Izinyathelo eziyinhloko zemodi: i-tonic, i-subdominant futhi inamandla

Kunezinyathelo ezintathu ezikhethekile esikalini esikhulu noma esincane - esokuqala, sesine nesesihlanu. Lezi zinyathelo zibhekwa njengeziyinhloko, futhi zibizwa ngisho nangendlela ekhethekile: eyokuqala ibizwa ngokuthi i-tonic, eyesine yi-subdominant, kanti eyesihlanu iyinhloko.

Ngokuyinhloko, lezi zinyathelo zifushaniswa ngosonhlamvukazi T, S kanye no-D. Ezincane, zibhalwa ngezinhlamvu ezifanayo, kuphela izinhlamvu ezincane, ezincane: t, s kanye no-d.

Isibonelo, kukhiye we-C enkulu, izinyathelo ezinjalo eziyinhloko kuzoba imisindo ethi DO (tonic), FA (subdominant) kanye ne-SALT (ebusayo). Kukhiye we-D minor, i-tonic iwumsindo RE, i-subdominant umsindo S, futhi oyinhloko umsindo LA.

IZIVIVINYO: thola izinyathelo eziyinhloko kokhiye abakhulu, B-flat enkulu, E minor, F minor. Ungakhohlwa ukuthi ukhiye ngamunye unezimpawu zawo eziyinhloko - ama-sharps namaflethi, futhi kufanele acatshangelwe uma ubiza umsindo ohambisana nezinga elifunayo.

Kungani lezi zigaba zibizwa ngokuthi yizona eziyinhloko?

Imisindo evumelanayo ihlukaniswa, njengokungathi, yaba amaqembu amathathu, noma, uma sikubeka ngenye indlela, ihlukaniswe yaba amaqembu amathathu. Iqembu ngalinye lemisindo lenza umsebenzi walo ochazwe ngokuqinile, okungukuthi, indima ekuthuthukisweni komsebenzi womculo.

I-Tonic, i-subdominant futhi evelele "abaholi" noma "okaputeni" bala maqembu amathathu. Singakwazi ukubona kalula wonke amalungu eqembu ngalinye uma sakha unxantathu esinyathelweni ngasinye esiyinhloko - esokuqala, sesine noma sesihlanu.

Uma, isibonelo, sakha ama-triad esiwadingayo ku-C enkulu, sizothola okulandelayo: i-triad kusuka ku-tonic - DO, MI, SOL; unxantathu ovela kokungaphansi - FA, LA, DO; unxantathu kusuka kokubusayo - SOL, SI, RE. Manje ake sibone ukuthi yiziphi izinyathelo ezithile ezifakiwe eqenjini ngalinye.

Ngakho, "ithimba" le-tonic noma, ngokunembile, iqembu le-tonic lihlanganisa isinyathelo sokuqala, sesithathu nesesihlanu. Ungase ukhumbule ukuthi lezi zinyathelo zibizwa nangokuthi izinyathelo eziqhubekayo futhi ndawonye zakha i-tonic triad.

Eqenjini elingaphansi noma eqenjini elincane kwakukhona izinyathelo ezinjalo: okwesine, kwesithupha kanye neyokuqala. Lo zintathu uzobizwa ngokuthi i-subdominant. Ngendlela, kungenzeka ukuthi uqaphele ukuthi isinyathelo sokuqala sifakwe emaqenjini amabili ngesikhathi esisodwa - ku-tonic (nguye umholi lapho) futhi ku-subdominant eyodwa. Lokhu akufanele kusimangaze, lesi sigaba sisebenza kabili (okubili), okungukuthi, singashintshana ngokudlala indima eyodwa noma enye, kuye ngokuthi imvelo ikuphi.

Sizofaka isinyathelo sesihlanu, sesikhombisa nesesibili eqenjini elivelele. Unxantathu walo myalo ubizwa nangokuthi i-dominant triad. Futhi inesinyathelo esisebenza kabili - okwesihlanu, okungukuthi, okubusayo ngokwayo, okungasebenza kokubili eqenjini layo futhi kusize i-tonic, kuye ngokuthi yini umqambi ayibekela yona.

