Dimitri Mitropoulos (Mitropoulos, Dimitri) |

Mitropoulos, Dimitri

UMitropoulos wayengumculi wokuqala ovelele owanikezwa iGrisi yesimanje emhlabeni. Wazalelwa e-Athene, indodana yomthengisi wesikhumba. Abazali bakhe babehlose ukuthi aqale abe umfundisi, base bezama ukumkhomba njengetilosi. Kodwa uDimitri wayethanda umculo kusukela ebuntwaneni futhi wakwazi ukukholisa wonke umuntu ukuthi kwakuyikusasa lakhe kuwo. Lapho eneminyaka eyishumi nane, wayesewazi ngekhanda ama-opera asendulo, edlala upiyano kahle - futhi, naphezu kobusha bakhe, wamukelwa e-Athens Conservatory. UMitropoulos wafunda lapha ngopiyano nokuqamba, wabhala umculo. Phakathi kwezingoma zakhe kwakuyi-opera ethi "Beatrice" embhalweni kaMaeterlinck, lapho iziphathimandla ze-Conservatory zanquma ukuyibeka ngabafundi. U-C. Saint-Saens ubekhona kulo mdlalo. Ehlatshwe umxhwele ikhono elikhanyayo lombhali, owabhala ukwakheka kwakhe, wabhala isihloko ngaye kwelinye lamaphephandaba aseParis futhi wamsiza ukuba athole ithuba lokuthuthuka e-conservatories eBrussels (noP. Gilson) naseBerlin (noF . Busoni).

Ngemva kokuqeda imfundo yakhe, uMitropoulos wasebenza njengomsizi womqhubi we-Berlin State Opera kusukela ngo-1921-1925. Wathatheka kakhulu ngokucula kangangokuthi ngokushesha wacishe wayilahla ingoma nopiyano. Ngo-1924, umculi osemusha waba umqondisi Athens Symphony Orchestra futhi ngokushesha waqala ukuzuza udumo. Uvakashela eFrance, eJalimane, eNgilandi, e-Italy nakwamanye amazwe, evakashele e-USSR, lapho ubuciko bakhe bubuye baziswa kakhulu. Ngaleyo minyaka, umculi ongumGreki wenza Ikhonsathi Yesithathu kaProkofiev ngobuhlakani obukhethekile, ngesikhathi esifanayo edlala upiyano futhi eqondisa i-orchestra.

Ngo-1936, ngesimemo sika-S. Koussevitzky, uMitropoulos wavakashela e-United States okokuqala ngqa. Futhi eminyakeni emithathu kamuva, ngaphambi nje kokuqala kwempi, ekugcineni wathuthela eMelika futhi ngokushesha waba omunye wabaqhubi abathandwa kakhulu nabathandwayo e-United States. IBoston, Cleveland, Minneapolis kwakuyizigaba zempilo yakhe nomsebenzi wakhe. Kusukela ngo-1949, wahola (ekuqaleni nge-Stokowski) elinye lamaqembu aseMelika ahamba phambili, i-New York Philharmonic Orchestra. Njengoba wayesegula kakade, washiya lesi sikhundla ngo-1958, kodwa kwaze kwaba yizinsuku zakhe zokugcina waqhubeka eqhuba imidlalo ye-Metropolitan Opera futhi wavakashela kakhulu eMelika naseYurophu.

Iminyaka yokusebenza e-USA yaba yisikhathi sokuchuma kweMitropoulos. Wayaziwa njengomhumushi omuhle kakhulu wezingoma zakudala, umsakazi oshisekayo womculo wesimanje. UMitropoulos waba ngowokuqala ukwethula imisebenzi eminingi yabaqambi baseYurophu emphakathini waseMelika; phakathi kwemidlalo yokuqala ebibanjelwe eNew York ngaphansi kokuqondisa kwakhe kukhona i-Violin Concerto ka-D. Shostakovich (no-D. Oistrakh) kanye ne-S. Prokofiev's Symphony Concerto (no-M. Rostropovich).

I-Mitropoulos yayivame ukubizwa ngokuthi "umqhubi ongaqondakali". Ngempela, indlela yakhe yangaphandle yayingavamile kakhulu - wayeqhuba ngaphandle kwenduku, ene-laconic ngokweqile, ngezinye izikhathi cishe engabonakali emphakathini, ukunyakaza kwezingalo nezandla zakhe. Kodwa lokhu akuzange kumvimbele ekufinyeleleni amandla amakhulu okusebenza, ubuqotho befomu lomculo. Umgxeki waseMelika uD. Yuen wabhala: “IMitropoulos iyisici esihle phakathi kwabaqhubi. Udlala ne-orchestra yakhe njengoba uHorowitz edlala upiyano, nge-bravura kanye nejubane. Ngokushesha kubonakala sengathi ikhono lakhe alizazi izinkinga: i-orchestra isabela "ekuthinteni" kwayo njengokungathi iphiyano. Ukushukuma komzimba wakhe kuphakamisa i-multicolor. Izacile, ingathí sina, njengendela, lapho ingena esiteji, ayikhiphi ngokushesha ukuthi hlobo luni lwemoto equkethwe kuye. Kodwa lapho umculo ugeleza ngaphansi kwezandla zakhe, uyaguqulwa. Zonke izingxenye zomzimba wakhe zinyakaza ngesigqi ngomculo. Izandla zakhe zelulela emkhathini, futhi iminwe yakhe ibonakala iqoqa yonke imisindo ye-ether. Ubuso bakhe bukhombisa yonke inhlobonhlobo yomculo awuculayo: lapha kugcwele izinhlungu, manje sekuqala ukumamatheka. Njenganoma iyiphi i-virtuoso, u-Mitropoulos udonsa izethameli hhayi kuphela ngokubonisa okukhazimulayo kwe-pyrotechnics, kodwa ngobuntu bakhe bonke. Uphethe umlingo kaToscanini wokubangela amandla kagesi okwamanje lapho enyathela esiteji. I-orchestra nezilaleli ziwela ngaphansi kokulawula kwakhe, njengokungathi baloyiwe. Nasemsakazweni uyamuzwa ubukhona bakhe obunamandla. Umuntu angase angamthandi uMitropoulos, kodwa akakwazi ukuhlala engenandaba naye. Futhi labo abangakuthandi ukuhumusha kwakhe abakwazi ukuphika ukuthi le ndoda ithatha izilaleli zayo kanye nayo ngamandla ayo, intshiseko yayo, intando yayo. Iqiniso lokuthi ungungqondongqondo kucace kubo bonke abake bamuzwa ... ".

L. Grigoriev, J. Platek