Pierre Monteux |

Pierre Monteux

UPierre Monteux uyinkathi yonke empilweni yomculo yesikhathi sethu, inkathi ehlanganisa cishe amashumi ayisishiyagalombili eminyaka! Izenzakalo eziningi eziphawulekayo zihlotshaniswa negama lakhe, ezihlala phakade ezincwadini zomculo zekhulu leminyaka. Kwanele ukusho ukuthi yilo mculi owaba ngumculi wokuqala wemisebenzi efana neDebussy's Games, Ravel's Daphnis noChloe, The Firebird, Petrushka, The Rite of Spring, Stravinsky's The Nightingale, Prokofiev's Third Symphony, "Cornered hat" de Falla. nabanye abaningi. Lokhu kukodwa kukhuluma ngokugculisayo ngendawo uMonteux ayekuyo phakathi kwabaqhubi bomhlaba. Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo, imizwa evame ukuhambisana nemidlalo yakhe yayingeyabaqambi: umculi, njengokungathi, wahlala emthunzini. Isizathu salokhu ukuthobeka okungavamile kwe-Monteux, isizotha hhayi nje somuntu kuphela, kodwa futhi nomculi, owahlukanisa sonke isitayela sakhe sokuqhuba. Ubulula, ukucaca, ukuthinta okunembe, okukalwayo, ukuncisha ukunyakaza, ukungazimisele ngokuphelele ukubukisa kwakungokwemvelo eMonteux. "Ukudlulisa imibono yami ku-orchestra futhi ngiveze umqondo womqambi, ukuba yisisebenzi somsebenzi, lokho kuwukuphela kwenhloso yami," esho. Futhi ukulalela i-orchestra ngaphansi kokuqondisa kwakhe, ngezinye izikhathi kwakubonakala sengathi abaculi babedlala ngaphandle komqhubi. Yiqiniso, umbono onjalo wawukhohlisayo - ukuhumusha kwakungenakwenzeka, kodwa ngokulawulwa ngokuqinile ngumdwebi, inhloso yombhali yembulwa ngokuphelele futhi kuze kube sekupheleni. “Angifuni okungaphezulu kumqhubi” — ngale ndlela u-I. Stravinsky ahlola ngayo ubuciko be-Monteux, ayexhunywe naye amashumi amaningi eminyaka yobungane bokudala nobungane.

Amabhuloho omsebenzi kaMonteux, njengokungathi, umculo wekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalolunye kuya kumculo wamashumi amabili. Wazalelwa eParis ngesikhathi uSaint-Saens noFaure, uBrahms noBruckner, uTchaikovsky noRimsky-Korsakov, uDvorak noGrieg besaqhakaza ngokugcwele. Lapho eneminyaka eyisithupha, uMonteux wafunda ukudlala i-violin, eminyakeni emithathu kamuva wangena e-conservatory, futhi eminyakeni emithathu kamuva wenza i-debut yakhe njengomqhubi. Ekuqaleni, lo mculi osemusha wayengumphelezeli wezinsimbi zaseParis, edlala i-violin ne-viola kuma-ensembles ekamelo. (Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi eminyakeni eminingi kamuva kwenzeka ukuba ashintshe ngephutha umdlali we-violist ogulayo ekhonsathini ye-Budapest Quartet, futhi wadlala indima yakhe ngaphandle kokuphinda okukodwa.)

Ngokokuqala ngqa, u-Monteux umqhubi wazisondeza kuye ngo-1911, lapho ephethe kahle ikhonsathi yemisebenzi kaBerlioz eParis. Lokhu kwalandelwa i-premiere ethi "Petrushka" kanye nomjikelezo onikezelwe kubabhali besikhathi samanje. Ngakho, izinkomba ezimbili eziyinhloko zobuciko bakhe zanqunywa ngokushesha. NjengomFulentshi wangempela, owayebuye abe nomusa nokuthakasela esiteji, inkulumo yakhe yomdabu yomculo yayisondele kakhulu kuye, futhi ekuculweni komculo wabantu bakubo wazuza ukuphelela okumangalisayo. Omunye umugqa ngowomculo wesimanje, nawo awuqhakambisa impilo yakhe yonke. Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngenxa ye-erudition yakhe ephakeme, ukunambitheka okuhloniphekile nekhono elicwengekile, u-Monteux wachaza kahle izingoma zomculo zamazwe ahlukene. U-Bach noHaydn, u-Beethoven kanye no-Schubert, abaqambi baseRussia babambe indawo eqinile ohlwini lwakhe lomculo...

Ukuguquguquka kwethalente lomculi kwamlethela impumelelo enkulu ikakhulukazi phakathi nezimpi zezwe ezimbili, lapho ehola amaqembu amaningi omculo. Ngakho-ke, kusukela ngo-1911, uMonteux wayengumqhubi oyinhloko weqembu elithi "Russian Ballet S. Diaghilev", isikhathi eside wahola ama-orchestra aseBoston naseSan Francisco e-USA, ama-orchestra e-Concertgebouw e-Amsterdam nasePhilharmonic eLondon. Kuyo yonke le minyaka, lo mculi ubelokhu ejikeleza umhlaba ngokungakhathali, ecula ezitejini zamakhonsathi nasezindlini ze-opera. Waqhubeka nomsebenzi wakhe wekhonsathi ngeminyaka yawo-1950 nawo-1960, kakade eseyikhehla elijulile. Njengangaphambili, ama-orchestra angcono kakhulu akubheka njengelungelo ukucula ngaphansi kokuqondisa kwakhe, ikakhulukazi njengoba umculi othakazelisayo wayethandwa emhlabeni wonke amalungu e-orchestra. I-Monteux kabili yadlalwa e-USSR - ngo-1931 nama-Soviet ensembles, futhi ngo-1956 neBoston Orchestra.

UMonteux akamangalanga nje kuphela ngokushuba komsebenzi wakhe, kodwa nangokuzinikela kwakhe okumangalisayo kwezobuciko. Ingxenye yesithathu yekhulu ayichitha esiteji, akazange ahoxise ukuphindaphinda nokukodwa, ngisho nekhonsathi eyodwa. Maphakathi nawo-50s, umdwebi waba sengozini yemoto. Odokotela bathole imihuzuko emibi kanye nokuphuka kwezimbambo ezine, bazama ukumlalisa. Kodwa umqhubi wafuna ukuba afakwe i-corset, futhi ngalo lolo suku kusihlwa waba nenye ikhonsathi. UMonteux wayegcwele amandla okudala kuze kube yizinsuku zakhe zokugcina. Washonela edolobheni Hancock (USA), lapho njalo ngonyaka ehola isikole ehlobo abaqhubi.

L. Grigoriev, J. Platek