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Umsindo ongeyona i-chord kusibhithi esiphansi esibambezela ukufakwa kwenothi le-chord eliseduze. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili ze-Z.: ezilungisiwe (umsindo we-Z. uhlala usuka ku-chord yangaphambilini ezwini elifanayo noma ufakwe ku-chord yangaphambili kwelinye iphimbo) futhi awulungiselelwe (umsindo we-Z. awukho ku-chord yangaphambilini; ebizwa nangokuthi i-apodjatura). Okuphekiwe Z. kuqukethe izikhathi ezintathu: ukulungiselela, Z. kanye nemvume, engalungiselelwe - ezimbili: Z. kanye nemvume.
Palestrina. I-Motet.
PI Tchaikovsky. I-symphony yesi-4, ukunyakaza II.
Ukulungiswa kwe-Z. nakho kungenziwa ngomsindo ongahlangene (njengokungathi ngendlela ye-Z.). U-Z. Engalungiselelwe uvame ukuba nesimo sokudlula noma isilekeleli (njengasenothi lesi-2) umsindo owela ngesigqi esinzima sesilinganiso. Umsindo we-Z. uxazululwa ngokuhambisa isekhondi elikhulu noma elincane phansi, elincane kanye (akuvamile) phezulu kwesekhondi elikhulu. Ukulungiswa kungabambezeleka ngokwethula eminye imisindo phakathi kwakho no-Z. - iculo noma i-non-chord.
Ngokuvamile kukhona okuthiwa. kabili (ngamazwi amabili) kanye nakathathu (ngamazwi amathathu) Z. Okulungiselelwe kabili u-Z. kungakhiwa kulezo zimo lapho, lapho kushintsha ukuvumelana, amazwi amabili aya kumzuzwana omkhulu noma omncane - ohlangothini olulodwa (okuhambisanayo kwesithathu noma okwesine) noma ngezindlela eziphambene. Ngo-Z. olungiselelwe kathathu, amazwi amabili ahamba aye ohlangothini olulodwa, futhi okwesithathu abheke ngakolunye uhlangothi, noma wonke amazwi amathathu aya ohlangothini olufanayo (izinhlamvu zesithupha ezihambisanayo noma ama-quarter-sextakhords). Izinhlamvu ezingalungiselelwe eziphindwe kabili nezikathathu aziboshiwe yilezi zimo zokubunjwa. I-bass ekubambezelekeni okuphindwe kabili nokukathathu ngokuvamile ayibandakanyi futhi ihlala isendaweni, okunomthelela ekuboneni okucacile koshintsho ekuvumelaneni. Okuphindwe kabili nokukathathu z. ingase ingaxazululwa ngesikhathi esisodwa, kodwa ngokushintshana ekuwohlokeni. amavoti; ukulinganiswa komsindo obambezelekile kuzwi ngalinye kungaphansi kwemithetho efanayo nokucaciswa kwe-Z eyodwa. Ngenxa yemethrikhi yayo. isikhundla sesabelo esiqinile, i-Z., ikakhulukazi engalungiselelwe, inethonya elikhulu ku-harmonic. mpo; ngosizo lwe-Z., ongwaqa abangafakiwe ku-classical bangakhiwa. amaculo (isib. okwesine nesihlanu). Z. (njengomthetho, okulungiselelwe, okuhlanganisa kabili nokuphindwe kathathu) kwakusetshenziswe kabanzi ngenkathi ye-polyphony yokubhala okuqinile. Ngemuva kokugunyazwa kwe-homophony Z. ngezwi eliphezulu elihamba phambili lakha isici esibalulekile salokho okubizwa ngokuthi. isitayela esihle (ngekhulu le-18); ezinjalo Z. zazivame ukuhlotshaniswa “nokububula”. L. Beethoven, elwela ukwenza umculo wakhe ube lula, ukuqina kanye nobudoda, wanciphisa ngamabomu ukusetshenziswa kwe-Z. Abanye abacwaningi bachaza lesi sici somculo ka-Beethoven ngegama elithi “umculo ophelele”.
Igama elithi Z. ngokusobala lasetshenziswa okokuqala nguG. Zarlino encwadini yakhe ethi Le istitutioni harmoniche, 1558, p. 197. Z. ngaleso sikhathi wawuhunyushwa njengomsindo ongazwani, odinga ukulungiswa okufanele kanye nesinqumo sokwehla kahle. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-16-17. Ukulungiselela kuka-Z. kwakungasabhekwa njengempoqo. Kusukela ekhulwini le-17 leminyaka u-Z. ubhekwa ngokuqhubekayo njengengxenye ye-chord, futhi imfundiso ka-Z. ifakiwe kwisayensi yokuvumelana (ikakhulukazi kusukela ngekhulu le-18). Amaculo “Angaxazululiwe” ngokomlando alungiselela enye yezinhlobo zengoma entsha yekhulu lama-20. (ongwaqa abanamathoni angeziwe, noma aseceleni).
References: Chevalier L., Umlando wemfundiso yokuvumelana, trans. kusukela eFrench, eMoscow, ngo-1931; Sposobin I., Evseev S., Dubovsky I., Inkambo ewusizo yokuvumelana, ingxenye II, M., 1935 (isigaba 1); Guiliemus Monachus, De preceptis artis musice and practice compendiosus, libellus, in Coussemaker E. de, Scriptorum de musica medii-aevi…, t. 3, XXIII, Hlldesheim, 1963, p. 273-307; Zarlino G., Le institutioni harmonice. Ifeksi ye-1558 Venice edition, NY, 1965, 3 parte, cap. 42, ikhasi. 195-99; U-Riemann H. Geschichte der Musiktheorie im IX-XIX. Jahrh., Lpz., 1898; Piston W., Harmony, NY, 1941; Chominski JM, Historia harmonii kanye kontrapunktu, t. 1-2, Kr., 1958-62.
Yu. H. Kholopov
