Evgeny Gedeonovich Mogilevsky |

Evgeny Mogilevsky

U-Evgeny Gedeonovich Mogilevsky uvela emndenini womculo. Abazali bakhe babengabafundisi e-Odessa Conservatory. Umama, uSerafima Leonidovna, owake wafunda noGG Neuhaus, kusukela ekuqaleni wayenakekela ngokuphelele imfundo yomculo yendodana yakhe. Ngaphansi kokuqondisa kwakhe, wahlala phansi epiyano okokuqala (lokhu kwakungo-1952, izifundo zaqhutshwa ngaphakathi kwezindonga zesikole esidumile saseStolyarsky) futhi yena, eneminyaka engu-18, waphothula lesi sikole. “Kukholakala ukuthi akulula kubazali abangabaculi ukufundisa izingane zabo, nezingane zifunde ngaphansi kokuqondisa kwezihlobo zazo,” kusho uMogilevsky. “Mhlawumbe lokhu kunjalo. Kuphela angizange ngizizwe. Uma ngifika ekilasini likamama noma sisebenza ekhaya, kwakukhona uthisha nomfundi eduze komunye nomunye - kungekho okunye. Umama wayehlale efuna into entsha - amasu, izindlela zokufundisa. Bengihlala ngimthanda. ”…

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Kusukela ngo-1963 Mogilevsky eMoscow. Isikhathi esithile, ngeshwa, sifushane, wafunda no-GG Neuhaus; ngemva kokufa kwakhe, no-SG Neuhaus futhi, ekugcineni, no-YI Zak. “Ku-Yakov Izrailevich ngafunda okuningi engangikuntula ngaleso sikhathi. Ekhuluma ngendlela evamile, waqondisa indlela yami yokwenza. Ngokunjalo, umdlalo wami. Ukuxhumana naye, ngisho noma kwakungelula kimi ngezinye izikhathi, kwakuzuzisa kakhulu. Angizange ngiyeke ukufunda no-Yakov Izrailevich ngisho nangemva kokuthweswa iziqu, ngihlala ekilasini lakhe njengomsizi.

Kusukela ebuntwaneni, uMogilevsky wajwayela isiteji - eneminyaka eyisishiyagalolunye wadlala phambi kwezilaleli okokuqala, eneminyaka eyishumi nanye wenza ne-orchestra. Ukuqala komsebenzi wakhe wobuciko kwakukhumbuza ama-biographies afanayo wezingane ezikhiqizayo, ngenhlanhla, ekuqaleni kuphela. Ama-Geek ngokuvamile "anele" isikhathi esifushane, iminyaka eminingana; U-Mogilevsky, kunalokho, wenza intuthuko eyengeziwe njalo ngonyaka. Futhi lapho eneminyaka eyishumi nesishiyagalolunye, udumo lwakhe emibuthanweni yomculo lwaba endaweni yonke. Lokhu kwenzeka ngo-1964, eBrussels, eMqhudelwaneni weNdlovukazi u-Elizabeth.

Wathola umklomelo wokuqala eBrussels. Ukunqoba kwanqotshwa emncintiswaneni osekuyisikhathi eside kubhekwa njengenye yezinzima kakhulu: enhloko-dolobha yaseBelgium, ngesizathu esingahleliwe, ungakwazi. ungathathi indawo yomklomelo; awukwazi ukuyithatha ngengozi. Phakathi kwezimbangi zikaMogilevsky kwakukhona abadlali bopiyano abambalwa abaqeqeshwe kahle kakhulu, kuhlanganise nompetha abambalwa abasezingeni eliphezulu. Akunakwenzeka ukuthi wayezoba ngowokuqala uma imincintiswano ibanjwe ngokuvumelana nefomula ethi "umsebenzi kabani ongcono". Konke kulokhu kunqume ngenye indlela - ubuhle bethalente lakhe.

Yebo. U-I. Zak wake wathi ngoMogilevsky ukuthi kukhona "i-charm yomuntu siqu" emdlalweni wakhe (Zak Ya. EBrussels // Sov. Umculo. 1964. No. 9. P. 72.). U-GG Neuhaus, waze wahlangana nale nsizwa isikhashana, wakwazi ukuqaphela ukuthi “yayiyinhle ngokwedlulele, inobuhle bomuntu, obuvumelana nobuciko bayo bemvelo” (Neigauz GG Reflections of a jury member // Neugauz GG Reflections, memoirs, diaries. Izihloko ezikhethiwe. Izincwadi eziya kubazali. P. 115.). Bobabili uZach noNeuhaus bakhulume ngokuyisisekelo ngento efanayo, nakuba ngamagama ahlukene. Kokubili kwakusho ukuthi uma i-charm iyikhwalithi eyigugu ngisho nasekukhulumisaneni okulula, "kwansuku zonke" phakathi kwabantu, khona-ke kubaluleke kangakanani kumculi - umuntu ohamba esiteji, uxhumana namakhulu, izinkulungwane zabantu. Bobabili babona ukuthi uMogilevsky unikezwe lesi sipho esijabulisayo (futhi esingavamile!) kusukela ekuzalweni. Le "charm yomuntu siqu," njengoba uZach ebeka, yaletha impumelelo kaMogilevsky ekusebenzeni kwakhe kwasebuntwaneni; kamuva wanquma isiphetho sakhe sobuciko eBrussels. Kusaheha abantu kumakhonsathi akhe kuze kube yimanje.

