UMarguerite Long (uMarguerite Long) |

UMarguerite Long

Ngo-April 19, 1955, abameleli bomphakathi womculo wenhloko-dolobha yethu babuthana e-Moscow Conservatory ukuze babingelele inkosi evelele yesiko lesiFulentshi - uMarguerite Long. Umphathi we-conservatory AV Sveshnikov wamnikeza idiploma kaprofesa ohloniphekile - ukuqashelwa kwezinsizakalo zakhe ezivelele ekuthuthukiseni nasekukhuthazeni umculo.

Lo mcimbi wandulelwa kusihlwa okwagxivizwa enkumbulweni yabathandi bomculo isikhathi eside: uM. Long wadlala eHholo Elikhulu le-Moscow Conservatory ne-orchestra. U-A. Goldenweiser wabhala: “Imidlalo yengcweti emangalisayo yayiwumkhosi wobuciko ngempela. Ngokuphelela okumangalisayo kobuchwepheshe, ngobusha obusha, u-Marguerite Long wenze i-Ravel's Concerto, enikezelwe kuye umqambi odumile waseFrance. Izilaleli eziningi ezazigcwele ihholo zabingelela ngentshiseko umculi omangalisayo, owaphinda isiphetho se-Concerto futhi wadlala ingoma kaFauré ethi Ballad yopiyano ne-orchestra ngalé kohlelo.

• Umculo wepiyano esitolo se-inthanethi se-Ozon →

Kwakunzima ukukholelwa ukuthi lona wesifazane onomfutho, ogcwele amandla wayeseneminyaka engaphezu kuka-80 ubudala - umdlalo wakhe wawuphelele futhi umusha. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, uMarguerite Long wazuza ukuzwelana kwezilaleli ekuqaleni kwekhulu lethu leminyaka. Wafunda upiyano nodadewabo, uClaire Long, wabe esefunda eParis Conservatory no-A. Marmontel.

Amakhono amahle kakhulu wepiyano amvumela ukuba asheshe afunde i-repertoire ebanzi, ehlanganisa imisebenzi yama-classics nama-romantics - kusukela ku-Couperin no-Mozart kuya ku-Beethoven no-Chopin. Kodwa ngokushesha kwanqunywa isiqondiso esiyinhloko somsebenzi wayo - ukukhuthazwa komsebenzi wabaqambi besimanje baseFrance. Ubungane obuseduze bumxhumanisa nezinkanyiso zomculo ozwakalayo - uDebussy noRavel. Nguye owaba umculi wokuqala wezingoma eziningi zepiyano zalaba baqambi, abanikeze amakhasi amaningi omculo omnandi kuye. Isikhathi eside sethula abalaleli emisebenzini kaRoger-Ducas, uFauré, uFlorent Schmitt, uLouis Vierne, uGeorges Migot, abaculi bomculo odumile othi "Six", kanye noBohuslav Martin. Kulaba nabanye abaculi abaningi, uMarguerite Long wayengumngane ozinikele, umnyuziyamu owabakhuthaza ukuba bakhe izingoma ezimangalisayo, owaba ngowokuqala ukunikeza ukuphila esiteji. Futhi ngakho kwaqhubeka amashumi amaningi eminyaka. Njengophawu lokubonga kumdwebi, abaculi abangu-80 abavelele baseFrance, okuhlanganisa no-D. Milhaud, J. Auric kanye no-F. Poulenc, bamnike i-variations ebhalwe ngokukhethekile njengesipho sosuku lwakhe lokuzalwa lwama-XNUMX.

Umsebenzi wekhonsathi kaM. Long wawushube ngokukhethekile ngaphambi kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala. Kamuva, wanciphisa inani lezinkulumo zakhe, wanikela ngamandla engeziwe ekufundiseni. Kusukela ngo-1906, wafundisa ikilasi e-Paris Conservatory, kusukela ngo-1920 waba uprofesa wemfundo ephakeme. Lapha, ngaphansi kobuholi bakhe, i-galaxy yonke yabadlali bopiyano yadlula esikoleni esihle kakhulu, esinethalente kunazo zonke esathola ukuthandwa okubanzi; phakathi kwabo uJ. Fevrier, J. Doyen, S. Francois, J.-M. Dare. Konke lokhu akuzange kumvimbele ngezikhathi ezithile ukuvakashela eYurophu naphesheya kwezilwandle; ngakho, ngo-1932, wenza uhambo oluningi noM. Ravel, ethula abalaleli bePiano Concerto yakhe ku-G major.

