Ikhalenda lomculo – February

Emlandweni womculo, uFebhuwari waphawulwa ngokuzalwa kwabaqambi abakhulu njengo-Alexander Dargomyzhsky, uGeorg Friedrich Handel noFeliksi Mendelssohn.

Kodwa umphakathi waseshashalazini awuzange uhlale ucasukile. Kule nyanga kubonakale umbukiso wokuqala wendalo emihle njengo-Boris Godunov ka-Mussorgsky kanye no-Khovanshchina, eka-Rossini ethi The Barber of Seville kanye neka-Puccini ethi Madama Butterfly.

Umculo wabo uthinta izinhliziyo zethu

3 February 1809 unyaka wabonakala emhlabeni wonke eHamburg, eJalimane Felix Mendelssohn-Bartholdi. USchumann wambiza ngokuthi iMozart yekhulu le-19. Ngomsebenzi wakhe, wayefuna ukukhulisa isiko lomculo lomphakathi waseJalimane, ukuqinisa amasiko esizwe, nokufundisa ochwepheshe abafundile. Futhi emculweni wemashi yakhe yomshado edumile, osekuyiminyaka engu-170 izwakala, izigidi zabantu emhlabeni wonke zishadile.

14 February 1813 unyaka edolobhaneni laseVoskresensky, esifundazweni saseTula, wazalelwa Alexander Dargomyzhsky, isandulela sekusasa lamaqiniso emculweni waseRussia. Emfundweni yakhe yasekhaya, indawo enkulu yanikezwa indawo yaseshashalazini, izinkondlo nomculo. Kwakuwuthando lobuciko olwagxiliswa ebuntwaneni olwanquma uthando olwengeziwe lokudlala upiyano nokwakheka. Isifiso sakhe sokuveza iqiniso lokuphila ngezindlela zomculo sagcwaliseka kuma-opera, ikakhulukazi, ku- "Mermaid", nasezindabeni zothando, nasezintweni ze-orchestra.

21 February 1791 unyaka kwazalelwa umfana e-Austria, ogama lakhe laziwa namuhla kuwo wonke umdlali wopiyano osemusha, UCarl Czerny. Umfundi ka-Beethoven, wakha isikole sopiyano esiyingqayizivele, okuhlanganisa ukuvivinya umzimba okuningi, ama-etudes ezinhlobonhlobo eziyinkimbinkimbi, okuvumela abadlali bopiyano ukuthi kancane kancane basebenzise amasu ahluke kakhulu okudlala upiyano. UFranz Liszt wayengomunye wabafundi baseCzerny abadume kakhulu.

23 February 1685 unyaka wabona umhlaba indoda egama layo laba ngomunye odume kakhulu emlandweni womculo - UGeorg Friedrich Handel. Umdali Wokukhanya, wayelindele ukuthuthukiswa okusheshayo kwezinhlobo ze-oratorio ne-opera, wayeseduze ne-civil pathos ka-L. Beethoven, kanye nedrama ye-operatic ka-K. Gluck, kanye nezitayela zothando. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi iJalimane neNgilandi basaphikisana ngobuzwe balo mqambi. Kowokuqala wazalwa, kwathi kowesibili waphila ingxenye enkulu yokuphila kwakhe, waba nodumo.

AmaRoma AS Dargomyzhsky "Ngakuthanda" (amavesi ka-AS Pushkin) eyenziwa nguVladimir Tverskoy

29 February 1792 unyaka ngesi-Italian Pesaro kwazalwa umfana, ogama lakhe lathatha indawo ekhethekile phakathi kwabaqambi base-Italy, Gioacchino Rossini. Waqala ukudala ngesikhathi lapho i-opera yase-Italy iqala ukulahlekelwa isikhundla sayo esiphezulu, iphenduka ukuzijabulisa okungenangqondo. Impumelelo yama-opera kaRossini, isiqongo sawo okwakuthi The Barber of Seville, yayingabangelwa nje kuphela ubuhle obumangalisayo bomculo, kodwa futhi nesifiso somqambi sokuwagcwalisa ngokuqukethwe kokushisekela izwe. Ama-opera e-maestro abangela ukukhala okukhulu komphakathi, okwaholela ekuqashweni kwamaphoyisa isikhathi eside komqambi.