(Phambilini, kwashiwo izikhathi ezingaphezu kwesisodwa ngento evamile ehlanganisa ikhonsathi nezigcawu zaseshashalazini. “Ingabe uyabazi abalingisi abanjalo okufanele bavele esiteji kuphela, futhi izethameli sezivele zibathanda?” kubhala u-KS Stanislavsky. Ngani? (Stanislavsky KS Zisebenzele ngokwakho enqubweni yokudala yokuzalwa komuntu // Imisebenzi eqoqiwe - M., 1955. T. 3. S. 234.))

Ubuhle bukaMogilevsky njengomdlali wekhonsathi, uma sishiya eceleni "okungaqondakali" futhi "okungachazeki", sekuvele kuyindlela yakhe yokuphimbola: ethambile, ebonisa ngothando; iphimbo lomdlali wopiyano—izikhalazo, iphimbo-ukububula, “amanothi” ezicelo zesisa, imithandazo iveza imizwa ngokukhethekileyo. Izibonelo zifaka phakathi ukusebenza kuka-Mogilevsky kokuqala kwe-Fourth Ballade ka-Chopin, itimu enamazwi asuka kumnyakazo Owesithathu we-Schumann's Fantasy ku-C enkulu, ephakathi kwempumelelo yakhe; umuntu angakhumbula okuningi ku-Second Sonata kanye ne-Third Concerto ka-Rachmaninov, emisebenzini kaTchaikovsky, i-Scriabin nabanye abalobi. Izwi lakhe lopiyano nalo liyathandeka - linomsindo omnandi, ngezinye izikhathi linobudedengu ngendlela ekhangayo, njengezwi le-lyrical tenor ku-opera - izwi elibonakala limbozwe ngenjabulo, ukufudumala, imibala ye-timbre enephunga elimnandi. (Ngezinye izikhathi, into eshisayo ngokomzwelo, enephunga elimnandi, enombala ogqinsile - ibonakala isemidwebeni yomsindo kaMogilevsky, akuyona yini intelezi yabo ekhethekile?)

Ekugcineni, isitayela somculi sibuye sihehe, indlela aziphatha ngayo phambi kwabantu: ukubonakala kwakhe esiteji, ukuma phakathi nomdlalo, ukushukuma komzimba. Kuye, kukho konke ukubukeka kwakhe ngemuva kwethuluzi, kukhona kokubili ubumnandi bangaphakathi nokuzalana okuhle, okubangela isimo sokungazikhetheli kuye. U-Mogilevsky kuma-clavirabends akhe akagcini nje ngokumnandi ukulalela, kumnandi ukumbheka.

Umculi muhle ikakhulukazi ku-romantic repertoire. Sekuyisikhathi eside ehlonishwa emisebenzini efana ne-Schumann's Kreisleriana kanye no-F sharp minor novelta, i-sonata ka-Liszt ku-B minor, i-etudes kanye ne-Petrarch's Sonnets, i-Fantasia ne-Fugue ngezindikimba ze-opera ka-Liszt ethi The Prophet – Busoni, impromptu kanye ne-Schucal Mosments. ”, i-sonatas kanye nekhonsathi Yesibili Yepiyano ka-Chopin. Kukulo mculo lapho igalelo lakhe ezilalelini libonakala kakhulu, amandla akhe esiteji, ikhono lakhe elihle lokucula. ukuthelela okuhlangenwe nakho kwabo kwabanye. Kwenzeka ukuthi isikhathi esithile sidlula ngemva komhlangano olandelayo nomdlali wepiyano futhi uqala ukucabanga: kwakungekho ukukhanya okwengeziwe ezitatimendeni zakhe zesiteji kunokujula? Ukukhanga okuthinta inkanuko okungaphezu kwalokho okuqondwa emculweni njengefilosofi, ukuzihlola okungokomoya, ukucwiliswa ngaphakathi kwakho? .. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi zonke lezi zinto ezicatshangelwayo zifika engqondweni kamuvalapho Mogilevsky conchaet dlala.

