Izinhlamvu zomculo |

I-alfabhethi yomculo iyisistimu yezinhlamvu yokuklama ukubola kwemisindo. ukuphakama. Yavela ngaphambi kwekhulu lesi-3. BC. eDkt. Greece, lapho kwakukhona izinhlelo ezimbili ze-A. m. Esigabeni sangaphambilini. uhlelo lwaluhlanganisa nezinhlamvu zesiGreki. kanye nezinhlamvu zezinhlamvu zaseFenike. Ngemva kwe-wok. uhlelo olusetshenziswa isiGreki kuphela. izinhlamvu ngokulandelana kwezinhlamvu ezihambisana nesilinganiso esehlayo.

Okunye ukubhalwa kwezinhlamvu zesiGreki kusetshenziswe ku-Zap. IYurophu ngaphambi kwekhulu le-10. Enkathini yeNkathi Ephakathi yokuqala, indlela yokuqoka imisindo enezinhlamvu ze-lat yavela futhi yasetshenziswa kanye nayo. izinhlamvu zamagama. Okokuqala diatonic. isikali esiqukethe izingoma ezimbili. ama-octaves (A – a), achazwa ngezinhlamvu ezisuka ku-A kuya ku-R. Kamuva, yizinhlamvu zokuqala eziyisikhombisa kuphela ezaqala ukusetshenziswa. Ngale ndlela, ukuphawula kwaba kanje: A, B, C., D, E, F, G; a, b, c, d, e, f, g, aa. Kamuva, lesi sikali sanezelwa kusukela ngezansi ngomsindo kasawoti we-octave enkulu, echazwa ngohlamvu u-g (gamma) lwezinhlamvu zesiGreki. Isigaba se-II se-main isikali saqala ukusetshenziswa ngezindlela ezimbili: phezulu - umsindo si, wawubizwa ngokuthi i-B durum (lat. - solid) futhi wawuboniswa uhlaka lwesikwele (bheka i-Bekar); low - umsindo we-B-flat, wawubizwa ngokuthi i-B mollis (lat. - soft) futhi wawuboniswa ngohlaka oluyindilinga (bheka i-Flat). Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, umsindo si waqala ukuchazwa ngokuthi lat. incwadi H. Ngemva kwekhulu le-12. Wed-century. uhlelo lokubhalwa kwezinhlamvu lwathathelwa indawo ngokubhala okungezona ezomuntu siqu kanye nokubhala kwabaculi, nokho, emakhulwini eminyaka ayi-14-18. yavuselelwa ngezinguqulo ezihlukahlukene ku-organ ne-lute tablature.

Okwamanje, isikali se-diatonic ngaphakathi kwe-octave sinalezi zinhlamvu ezilandelayo:

Emazweni olimi lwesiNgisi, lesi simiso sisetshenziswa ngokuhlehla okukodwa - ukuqokwa kwakudala komsindo onohlamvu b kugcinwe; I-B-flat ichazwa ngokuthi i-b flat (B-soft).

Ukubhala ngephutha, ama-syllables anezelwa ezinhlamvini: is – sharp, es – flat, isis – double sharp, eses – double flat. Okuhlukile umsindo we-B-flat, lapho ukuqokwa okunohlamvu u-b, imisindo ye-E-flat ne-A-flat, eshiwo ngama-syllable es futhi njengoba, ngokulandelanayo, igcinwe. I-C-sharp – cis, F-double-sharp – fisis, D-flat – des, G-double-flat – geses.

Emazweni olimi lwesiNgisi ukucijile kuboniswa igama elithi flat, flat – ngegama elithi flat, double-sharp – ngamagama abukhali, double-flat – ngamagama athi flat flat, C-sharp – with sharp, F- ebukhali kabili – f ecijile kabili, D-flat – d flat , G double flat – g double flat.

Imisindo ye-octave enkulu iboniswa ngosonhlamvukazi, kanti emincane iboniswa ngosonhlamvukazi abancane. Ngemisindo yamanye ama-octave, izinombolo noma amadeshi kwengezwa ezinhlamvini, ezihambisana nenombolo namagama ama-octave:

kuze kufike ku-octave yokuqala – c1 noma c’ re ye-octave yesibili – d2 noma d ” mi ye-octave yesithathu – e3 noma e “’ fa ye-octave yesine – f4 noma f “” kuze kufike i-octave yesihlanu – c5 noma c ” “‘’ zinenkontileka — H1 noma 1H noma H nge-subcontroctave – A2 noma A, noma

Ukukhombisa okhiye, amagama anezelwa ezinhlamvwini: dur (enkulu), i-moll (encane), futhi kokhiye abakhulu kusetshenziswa osonhlamvukazi abakhulu, futhi kokhiye abancane - osonhlamvukazi abancane, isibonelo C-dur (C enkulu), fis -moll (F-sharp minor) njll. Ngendlela efushanisiwe yokubhala, izinhlamvu ezingosonhlamvukazi (ngaphandle kokwengeza) zisho okhiye abakhulu namaculo, kanti osonhlamvukazi abancane basho abancane.

Ngesingeniso somculo. umkhuba womugqa womculo wesistimu A. m. ilahlekelwe incazelo yayo yasekuqaleni futhi ilondolozwe njengensiza. izindlela zemisindo yokuqoka, izingoma nezihluthulelo (ikakhulukazi emisebenzini yomculo neyethiyori).

References: I-Gruber RI, Umlando Wamasiko omculo, t. 1, ikh. 1, M.-L., 1941; Bellermann Fr., Die Tonleitern und Musiknoten der Griechen, V., 1847; Fortlage K., Uhlelo lomculo wamaGreki…, Lpz., 1847; Riemann H., Studien zur Geschichte der Notenschrift, Lpz., 1878; I-Monro DV, Izindlela Zomculo WamaGreki Asendulo, Oxf., 1894; Wolf J., Handbuch der Notationskunde, Bd 1-2, Lpz., 1913-19; Sachs C., Die griechische Instrumentalnotenschrift, «ZfMw», VI, 1924; его же, Die griechische Gesangsnotenschrift, «ZfMw», VII, 1925; Pоtirоn H., Umsuka we-alfabhethi notation, Revue grйgorienne», 1952, XXXI; Сorbin S., Valeur et sens de la notation alphabйtique a Jumiiges…, Rouen, 1955; Smits van Waesberghe J., Les origines de la notation alphabйtique au moyen vge, в сб.: Annuario musical XII, Barcelona, ​​​​1957; Barbour JM, Izimiso ze-Greek notation, «JAMS», XIII, 1960.

VA Vakhromeev