I-Kalimba: kuyini, ukwakheka kwensimbi, umsindo, umlando, indlela yokudlala, indlela yokukhetha

Imicimbi ebalulekile empilweni yase-Afrika, amaholide kanye nemihlangano yabaholi bezizwe ngokuqinisekile yayihambisana nokuzwakala kwembira. Igama lithi “ukhuluma ngezwi lawokhokho bakhe.” Umculo odlalwa insimbi ungase uhluke kakhulu emsindweni - opholile futhi opholile noma ophazamisayo. Namuhla, i-kalimba ayizange ilahlekelwe ukubaluleka kwayo, isetshenziswa njengensimbi yabantu, esetshenziselwa imikhosi yodwa kanye nokuhambisana nomsindo wokuhlanganisa.

Idivayisi

Izwe likaKalimba yizwekazi lase-Afrika. Abantu bendawo bakuthatha njengesizwe, beseka amasiko amadlozi ngokusetshenziswa kwezamasiko. Lihunyushwe lisuka olimini lwendawo, igama lensimbi lisho “umculo omncane”. Idivayisi ayinzima. Ikesi lezinkuni elinembobo eyindilinga lisebenza njenge-resonator. Kungaba okuqinile noma okungenalutho, okwenziwe ngokhuni, ithanga elomisiwe noma igobolondo lofudu.

Phezulu kwecala kukhona izilimi. Ngaphambili, zazenziwe ngoqalo noma ezinye izinhlobo zokhuni. Namuhla, insimbi enemihlanga yensimbi ivame kakhulu. Ayikho inombolo ejwayelekile yamapuleti. Inombolo yabo ingahluka kusuka ku-4 kuya ku-100. Ubukhulu nobude nakho kuhlukile. Izilimi zixhunywe ku-sill. Ukwakheka komzimba kungaba unxande noma isikwele. Kukhona amafomu angavamile enziwe ngendlela yezilwane noma amakhanda ezinhlanzi.

Izwakala kanjani i-kalimba?

Insimbi yomculo ingeyomndeni wama-idiophone omhlanga ohlutshiwe. Umsindo uncike ezintweni ezenziwe, ubukhulu bomzimba, ubude kanye nenani lemihlanga. Ukushunwa kwensimbi kuyi-chromatic, okukuvumela ukuthi udlale amanothi awodwa kanye namaculo.

Amapuleti afana nokhiye bepiyano, yingakho i-mbira ibizwa nangokuthi "ipiyano yesandla sase-Afrika". Umsindo uncike ngobukhulu bomhlanga, uma umkhulu, umsindo uphansi. Amapuleti amafushane anomsindo ophezulu. I-Gamma isuka enkabeni lapho kukhona amapuleti amade kakhulu. Ngomunwe wepiyano ojwayelekile, ukuphakama kwamanothi kuyakhuphuka ukusuka kwesokunxele kuye kwesokudla.

Emakhulwini eminyaka ekhona, i-kalimba ayizange ibe nethonya lesiko lomculo laseYurophu, kodwa kukhona nezinsimbi ezicushwe ngesilinganiso esivamile sendabuko.

Umlando

Emikhosini yenkolo, abantu base-Afrika babesebenzisa amathuluzi ahlukahlukene ukuze akhiphe umsindo. Ngakho-ke, akunakwenzeka ukucabangela i-mbira njengethuluzi lasendulo. Lokhu izinhlobonhlobo zabanye abameleli abaye bavela futhi banyamalala, ukuphindukuzalwa kwabo nezinguqulo ezithuthukisiwe.

Ukwenziwa ikoloni kwe-Afrika yiMelika kwaholela ekuphumeni okukhulu kwabantu ababegqilaziwe besuka endaweni yezwekazi baye ogwini lwe-Antilles neCuba. Izigqila zazingavunyelwe ukuhamba nazo, kodwa ababonisi abazange bazithathele i-kalimba encane. Ngakho i-mbira yasakazeka kabanzi, abadlali benza izinguquko esakhiweni sayo, bahlola izinto ezibonakalayo, ubukhulu, nokuma. Izinhlobo ezintsha zezinsimbi ezifanayo zavela: likembe, lala, sanza, ndandu.

Ngo-1924, umcwaningi waseMelika womculo wezizwe uHugh Tracy, ngesikhathi sohambo oluya e-Afrika, wahlangana ne-kalimba emangalisayo, umsindo wayo owamjabulisa. Kamuva, lapho ebuyela ezweni lakubo, uzovula imboni yokwakha izinsimbi eziyiqiniso. Umsebenzi wempilo yakhe kwakuwukujwayela uhlelo lomculo, olwaluhlukile koluvamile lwaseNtshonalanga futhi lwalungavumeli umculo waseYurophu ukuba udlalwe ngendlela ethi “do”, “re”, “mi” … Ezama, wadala amakhophi angaphezu kuka-100. lokho kwenze kwaba nokwenzeka ukudala ukuvumelana okuhle kwabaqambi abadumile abanesimo esimangalisayo sase-Afrika.

