UKonstantin Solomonovich Sarajev (Sarajjev, Konstantin) |
Sarajev, Konstantin
Umculi Wabantu we-Armenian SSR (1945). Umsebenzi kaSaradzhev uhlanganisa, njengokungathi, ukuqhubeka kwesiko lomculo laseSoviet nezakudala zaseRussia. Ubuntu bokudala bomculi osemusha obuthuthukisiwe eMoscow Conservatory ngaphansi kwethonya elizuzisayo lothisha bakhe - S. Taneyev, I. Grzhimali, V. Safonov, N. Kashkin, G. Konyus, M. Ippolitov-Ivanov. Ngemva kokuphothula e-Conservatory ngo-1898, uSaradzhev waqala ukwenza amakhonsathi azimele njenge-violinist. Waze waya ePrague ukuze athuthuke ekanye nomshayi wevayolini odumile u-O. Shevchik. Nokho, kakade ngaleyo minyaka wayefisa ukuba umqhubi. Ngo-1904, uSaradzhev waya eLeipzig eyofunda no-A. Nikish. Umqhubi ovelele wawazisa kakhulu amakhono omfundi wakhe, owayevela eRussia. UProfesa G. Tigranov uyabhala: “Ngaphansi kokuqondisa kukaNikish Saradzhev wasungula indlela enhle kakhulu yokuqhuba - leso senzo esicacile, esicacile nesicacile ngokwepulasitiki, lelo khono lokuqondisa i-orchestra emigomweni yakhe yobuciko, eyathuthukisa futhi yacebisa, kamuva yaba isisekelo indlela yakhe yokwenza."
Lapho ebuyela eMoscow, uSaradzhev wazinikela ngamandla amangalisayo emisebenzini yomculo eguquguqukayo, waqala umsebenzi wakhe wokuhola ngo-1908 futhi wazuza amaphuzu ayinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ngesivinini esiyingqayizivele. Ngakho, ngokusho kukaG. Konyus, ezinyangeni ezine zika-1910 uSaradzhev wenza amakhonsathi angu-31. Izinhlelo zazihlanganisa cishe imisebenzi emikhulu ye-orchestra engu-50 kanye nemincane engu-75. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, eziningi zazo zazwakala okokuqala. USaradzhev wethula imisebenzi emisha kaDebussy, Stravinsky, Prokofiev, Ravel, Myaskovsky nabanye ababhali ekwahluleleni kwabalaleli baseRussia. "I-Evenings of Contemporary Music", eyasungulwa nguye kanye nomhlaziyi womculo u-V. Derzhanovsky, yadlala indima enkulu ekuthuthukiseni impilo yamasiko eMoscow. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, wenza imidlalo ye-opera e-Sergiev-Alekseevsky People's House, enza imikhiqizo ethakazelisayo ye-Tchaikovsky's Cherevichek, i-Ippolitov-Ivanov's Treason, i-Aleko ka-Rachmaninoff, i-Mozart's Marriage of Figaro, ne-Werther's Massenet. U-Konyus wabhala ngaleso sikhathi ukuthi “eSaradzhev, eMoscow unotolika ongakhathali, ozinikele kanye nomhlaziyi wemisebenzi yobuciko bomculo. Ukunikeza ithalenta lakhe ekufundeni hhayi kuphela indalo ebonwayo, kodwa ngezinga elifanayo nendalo elindele ukuqashelwa, ngaleyo ndlela uSaradzhev unikeza inkonzo eyigugu ekudaleni kwasekhaya ngokwayo.
Ukwamukela i-Great October Revolution, uSaradzhev wanikela ngamandla akhe ekwakhiweni kwesiko elincane lamaSoviet. Eqhubeka nemisebenzi yakhe njengomqhubi emadolobheni ahlukahlukene ase-USSR (izinkundla zemidlalo ye-opera eSaratov, Rostov-on-Don), wayengomunye wabaculi bokuqala bezwe lakithi abadlala phesheya ngempumelelo futhi bathuthukisa umculo wamaSoviet lapho. I-Sarajev ifundisa ezikhungweni zemfundo, ihlela ama-ensembles omculo nama-orchestra, kokubili ochwepheshe kanye ne-ateur. Wonke lo msebenzi wamthakazelisa kakhulu uSaradzhev, lowo, ngokukaB. Khaikin, “owayengumculi wentando yeningi.” Ngohlelo lwakhe, kwavulwa umnyango ophethe eMoscow Conservatory. Ukwakhiwa kwesikole sokuqhuba iSoviet ikakhulukazi kuwukufaneleka kukaSaradzhev. Wakhuphula umthala wabaculi abasebasha, kuhlanganise noB. Khaikin, M. Paverman, L. Ginzburg, S. Gorchakov, G. Budagyan nabanye.
Kusukela ngo-1935, uSarajev wayehlala eYerevan futhi waba negalelo elikhulu ekuthuthukiseni isiko lomculo wase-Armenia. Inhloko kanye nomqhubi oyinhloko we-Yerevan Opera ne-Ballet Theatre (1935-1940), ngesikhathi esifanayo wayengomunye wabahleli futhi umqondisi wezobuciko we-Armenian Philharmonic; kusukela ngo-1936, umculi ohlonishwayo - umqondisi we-Yerevan Conservatory. Futhi yonke indawo umsebenzi kaSaradzhev ushiye uphawu olungenakucimeka futhi oluthelayo.
Lit.: KS Saradzhev. Imibhalo, izinkumbulo, M., 1962.
L. Grigoriev, J. Platek
