Umculo wesintu wesiNgisi: umoya ongaguquki wesiko

Umculo wesintu wesiNgisi njengengxenye yomlando wesiNgisi wasungulwa ngaphansi kwethonya lezenzakalo zomlando zezinkathi ezahlukene, amasiko amasiko kanye nezintandokazi zobuhle zezakhamuzi zezifunda ezithile zezwe.

Inganekwane yamaNgisi isuka ezinganekwaneni zezizwe okwabunjwa kuzo isizwe samaNgisi - ama-Angles, amaSaxon, amaJutes, kanye nezizwe zamaCeltic namaJalimane. Ukusondela kwe-Ireland, i-Wales, ne-Scotland akukwazanga ukubonakaliswa ngokufana kwezisusa nokuhlobana kwezindikimba nabalingiswa benganekwane balawa mazwe anobuciko bendabuko besiNgisi.

Izindikimba nezinhlamvu zezinganekwane zesiNgisi

Yini futhi eculwa mayelana nobani ezingomeni zomdabu zaseNgilandi? Ake sibale izithombe ezimbalwa ezibalulekile:

• Omunye wezinhlamvu ezimaphakathi ze-epic yesiNgisi ngu King Arthur - umholi odumile wamaBritons ekulweni nabanqobi. Abukho ubufakazi obungenakuphikiswa bokuba khona kwakhe komlando, kodwa izinganekwane eziningi nezinsumansumane ngaye kanye namaqhawe akhe angamaqhawe etafula eliyindilinga seziyingxenye ebalulekile yezinganekwane zamaNgisi.
• Elinye iqhawe lama-ballads nezinganekwane zesiNgisi, iqiniso lokuthi ubukhona balo buhlala buphikisana Robin Hood - umholi odumile wabaphangi ababegebenga abacebile eSherwood Forest futhi wanika abampofu nabampofu impango.
• Ngaphezu kwalokho, umlando wesiNgisi, kanye nowaseScottish, ugcwele izinto eziningi eziyinqaba abalingiswa bezinganekwane - imimoya, izipoki, amademoni, ama-brownies, amadragoni nezinye izidalwa zezinganekwane. Lezi zokugcina zihlanganisa ama-elves, ama-troll, amazimuzimu, abathakathi.

Ngakho-ke, izinganekwane, njengomthetho, zikhanyisa ubuqhawe bomzabalazo wenkululeko noma izithombe zothando zabavikeli abahloniphekile besigaba esicindezelwe, futhi ziphinde zikhiqize izinkolelo nezinsumansumane ezithile zamaqaba zenkathi yangaphambi kobuKristu emlandweni waseNgilandi.

Izinhlobo zezingoma zomculo wesintu wesiNgisi nezici zazo

Ngokulandelana kwezikhathi, ukuhlukaniswa komculo wesintu waseNgilandi njengongqimba oluhlukile lwamasiko kuhambisana nokufika kwama-Angles eziqhingini ngekhulu lesi-XNUMX AD. e. Njengoba kwakungaqoshwanga umculo ngaleso sikhathi, sinombono ojwayelekile wefomu nokuqukethwe kwezingoma zokuqala zesintu zesiNgisi. Kamuva, ngesisekelo sezingoma zesiNgisi zendabuko, izinhlobo ezifana ne-carol, jig, shanti, hornpipe zakhiwa.

Carol okwamanje ehlotshaniswa nengoma kaKhisimusi, nakuba empeleni uhla lwalolu hlobo lubanzi kakhulu: lungase lube inhlanganisela yezwe nelomoya, noma lokho okubizwa ngokuthi izingoma ze-paraliturgical, ezisebenzisa izindaba zeBhayibheli kanye nemibhalo engekho emthethweni ngokukhazimulisa UJesu Kristu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezingoma eziningi zokuphuza, i-lullaby, izingoma zezingane kuhlobo lwe-carol.

Enye yezinhlobo zezingoma ezidume kakhulu zomculo wesintu wesiNgisi yi i-ballad. Ezikhathini ezihlukene zomlando, ama-ballads ayecula amaqhawe esizwe (isibonelo, iNkosi u-Arthur noma u-Robin Hood) futhi ayenesakhiwo esilandisayo esimweni sothando esingokomzwelo. I-ballad, njenge-carol, ekuqaleni yayidlalwa ngokuhambisana nomdanso oyindilinga (umdanso oyindilinga) futhi kamuva yaqhunyiswa njengohlobo lwengoma oluzimele.

Ulwandle izingoma zokucula Ekuqaleni, ayenezinjongo ezimbili: ukuhlanganisa ukunyakaza kwamatilosi lapho enza noma yimuphi umsebenzi wemikhumbi kanye nokukhanyisa ukuzijabulisa okuyisidina nokubi ngemva komsebenzi onzima. Izingoma zalolu hlobo zihlukaniswa ngokugcizelela kwesici kumagama athile, lapho amatilosi enza umzamo wokuvumelanisa (i-jerk yentambo, isibonelo).