U-Hugh Tracy usungule i-African Music Festival, eyenzeka e-Grahamstown, wakha umtapo wolwazi wamazwe ngamazwe onemisebenzi yabantu bezwekazi, wenza amashumi ezinkulungwane zamarekhodi. Indawo yakhe yokusebenzela yomndeni isawenza ama-kalimbas ngesandla. Ibhizinisi likaTracy liqhutshwa amadodana akhe.

Izinhlobo ze-Kalimb

Khiqiza insimbi yomculo eJalimane naseNingizimu Melika. Ngokwesakhiwo, izinhlobonhlobo zihlukaniswe zibe ziqinile - inketho elula nesabelomali, futhi ingenalutho - esetshenziswa ochwepheshe. Ukukhiqizwa kabusha okunembile kwamathoni e-bass aphilayo omculo wase-Afrika kungenzeka kuma-specimens amakhulu. Ezincane zizwakala zinhle, zimnene, zisobala.

Izimboni ezidume kakhulu ezikhiqiza ama-lammelafon yizinhlobo zomculi waseJalimane u-P. Hokem kanye nefemu ka-H. Tracy. AmaKalimba aseHokul acishe alahlekelwa igama lawo langempela, manje asengama-sansula. Umehluko wabo kuMalimba ngecala eliyindilinga. I-sansula ibukeka njenge-metallophone ebekwe phezu kwesigubhu.

I-Kalimba Tracy ingokwesiko kakhulu. Ekukhiqizeni, balwela ukuhambisana nezindinganiso zangempela, besebenzisa izinto zemvelo kuphela. Umzimba we-resonator wenziwe ngokhuni olumila ezwenikazi lase-Afrika kuphela. Ngakho-ke, insimbi igcina umsindo wayo oyiqiniso.

Uhlelo lokusebenza lwethuluzi

I-Kalimba isalokhu iyisiko kubantu baseNingizimu Afrika, eCuba, eMadagascar. Isetshenziswa kuyo yonke imicimbi, phakathi nemikhosi yezenkolo, ngamaholide, emikhosini. Izibonelo ezincane kakhulu zingena kalula ephaketheni, zithwalwa nazo futhi zizijabulise zona kanye nomphakathi ezindaweni ezahlukene. I-Kalimba ngaphandle kwe-resonator ingenye yezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu "zesikhwama".

"Ipiyano eyenziwa mathupha" isetshenziselwa ukuhambisana nama-ensembles kanye ne-solo. Amaqembu ezizwe asebenzisa ama-mbira ochwepheshe anekhono lokuxhuma kukhompyutha, iamplifier. Kukhona i-kalimba enama-octave amahlanu, ububanzi "bekhibhodi" obucishe bulingane nophiyano.

Idlalwa kanjani i-kalimba

UMbiru ubanjwe ngezandla zombili, izithupha zibandakanyeka ekukhipheni umsindo. Kwesinye isikhathi ubekwa emadolweni ukuze umenzi asebenzise izithupha neminwe yangaphambili. AmaCalimbist acula ngokuzethemba ngisho usohambeni, kwesinye isikhathi kusetshenziswa isando esikhethekile ukushaya umhlanga. Indlela Yokudlala ayiyona inkimbinkimbi njengoba ingase ibonakale. Umuntu ozwayo angafunda kalula ukudlala “ipiyano yesandla”.

Indlela yokukhetha i-kalimba

Lapho ukhetha insimbi, umuntu kufanele acabangele kokubili ukubona kobuhle bangaphandle kanye nekhono lomsindo. Kungcono kumculi we-novice ukukhetha ikhophi encane enebhokisi elincane noma eliqinile ngokuphelele. Njengoba usufunde ukuyidlala, ungadlulela ensimbini enkulu, eyinkimbinkimbi.

Isikali sincike enanini lemihlanga. Ngakho-ke, umuntu oqalayo, ukuze akhethe i-kalimba, udinga ukunquma ukuthi uzodlala imisebenzi eyinkimbinkimbi noma ufuna ukudlala umculo womphefumulo, enze izingoma ezilula. Umuntu oqalayo uzosizwa ukudlala isando esikhethekile, ngeke kube yinto engafanele ukuthenga okokufundisa kanye nezitika ezinamathela ezilimini - zizosiza ukuthi zingadideki kumanothi.