Ngo-1940, lapho amaNazi engena eParis, uLong, engafuni ukubambisana nabahlaseli, wabashiya othisha basesikoleni samabanga aphansi. Kamuva, wakha isikole sakhe, lapho aqhubeka nokuqeqesha abadlali bopiyano eFrance. Eminyakeni efanayo, umculi ovelele waba umsunguli wesinye isinyathelo esenza igama lakhe lingafi: kanye no-J. Thibault, wasungula ngo-1943 umncintiswano wabadlali bopiyano nabadlala i-violin, okwakuhloswe ukuba kufanekisele ukungahambisani kwamasiko esiko lesiFulentshi. Ngemva kwempi, lo mncintiswano waba ngamazwe ngamazwe futhi uqhutshwa njalo, uqhubeka nokukhonza imbangela yokusabalalisa ubuciko nokuqondana. Abaculi abaningi baseSoviet baba abanqobi bayo.

Eminyakeni yangemva kwempi, abafundi abaningi ngokwengeziwe baseLong bathatha indawo efanelekile esiteji sekhonsathi - u-Yu. U-Bukov, F. Antremont, B. Ringeissen, A. Ciccolini, P. Frankl nabanye abaningi bamkweleta impumelelo yabo ngezinga elikhulu. Kodwa umculi ngokwakhe akazange adikibale ngaphansi kwengcindezi yobusha. Ukudlala kwakhe kwagcina ubufazi, umusa wesiFulentshi kuphela, kodwa akuzange kulahlekelwe ubukhali bobudoda namandla, futhi lokhu kwanika ukukhangwa okukhethekile emisebenzini yakhe. Umdwebi wavakashela ngenkuthalo, wenza inqwaba yokuqoshwa, okuhlanganisa hhayi kuphela amakhonsathi nezingoma ezicula yedwa, kodwa nama-ensembles egumbi - ama-sonatas ka-Mozart no-J. Thibaut, ama-quartets kaFaure. Okokugcina enza obala ngo-1959, kodwa ngisho nangemva kwalokho waqhubeka ebambe iqhaza elikhulu empilweni yomculo, wahlala eyilungu lamajaji emncintiswaneni owabizwa ngegama lakhe. Wafingqa umkhuba wakhe wokufundisa emsebenzini wemethodical othi “Le piano de Margerite Long” (“The Piano Marguerite Long”, 1958), encwadini yakhe yesikhumbuzo ka-C. Debussy, G. Foret kanye noM. Ravel (owokugcina uphume ngemva kwakhe. ukufa ngo-1971).

Indawo ekhetheke kakhulu, ehloniphekile ekaM. Long emlandweni wezibopho zamasiko zaseFranco-Soviet. Futhi ngaphambi kokufika kwakhe enhloko-dolobha yethu, wabamukela ngemfudumalo ozakwabo - abadlali bopiyano baseSoviet, ababambiqhaza emncintiswaneni oqanjwe ngaye. Kamuva, laba abathintwayo basondelana nakakhulu. Omunye wabafundi abangcono kakhulu baseLong F. Antremont uyakhumbula: “Wayenobuhlobo obuseduze no-E. Gilels no-S. Richter, ikhono labo alazisa ngokushesha.” Abaculi abaseduze bakhumbula indlela ahlangana ngayo ngentshiseko nabameleli bezwe lakithi, ukuthi wajabula kanjani ngempumelelo ngayinye emncintiswaneni owawunegama lakhe, wababiza ngokuthi “amaRussia ami amancane.” Ngaphambi nje kokufa kwakhe, uLong wathola isimemo sokuba yisivakashi esihlonishwayo eMncintiswaneni weTchaikovsky futhi waphupha ngohambo oluzayo. “Bazongithumelela indiza eyisipesheli. Kufanele ngiphile ukuze ngilubone lolu suku,” kusho yena ... Wantula izinyanga ezimbalwa. Ngemva kokufa kwakhe, amaphephandaba aseFrance ashicilela amazwi kaSvyatoslav Richter: “UMarguerite Long akasekho. Iketanga legolide elisixhumanise noDebussy kanye noRavel laphuka…”

Cit.: Khentova S. "Margarita Long". M., 1961.

Grigoriev L., Platek Ya.