André Cluytens |

U-André Cluytens

Kwakubonakala sengathi ukudalelwa kwakulethe u-Andre Kluitens endaweni yomqhubi. Bobabili umkhulu wakhe kanye noyise babengabadidiyeli, kodwa yena ngokwakhe waqala njengomdlali wopiyano, waphothula e-Antwerp Conservatory eneminyaka eyishumi nesithupha ekilasini lika-E. Boske. UKluitens wabe esejoyina iRoyal Opera House yendawo njengomdlali wopiyano nomqondisi wekhwaya. Ulandisa okulandelayo ngokuqala kwakhe njengomqhubi: “Ngangineminyaka engu-21 lapho ngelinye iSonto ubaba, umqhubi wenkundla efanayo, egula kungazelelwe. Okufanele ngikwenze? NgeSonto - wonke amathiyetha avuliwe, bonke abaqhubi bamatasa. Umqondisi wanquma ukuthatha isinyathelo esinzima: wanikeza umphelezeli osemusha ukuba athathe ingozi. I-“Pearl Seekers” yayivuliwe… Ekugcineni, zonke iziphathimandla zase-Antwerp zamemezela ngazwi linye: U-Andre Kluytens ungumqhubi owazalwa. Kancane kancane ngaqala ukufaka ubaba esikhundleni sikakhondakta; lapho eyeka ukudlala imidlalo yeshashalazi esegugile, ekugcineni ngathatha indawo yakhe.

Eminyakeni eyalandela, uKluitens wadlala ngokukhethekile njengomqhubi we-opera. Uqondisa izinkundla zemidlalo yeshashalazi eToulouse, eLyon, eBordeaux, athola ukuqashelwa okuqinile eFrance. Ngo-1938, icala lasiza umculi ukuba enze i-debut yakhe esiteji se-symphony: e-Vichy kwakudingeka abambe ikhonsathi evela emisebenzini kaBeethoven esikhundleni sikaKrips, owayenqatshelwe ukushiya i-Austria ephethwe amaJalimane. Eminyakeni eyishumi eyalandela, u-Kluytens wenza ama-opera ama-opera namakhonsathi e-Lyon nase-Paris, waba ngumculi wokuqala wemisebenzi eminingi yababhali baseFrance - J. Francais, T. Aubin, JJ Grunenwald, A. Jolivet, A. Busse, O. Messiaen, D. Millau nabanye.

Usuku oluhle lomsebenzi wokudala we-Kluytens lufika ekupheleni kweminyaka engamashumi amane. Uba yinhloko ye-Opera Comique Theatre (1947), eqhuba eGrand Opera, ehola i-orchestra ye-Society of Concerts yaseParis Conservatory, yenza izinkambo ezinde zakwamanye amazwe ezihlanganisa iYurophu, iMelika, i-Asia ne-Australia; unelungelo lokuba ngumbhidisi wokuqala ongumFulentshi ukumenywa ukuba azocula eBayreuth, futhi kusukela ngo-1955 usevele izikhathi ezingaphezu kwesisodwa ku-console yaseBayreuth Theatre. Ekugcineni, ngo-1960, esinye isihloko sanezelwa ezihlokweni zakhe eziningi, mhlawumbe ezithandekayo kumculi - waba yinhloko ye-National Symphony Orchestra eBelgium.

I-repertoire yomculi inkulu futhi ihlukahlukene. Wayedume njengomdlali ophambili wama-opera kanye ne-symphonic kaMozart, uBeethoven, uWagner. Kodwa uthando lomphakathi lwaletha uCluytens kuqala kunazo zonke ukuhunyushwa komculo wesiFulentshi. Ku-repertoire yakhe - konke okuhle kakhulu okudalwe abaqambi baseFrance besikhathi esidlule nesamanje. Ukubukeka kombhidisi womdwebi kwaphawulwa ukuthakazelisa kwesiFulentshi kuphela, umusa nobuhle, umdlandla kanye nokulula kwenqubo yokwenza umculo. Zonke lezi zimfanelo zabonakala ngokucacile phakathi nohambo oluphindaphindiwe lomqhubi ezweni lakithi. Akuyona ize ukuthi imisebenzi kaBerlioz, Bizet, Franck, Debussy, Ravel, Duke, Roussel yathatha indawo eyinhloko ezinhlelweni zakhe. Ukugxekwa kutholakala kufanele kwezobuciko bakhe “ukubaluleka nokujula kwezinhloso zobuciko”, “ikhono lokudonsa i-orchestra”, kuphawule isenzo sakhe “sepulasitiki, esinembe ngokwedlulele nesicacile.” "Ukukhuluma nathi ngolimi lobuciko," u-I. Martynov wabhala, "usethula ngokuqondile ezweni lemicabango nemizwa yabaqambi abakhulu. Zonke izindlela zekhono lakhe eliphezulu lobuchwepheshe zingaphansi kwalokhu.

L. Grigoriev, J. Platek