“Imikhono eluhlaza” noma “Imikhono eluhlaza” - enye yezingoma zesiNgisi ezidume kakhulu ezehlele kithi kusukela eNkathini Ephakathi. Umculo ongaqondakali futhi othakathayo ufaka umlaleli enkathini yamaqhawe anamandla nezintokazi ezinhle. Ukubhalwa kwengoma ngezinye izikhathi kunikezwa iNkosi uHenry VIII, okuthiwa wayinikezela ku-Anne Boleyn wakhe othandekayo. Ake silalele futhi sikhumbule lo mculo.

Izinhlobo zokudansa zomculo wesintu wesiNgisi nezici zazo

Igama laso ngolimi lwesiNgisi umdanso we-jig ibolekwe ku-violin encane, lapho kuhambisana nomculo womdanso. I-jig esheshayo ngobukhulu be-12/8 yenziwa, njengomthetho, ngamadoda ahlelwe emgqeni owodwa, efanekisela udonga lwenqaba. Inguqulo yomdanso yabesifazane eyengeziwe yenziwa ngesikhathi sika-9/8 futhi ihilela ukusetshenziswa kwezicathulo ezithambile, ezinwebekayo. Indlela ye-jig iqukethe ukweqa okuningi, ama-pirouette, namaslayidi enziwa ngesigqi esihlukile kuye ngohlobo lomdanso.

Omunye umdanso wesintu wamaNgisi - umbhobho eqanjwe ngelinye ithuluzi lomculo - umoya waseScotland futhi unezinhlobo eziningana, phakathi kwazo ezidume kakhulu yiRickets Hornpipe kanye neLadies Hornpipe. Wenziwa ngamaphethini ahlukahlukene anesigqi futhi ubonakala ngokunyakazisa amaqakala. Ekuqaleni yenziwa ngamadoda kuphela, namuhla iyatholakala nakwabesifazane.

Umdanso uMorris (noma umdanso ophethe izinkemba) nawo ekuqaleni wenziwa ngamadoda kuphela futhi wawuwuhlobo lwesenzo esinikezelwe ekugubheni uSuku lukaMeyi. Izazi-mlando zikholelwa ukuthi umdanso unezimpande zobuqaba futhi wavela ngesisekelo semikhuba yasendulo. Kwenziwa kuhambisana nomculo we-bagpipes nezigubhu. Abantu abaningi abangamaNgisi basakholelwa ukuthi umdanso kaMorris uletha inhlanhla kubo bobabili izethameli nabadlali.

Izinsimbi zomculo zesintu zesiNgisi

Izikhathi zomlando ezihlukene zacebisa iqoqo lezinsimbi ezisetshenziswa ekuculweni komculo wesintu wesiNgisi ngamasampula enza umsindo ngendlela engavamile nowangempela.

Enye yazo ilute, insimbi ekhatshulwe enezintambo eyafika ezinganekwaneni zamaNgisi okungenzeka isuka kusiko lwase-Arabia. Ekuqaleni, i-lute yayinezintambo ezingu-4-5, enguqulweni yanamuhla insimbi ingaba nezintambo ezingaba ngu-35, ngakho-ke isimo sayo sishintshile ngandlela-thile.

Enye insimbi yomculo yomdabu yaseNgilandi ebizwa ngokuthi i-dulcimer egqinsiwe (noma amasimbali) - insimbi eshaywayo enezintambo ebekwe esitendini phambi komculi osebenzisa izando ezikhethekile ukuze akhiphe imisindo.

Imvamisa, lapho kwenziwa inganekwane yesiNgisi, kusetshenziswa ihabhu, icilongo, ithamborini, i-shawm (uhlobo lwe-oboe), i-hurdy gurdy (noma i-hurdy gurdy), i-violin namapayipi e-bagpipe.

Umculo wesintu wesiNgisi namuhla

Umnikelo omkhulu ekuhlelweni kwezinganekwane zamaNgisi kanye nokulondolozwa kwamagugu amasiko wenziwa nguCecil James Sharp (1859-1924). Lo thisha wesiNgisi kanye nesazi somculo ukwazile ukuhlela izinto eziqoqwe amaqembu e-ethnographic ahlukahlukene futhi waqoqa iqoqo eliyingqayizivele lamavolumu amaningi lezingoma zomdabu namabhaladi. Abalandeli bakaSharpe baqhubeka nomsebenzi wakhe. Namuhla, intshisekelo yomculo wesintu wesiNgisi iyagcinwa ngemikhosi yendabuko, kanye nokungena kwezithombe zomdabu emculweni wesimanje.

Umbhali - Igor Svetlichenko