Ambroise Thomas |

Ambrose Thomas

Igama likaTom lalaziwa kakhulu abantu besikhathi sakhe njengombhali we-opera i-Mignon, ebekezelele imidlalo engaphezu kuka-30 eminyakeni eyi-1000 edlule yokuphila kwakhe, futhi njengomgcini wamasiko eParis Conservatory, owayefisa uhlale ungumuntu wesikhathi esidlule ngesikhathi sokuphila kwakhe.

UCharles Louis Ambroise Thomas wazalwa ngo-Agasti 5, 1811 eMetz yesifundazwe, emndenini womculo. Uyise, uthisha womculo onesizotha, waqala ukumfundisa ukudlala upiyano ne-violin ekuseni kakhulu, kangangokuthi lapho eneminyaka eyisishiyagalolunye umfana wayesebhekwa njengomdlali omuhle kakhulu kulezi zinsimbi. Ngemva kokushona kukayise, umndeni wathuthela enhloko-dolobha, futhi eneminyaka eyishumi nesikhombisa uTomas wangena eParis Conservatory, lapho afunda khona upiyano nokwakheka noJF Lesueur. Ukuphumelela kukaTom kwaba kukhulu kangangokuthi wayevame ukuthola imiklomelo: ngo-1829 - kupiyano, ngokulandelayo - ngokuvumelana, futhi, ekugcineni, ngo-1832 - umklomelo ophakeme kakhulu ekuqanjweni, uMklomelo Omkhulu waseRoma, owawunikeza ilungelo kwabathathu. - iminyaka yokuhlala e-Italy. . Lapha uTomas wafunda i-opera yesimanje yase-Italy futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngaphansi kwethonya lomculi odumile u-Ingres, wathandana nomculo kaMozart noBeethoven.

Ebuyela eParis ngo-1836, umqambi wenza i-comic opera yokuqala ngonyaka kamuva, wabe esebhala ezinye eziyisishiyagalombili zilandelana. Lolu hlobo sekuyilona oluyinhloko emsebenzini kaTom. Impumelelo yalethwa i-opera ye-opera eyodwa engathobekile, i-Cadi (1849), umdlalo wokulingisa we-Rossini's The Italian Girl in Algiers, eduze ne-operetta, kamuva eyajabulisa u-Bizet ngobuhlakani, ubusha obungapheli nekhono. Kulandelwe iphupho likaMidsummer Night noNdlovukazi u-Elizabeth, uShakespeare nabalingisi beminye imidlalo yakhe, kodwa hhayi nhlobo emdlalweni wamahlaya oqambe i-opera igama layo. Ngo-1851, uTomas wakhethwa njengelungu le-French Academy futhi waba uprofesa eParis Conservatory (phakathi kwabafundi bakhe - Massenet).

Ingqophamlando yomsebenzi kaTom ingeminyaka yawo-1860. Indima ebalulekile kulokhu yadlalwa ukukhethwa kweziza kanye nama-libretists. Elandela isibonelo sikaGounod, waphendukela ku-J. Barbier kanye noM. Carré futhi, elandela u-Gounod's Faust (1859) esekelwe enhlekeleleni kaGoethe, wabhala incwadi yakhe ethi Mignon (1866), esekelwe inoveli kaGoethe ethi The Years of Wilhelm Meister's Teaching, nangemva kwencwadi kaGounod. I-Romeo noJuliet (1867), iHamlet kaShakespeare (1868). I-opera yokugcina yayibhekwa njengomsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu kaTom, kuyilapho uMignon wahlala ethandwa kakhulu isikhathi eside, emelene nemidlalo eyi-100 kakade ngesizini yokuqala. Lawa ma-opera aholele ekunyukeni okusha kwegunya likaTom: ngo-1871 waba umqondisi weParis Conservatoire. Futhi ngonyaka odlule, umqambi oneminyaka engaba ngu-60 wazibonakalisa engumshisekeli weqiniso, ejoyina ibutho njengevolontiya ekuqaleni kwempi yaseFranco-Prussia. Nokho, umqondisi akazange ashiye Tom isikhathi lokusungula, futhi ngemva Hamlet akazange abhale lutho iminyaka engu-14. Ngo-1882, kwavela i-opera yakhe yokugcina yama-20, uFrancesca da Rimini, esekelwe kuDante's Divine Comedy. Ngemva kweminye iminyaka eyisikhombisa yokuthula, kwasungulwa umsebenzi wokugcina osekelwe kuShakespeare - i-ballet emnandi ethi The Tempest.

UThomas wafa ngoFebhuwari 12, 1896 eParis.

A. Koenigsberg