Kunzima kakhulu kuye ngama-classics. U-Mogilevsky, ngokushesha nje lapho bekhuluma naye ngalesi sihloko ngaphambili, ngokuvamile waphendula ngokuthi u-Bach, Scarlatti, Hynd, Mozart babengebona abalobi "bakhe". (Eminyakeni yakamuva, nokho, isimo sesishintshile ngandlela thize – kodwa okuningi kulokho kamuva.) Lezi, ngokusobala, izici ezingavamile “zengqondo” yokudala yomdlali wopiyano: kulula kuyena. vula emculweni we-post-Beethoven. Kodwa-ke, okunye okubalulekile - izici zomuntu ngamunye zendlela yakhe yokwenza.

Iphuzu eliyinhloko liwukuthi e-Mogilevsky yayihlale izibonakalisa kusukela ohlangothini oluzuzisa kakhulu ngokunembile ku-repertoire yothando. Ngokuhlobisa okungokomfanekiso, "umbala" ubusa kuwo phezu komdwebo, indawo enemibalabala - phezu kohlaka olunembe ngesithombe, umsindo owugqinsi - phezu kwestroke eyomile, engenazinyathelo. Okukhulu kuthatha indawo yokuqala kunencane, "okujwayelekile" kwenkondlo - ngaphezu kwento ethile, imininingwane, imininingwane eyenziwe ubucwebe.

Kwenzeka ukuthi ekudlaleni kukaMogilevsky umuntu angezwa umdwebo othile, isibonelo, ekuchazeni kwakhe ama-preludes ka-Chopin, ama-etudes, njll. I-contours yomsindo womdlali wepiyano ibonakala ingabonakali kancane ngezinye izikhathi (i-Ravel's "Night Gaspar", ama-miniatures ka-Scriabin, "Izithombe zikaDebussy". ”, “Izithombe Embukisweni »u-Mussorgsky, njll.) - njengoba nje kungabonakala emidwebeni yabaculi be-impressionist. Ngokungangabazeki, emculweni wohlobo oluthile - ukuthi, okokuqala, owazalwa ngomfutho wothando ozenzakalelayo - le nqubo iyakhanga futhi iyasebenza ngendlela yayo. Kepha hhayi kuma-classics, hhayi ekwakhiweni komsindo ocacile futhi osobala wekhulu lesi-XNUMX.

U-Mogilevsky akayeki ukusebenza namuhla "ekuqedeni" amakhono akhe. Lokhu kuzwakala futhi ukuthi uyadlala - yibaphi ababhali nemisebenzi abhekisela kuyo - ngakho-ke, as ubheka manje esiteji sekhonsathi. Kuyizimpawu ukuthi amakhonsathi ambalwa kaHaydn kanye namakhonsathi epiyano kaMozart aphinde afunda avela ezinhlelweni zakhe maphakathi nasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-33; ungene kulezi zinhlelo futhi wasungula kuzo imidlalo efana nethi “Elegy” nethi “Tambourine” kaRameau-Godowsky, “Giga” kaLully-Godowsky. Futhi ngokuqhubekayo. Izingoma zikaBeethoven zaqala ukuzwakala kaningi kusihlwa - amakhonsathi epiyano (wonke amahlanu), ukuhlukahluka okungu-XNUMX ku-Waltz kaDiabelli, amashumi amabili nesishiyagalolunye, amashumi amathathu nesibili kanye namanye ama-sonatas, i-Fantasia yopiyano, ikhwaya ne-orchestra, njll. Kunjalo, kunikeza ukwazi ukukhangwa kwakudala okuza neminyaka kuwo wonke abaculi abanohlonze. Kodwa hhayi kuphela. Isifiso esiqhubekayo sika-Evgeny Gedeonovich sokuthuthukisa, ukuthuthukisa "ubuchwepheshe" bomdlalo wakhe nakho kunomphumela. Futhi ama-classics kuleli cala abalulekile ...

“Namuhla ngibhekene nezinkinga engingazange ngizinake ngokwanele ebusheni bami,” kusho uMogilevsky. Ukwazi ngokwezinga elijwayelekile i-biography yokudala yomdlali wepiyano, akunzima ukuqagela ukuthi yini efihliwe ngemuva kwala mazwi. Iqiniso liwukuthi yena, umuntu onesiphiwo esikhulu, wadlala insimbi kusukela ebuntwaneni ngaphandle komzamo omkhulu; yayinazo zombili izinhlangothi zayo ezinhle nezingezinhle. Okubi - ngoba kukhona okuzuziwe kwezobuciko okuthola ukubaluleka kuphela ngenxa yokunqoba kweciko ngenkani "yokumelana nezinto." UTchaikovsky uthe inhlanhla yokudala ngokuvamile kufanele "isebenze". Okufanayo, kunjalo, emsebenzini womculi odlalayo.