Onxantathu ezinyathelweni eziyinhloko esizakhile babizwa ngokuthi onxantathu abayinhloko bemodi. Banayo yonke imisindo yethonilithi. Futhi esinye isici esithakazelisayo kubo ukuthi okhiye abakhulu abathathu abayinhloko bakhulu, okungukuthi, abakhulu; okhiye abancane bancane, okungukuthi, bancane. Ngakho-ke, ama-triad ayinhloko awagxili kuphela amandla amakhulu e-tonality ngokwabo, kodwa futhi abonisa kahle imodi yawo - enkulu noma encane.

Yimiphi imisebenzi eyenziwa yila maqembu nezinyathelo?

tonic yenza umsebenzi wokuzinza, ukuthula. Imisindo ye-Tonic triad ifanele ukuphetha ingoma noma ucezu lwensimbi ethile. Lona umsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu, ngoba ngaphandle kwawo besingeke siqonde ukuthi umsebenzi usuphelile, futhi isiphetho sase sifikile, ngabe sihlezi ngokuqhubekayo ehholo lekhonsathi, silindele ukuqhubeka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-tonic ihlale ikhulula ukungezwani okuvela kweminye imisebenzi.

Kongaphansi ingabizwa ngokuthi injini yentuthuko yomculo. Ukusetshenziswa kwayo kuhlale kuhlotshaniswa nokunyakaza, ngokusuka kwe-tonic. Ngokuvamile, ukushintshela kwabanye okhiye, okungukuthi, ukuguquguquka, kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa i-subdominant. Ukunyakaza kwemisindo ye-subdominant kuqongelela ukungezwani.

Okukhulu kakhulu – amandla aphambene ne-subdominant. Futhi uyanyakaza kakhulu, kodwa ukungezwani kwakhe kukhulu kakhulu kunokubusa, kwenza isimo sibe sibi kakhulu kangangokuthi “ukufuna indlela yokuphuma” okuphuthumayo kuyadingeka ngempela. Ngakho-ke, uma i-subdominant isiholela kude ne-tonic ngaso sonke isikhathi, khona-ke okubusayo, ngokuphambene nalokho, kuholela kuyo.

Zibizwa ngani ezinye izinyathelo?

Zonke ezinye izigaba, ezingahlobene neziyinhloko, zibizwa ngokuthi yesibili. Lena umsindo wesibili, wesithathu, wesithupha nowesikhombisa esikalini. Futhi yebo, nabo banamagama abo akhethekile.

Ake siqale ngezinyathelo eziseduze ne-tonic. Lena eyesikhombisa neyesibili. Babizwa izinyathelo zesethulo. Iqiniso liwukuthi azinzile, futhi zikhangwa kakhulu ku-tonic, njengomthetho, zixazululwa kuwo futhi ngakho-ke, njengokungathi, zisethule kumsindo obaluleke kakhulu we-tonality, zikhonza njengohlobo lomqhubi. Isinyathelo sesikhombisa sibizwa ngokuthi umsindo ophansi wesingeniso, kanti okwesibili - isingeniso esiphezulu.

Isinyathelo sesithathu nesesithupha sibizwa abalamuli. Kusukela olimini lwesiLatini igama elithi "media" lihunyushwa ngokuthi "maphakathi". Lezi zinyathelo ziyisixhumanisi esimaphakathi, iphoyinti eliphakathi endleleni ukusuka ku-tonic ukuya kokubusayo noma kwe-subdominant. Isinyathelo sesithathu sibizwa ngokuthi umlamuli ongenhla (ophawulwe ngokuthi M), kanti esesithupha sibizwa ngokuthi umlamuli ophansi noma umxhumanisi (isifinyezo saso sithi Sm).

Ukwazi izinyathelo eziyinhloko nemisebenzi yazo, kanye nomqondo wokuthi izinyathelo eziseceleni zizwakala kanjani, kusiza kakhulu ukuzulazula ukhiye - ukuzwa izingoma ezakhiwe, izikhathi ezikuwo, khetha ngokushesha okuhambisanayo, ukwakha imisho efanele kanye namandla. ngesikhathi sokusebenza.

Okokugcina, ngingathanda ukuphinda ngidonse ukunaka kwakho eqinisweni lokuthi izinyathelo eziyinhloko nezinyathelo ezizinzile ziyizinto ezihlukene. Izinyathelo eziyinhloko ngesokuqala, sesine, sesihlanu, kanti ezinzile ngesokuqala, sesithathu nesesihlanu. Zama ukungabaphambanisi!

Ividiyo: ukuthi izinyathelo eziyinhloko zizwakala kanjani kokhiye be-C enkulu kanye no-A minor