - izibalo 6:5:4). Ngokulandelayo, u-T. waqokwa ngokuthi "unxantathu" (i-trias; ngokusho kuka-A. Kircher, i-T.-triad ingenye yezinhlobo ezintathu "zodaba" lomculo kanye ne-sound-monad ne-two-tone-diad). U-I. Lippius (1612) no-A. Werkmeister (1686-87) babekholelwa ukuthi “i-harmonic.” T. ifanekisela uZiqu-zintathu Ongcwele. U-NP Diletsky (1679) ufundisa “amakhonkodensi” (ongwaqa) esebenzisa isibonelo sika-T. ngokuphindwa kabili kwe-prima, ngohlelo olulungile (ububanzi noma ukuvala); uchaza izindlela ezimbili ngokusho kuka-T.: ut-mi-sol - "umculo ojabulisayo", re-fa-la - "umculo odabukisayo". U-JF Rameau uhlukanise amaculo “okulungile” ezinhlanganisela nemisindo engeyona i-chord futhi wachaza u-T. njengokuyinhloko. uhlobo lwe-chord. U-M. Hauptmann, A. Oettingen, H. Riemann, no-Z. Karg-Elert bahumushe u-T. omncane ngokuthi ukuguqulwa kwesibuko (ukuguqulwa) kokukhulu (inkolelo-mbono ye-dualism yokuyinhloko nokuncane); U-Riemann wazama ukufakazela ububili buka-T. ngethiyori yama-untertons. Kuthiyori esebenzayo ka-Riemann, i-consonant temporality iqondwa njenge-monolithic complex, isisekelo sazo zonke izinhlobo zokuguqulwa.

2) Ukuqokwa kokuyinhloko. uhlobo lwe-tertian enemisindo emithathu ene-prima ku-bass, ngokungafani nama-inversions ayo.

References: Diletsky Nikolay, Idea of ​​the grammar of Musikiy, M., 1979; Zarlino G., Le istitutioni harmonice, Venetia, 1558 (facsimile in Monuments of music and music literature in facsimile, 2 series, NY, 1965); Lippius J., Synopsis musicae novae omnino verae atque methodicae universae, Argentorati, 1612; I-Werckmeister A., ​​​​Musicae mathematicae hodegus curiosus, Frankfurt-Lpz., 1686, yanyatheliswa kabusha. uNachdruck Hildesheim, 1972; Rameau J. Rh., Traité de l'harmonie…, P., 1722; Hauptmann M., Die Natur der Harmonik und der Metrik, Lpz., 1853, 1873; Oettingen A. von, Harmoniesystem in dualer Entwicklung, Dorpat, 1865, Lpz., 1913 (ngaphansi kwesihloko: Das duale Harmoniesystem); Riemann H., Vereinfachte Harmonielehre, oder die Lehre von den tonalen Funktionen der Akkorde, L.-NY, 1893 yakhe, Geschichte der Musiktheorie in IX. - XIX. Jahrhundert, Lpz., 1901; Hildesheim, 1898; Karg-Elert S., Polaristische Klang- und Tonalitätslehre, Lpz., 1961; Walther JG, Praecepta der musicalischen Composition (1931), Lpz., 1708.

Yu. H. Kholopov