Ikhono elimangalisayo lokucula

13 February 1873 unyaka wazalelwa eKazan emndenini ompofu Fedor Chaliapin, waba umdlali omkhulu kunabo bonke esikhathini sethu. Impumelelo yalethwa kuye izimfanelo ezimbili aphiwa ngazo ngokugcwele: izwi eliyingqayizivele kanye namakhono okudlala angenakulinganiswa. Njengoba eseqale ukusebenza njengokwengeziwe eqenjini elijikelezayo laseKazan, ekuqaleni wayevame ukushintsha indawo yakhe yokusebenza. Kodwa ngenxa yezifundo zokucula ezivela kumculi owayedumile ngaleso sikhathi u-Usatov kanye nokusekelwa kwe-philanthropist uMamontov, umsebenzi ka-Chaliapin waqala ngokushesha futhi wamholela esicongweni sempumelelo yokudala. Umculi, owathuthela e-United States ngo-1922, wahlala umculi waseRussia kwaze kwaba sekupheleni kokuphila kwakhe, akazange ashintshe ubuzwe bakhe, umlotha wakhe wathuthelwa eMoscow futhi wangcwatshwa endaweni yamathuna aseNovodevichy.

Ngawo lowo nyaka, 1873, ngo-February 24, emaphethelweni aseNaples, kwazalwa omunye umculi, owaba yinganekwane - U-Enrico Caruso. E-Italy ngaleso sikhathi kwakunzima kakhulu ukungena esigabeni esikhulu. Abadlali bebanga loku-1 kuphela ababhaliswe ngaphezu kuka-360, okwakuvame kakhulu ezweni "eliculayo". Kodwa-ke, amakhono ezwi akhethekile kanye nethuba (indima encane ku-opera ethi "Umngane kaFrancesco" lapho uCaruso acula khona kangcono kunomculi ohamba yedwa) wamvumela ukuba akhuphukele esicongweni sokuthandwa.

Bonke ozakwethu kanye nozakwethu esiteji baphawule izwi lakhe elithandekayo elinothando, imizwa ecebe kakhulu ekuculeni kanye nethalente lakhe elikhulu lemvelo elimangalisayo. Isivunguvungu semizwelo esinjalo asikwazanga ukuhlala singashiwongo, futhi uCaruso wayephawulwa ngezikhathi ezithile kumakholomu enhlebo ngenxa ye-antics yakhe ewubukhazikhazi, amahlaya nezigameko eziyihlazo.

Ama-Premieres amahle kakhulu

NgoFebhuwari, kwadlalwa ama-opera amabili afisa ukuvelela kaM. Mussorgsky, angazange ashiye isiteji kuze kube namuhla. 8 February 1874 unyaka yaboniswa okokuqala eMariinsky Theatre "Boris Godunov" imisebenzi kokubili ikhazinyuliswa futhi ishushiswa. Impumelelo yangempela yafika ngo-1908, lapho uFyodor Chaliapin enza ingxenye kaBoris emkhiqizweni eParis.

Futhi ngemva kweminyaka engu-12, 21 February 1886 unyaka, kakade ngemva kokushona komqambi, ngamalungu omjikelezo womculo nedrama eSt. i-opera "Khovanshchina" Ukuzalwa kwangempela komdlalo kwaba ukukhiqizwa kweMoscow esiteji se-Private Opera ka-Savva Mamontov ngo-1897, lapho ingxenye ye-Dosifey yenziwa khona yi-Chaliapin efanayo.

Isigcawu sokubhula kukaMarta ku-opera ethi “Khovanshchina” kaMP Mussorgsky

17 February 1904 unyaka wabona ukukhanya I-opera kaPuccini ethi Madama Butterfly. Idlalwa eLa Scala kaMilan. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi i-premiere yalokhu kudlala, njengamanye ama-opera amabili athandwa kakhulu kuze kube manje - "La Traviata" kanye "I-Barber yaseSeville", iphumelele. Ngezingoma zokugcina, ukuklabalasa, ukukhala namanyala kwehlela kubaculi. Ecindezelwe yilokho okwenzekile, uPuccini ukhansele umdlalo wesibili, nakuba ukuthutha kwakuhlanganisa ukukhokhwa kwemali enkulu. Umqambi wenza izinguquko, futhi ukukhiqizwa okulandelayo kwaba yimpumelelo enkulu eBrescia, lapho umqhubi wayengu-Arturo Toscanini.

20 February 1816 unyaka e-Rome, enye i-premiere ephawulekayo yenzeke - esiteji semidlalo yaseshashalazini "Argentina" yadlalwa I-opera kaRossini ethi The Barber of Seville. Umboniso wokuqala awuzange uphumelele. Abalandeli bakaGiovanni Paisello, i-opera yegama elifanayo eyayineminyaka engu-30 isesiteji, bahlambalaza indalo kaRossini futhi bamphoqa ukuba ashiye ngasese indawo yeshashalazi. Lesi simo kube yisona sizathu sokukhula kancane kokuthandwa kwalo mdlalo.

Umbhali - uVictoria Denisova