U-Mogilevsky udinga ukuthuthukisa indlela yakhe yokudlala, ukufeza ubuqili obukhulu bokuhlobisa kwangaphandle, ukucwengwa ekuthuthukisweni kwemininingwane, hhayi nje ukuze afinyelele eminye imisebenzi yobuciko yama-classics - i-Scarlatti, i-Haydn noma i-Mozart. Lokhu kudingwa nawumculo ajwayele ukuwucula. Ngisho noma enza, kuyavunywa, ngempumelelo kakhulu, njengokuthi, isibonelo, i-sonata encane ka-Medtner, noma i-sonata ka-Bartok (1926), i-Concerto yokuqala ka-Liszt noma i-Second ka-Prokofiev. Umshayi wopiyano uyazi—futhi namuhla kangcono kunangaphambili—ukuthi noma ubani ofuna ukukhuphukela ngaphezu kwezinga “lokuhle” noma “okuhle kakhulu” lokudlala kuyadingeka kulezi zinsuku ukuze abe namakhono angenasici, okusebenza kahle. Yilokho kuphela okungase "kuhlushwe ngaphandle".

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Ngo-1987, kwenzeka isenzakalo esithakazelisayo ekuphileni Mogilevsky. Wamenywa njengelungu lejaji eMqhudelwaneni weNdlovukazi u-Elizabeth e-Brussels - okufanayo lapho ake, eminyakeni engama-27 edlule, awina khona indondo yegolide. Wakhumbula okuningi, wacabanga okuningi ngesikhathi esetafuleni lelungu lejaji - nangendlela ayeyihambile kusukela ngo-1964, ngalokho okwase kwenziwa, okwazuzwa ngalesi sikhathi, kanye nalokho okwakungakenziwa, ubungakenziwa ngendlela obungathanda ngayo. Imicabango enjalo, ngezinye izikhathi okunzima ukuyiklama futhi ihlanganise ngokunembile, ihlale ibalulekile kubantu bomsebenzi wokudala: ukuletha ukungahlaliseki nokukhathazeka emphefumulweni, kufana nokufaka umfutho okubakhuthaza ukuba baqhubekele phambili.

E-Brussels, uMogilevsky wezwa abadlali bopiyano abaningi abasha abavela emhlabeni wonke. Ngakho-ke wathola, njengoba esho, umbono wezinye zezitayela zesici ekusebenzeni kwepiyano yesimanje. Ikakhulukazi, kuye kwabonakala sengathi umugqa wokulwa ne-romantic manje ubusa ngokucacile nakakhulu.

Ekupheleni kweminyaka engu-XNUMXs, kwaba neminye imicimbi yobuciko ethokozisayo nemihlangano ye-Mogilev; kwakukhona izingoma eziningi zomculo ezikhanyayo ezamthonya ngandlela-thile, zamjabulisa, zashiya umkhondo enkumbulweni yakhe. Ngokwesibonelo, akakhathali ukwabelana ngemicabango eshisekayo ephefumulelwe amakhonsathi ka-Evgeny Kissin. Futhi kungaqondwa: kwezobuciko, ngezinye izikhathi umuntu omdala angakwazi ukudweba, afunde enganeni engekho ngaphansi kwengane kumuntu omdala. U-Kissin uvame ukuhlaba umxhwele uMogilevsky. Mhlawumbe uzizwa kuye okuthile okufana naye - kunoma yikuphi, uma sikhumbula isikhathi lapho yena ngokwakhe eqala umsebenzi wakhe wesiteji. U-Yevgeny Gedeonovich uyakuthanda ukudlala komdlali wepiyano osemncane futhi ngoba kuphambene “nomkhuba ophikisana nezothando” awuqaphela eBrussels.

…UMogilevsky ungumdlali wekhonsathi osebenzayo. Ubelokhu ethandwa umphakathi, kusukela ezinyathelweni zakhe zokuqala esiteji. Siyamthanda ngethalenta lakhe, okuthi, naphezu kwazo zonke izinguquko ezinkambisweni, izitayela, ukunambitheka kanye nezimfashini, bekulokhu futhi kuzohlala kuyinani "lenombolo yokuqala" kwezobuciko. Konke kungafinyelelwa, kuzuzwe, “kuphucwe” ngaphandle kwelungelo lokubizwa ngeThalente. (“Ungafundisa indlela yokwengeza amamitha, kodwa awukwazi ukufunda indlela yokwengeza izingathekiso,” u-Aristotle wake wathi.) Nokho, uMogilevsky akalingabazi leli lungelo.

G. Tsypin