Isikali, ama-octave namanothi

Okufanele ukwazi ngaphambi kokuqala isifundo:

• Imisindo yomculo.

Isikali ne-octave

Imisindo yomculo yakha iqoqo lemisindo yomculo, eqala kwemisindo ephansi kakhulu iye kwephezulu kakhulu. Kunemisindo eyisikhombisa eyisisekelo yesikali: do, re, mi, fa, salt, la, si. Imisindo eyisisekelo ibizwa ngokuthi izinyathelo.

Izinyathelo eziyisikhombisa zesikali zakha i-octave, kuyilapho imvamisa yemisindo ku-octave ngayinye elandelayo izoba phezulu ngokuphindwe kabili kunakwedlule, futhi imisindo efanayo ithola amagama ezinyathelo ezifanayo. Kukhona ama-octaves ayisishiyagalolunye kuphela. I-octave ephakathi nenqwaba yemisindo esetshenziswa emculweni ibizwa ngokuthi i-octave yokuQala, bese kuba owesibili, owesithathu, owesine, bese ekugcineni owesihlanu. Ama-octave angaphansi kwewokuqala anamagama: I-octave encane, Enkulu, I-Controctave, I-Subcontroctave. I-subcontroctave iyi-octave ezwakalayo ephansi kakhulu. Ama-Octave angaphansi kwe-Subcontroctave nangaphezulu kwe-Fifth Octave awasetshenziswa emculweni futhi awanawo amagama.

Indawo yemingcele yefrikhwensi yama-octave inemibandela futhi ikhethwa ngendlela yokuthi i-octave ngayinye iqale ngesinyathelo sokuqala (inothi Do) sesilinganiso samathoni ayishumi nambili esinomoya ofanayo kanye nemvamisa yesinyathelo sesi-6 (inothi A) i-octave yokuqala izoba ngu-440 Hz.

Imvamisa yesinyathelo sokuqala se-octave eyodwa kanye nesinyathelo sokuqala se-octave esiyilandelayo (i-octave interval) izohluka izikhathi ezi-2 ngqo. Isibonelo, inothi A ye-octave yokuqala ine-frequency engu-440 hertz, futhi inothi A ye-octave yesibili ine-frequency engu-880 hertz. Imisindo yomculo, imvamisa yayo ehluka kabili, ibonwa yindlebe njengefana kakhulu, njengokuphindaphinda komsindo owodwa, kuphela ezindaweni ezahlukene (ungaphambanisi nokuvumelana, lapho imisindo inefrikhwensi efanayo). Lesi simo sibizwa ngokuthi ukufana kwe-octave kwemisindo .

isikali semvelo

Ukusatshalaliswa okufanayo kwemisindo yesikali phezu kwama-semitone kubizwa ngokuthi ubuntu isikali noma i isikali semvelo . Isikhawu phakathi kwemisindo emibili encikene ohlelweni olunjalo ibizwa ngokuthi i-semitone.

Ibanga lama-semitone amabili lenza ithoni ephelele. Kuphela phakathi kwamapheya amabili amanothi ayikho ithoni ephelele, iphakathi kuka-mi no-fa, kanye no-si no-do. Ngakho, i-octave iqukethe amasemitone ayishumi nambili alinganayo.

Amagama nokuqanjwa kwemisindo

Emisindweni eyishumi nambili ku-octave, eyisikhombisa kuphela enamagama ayo (do, re, mi, fa, salt, la, si). Ezinhlanu ezisele zinamagama asuselwa kwayisikhombisa ayinhloko, okusetshenziselwa izinhlamvu ezikhethekile: # - ebukhali kanye no-b - flat. I-Sharp isho ukuthi umsindo utholakala phezulu nge-semitone yomsindo oxhunywe kuwo, futhi isicaba sisho ngaphansi. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi phakathi kwe-mi ne-fa, kanye naphakathi kuka-si no-c, kukhona i-semitone kuphela, ngakho-ke angeke kube khona i-c flat noma i-mi ebukhali.

Uhlelo olungenhla lokuqamba amanothi luvela ehubeleni lika-St. John, ngoba amagama amanothi ayisithupha okuqala, ama-syllables okuqala emigqa yehubo, eyaculwa nge-octave ekhuphukayo.

Olunye uhlelo oluvamile lokuphawula lwamanothi isiLatini: amanothi achazwa ngezinhlamvu zezinhlamvu zesiLatini C, D, E, F, G, A, H (funda u-“ha”).

Sicela uqaphele ukuthi inothi u-si akushiwo ngohlamvu B, kodwa ngo-H, futhi uhlamvu B lusho u-B-flat (nakuba lo mthetho uya ngokwephulwa ezincwadini zolimi lwesiNgisi nakwezinye izincwadi zokucula isiginci). Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwengeza iflethi kunothi, -es kubalwa egameni layo (isibonelo, i-Ces - C-flat), kanye nokwengeza elibukhali - kungukuthi. Okuhlukile emagameni abonisa onkamisa: As, Es.

E-United States naseHungary, inothi u-si uqanjwe kabusha ngokuthi ti, ukuze ungadideki nombhalo C (“si”) ngombhalo wesiLatini, lapho umele inothi ngaphambili.