Boris Tischenko |

Boris Tischenko

Okuhle kakhulu ... akukho okunye ngaphandle kolwazi lweqiniso kusukela ezinhlosweni zalo zokuqala. R. Descartes

B. Tishchenko ungomunye wabaqambi abavelele baseSoviet besizukulwane sangemva kwempi. Ungumbhali wama-ballet adumile "Yaroslavna", "Abayishumi Nambili"; isiteji sisebenza ngokusekelwe emazwini ka-K. Chukovsky: "I-Fly-Sokotukha", "Ilanga Elibiwe", "Cockroach". Umqambi wabhala inani elikhulu lemisebenzi emikhulu ye-orchestra - ama-symphonies angu-5 angahleliwe (okuhlanganisa esiteshini sikaM. Tsvetaeva), "Sinfonia robusta", i-symphony "Chronicle of the Siege"; amakhonsathi opiyano, i-cello, i-violin, ihabhu; 5 string quartets; 8 upiyano sonatas (kuhlanganise Sesikhombisa - ngezinsimbi); 2 i-violin sonatas, njll. Umculo wezwi kaTishchenko uhlanganisa izingoma ezinhlanu ku-st. O. Driz; Isidingo se-soprano, i-tenor ne-orchestra ku-st. A. Akhmatova; “Itestamente” le-soprano, ihabhu ne-ogani eSt. N. Zabolotsky; I-Cantata "Ingadi Yomculo" ku-st. A. Kushner. Wahlela "Izinkondlo Ezine zikaKaputeni Lebyadkin" nguD. Shostakovich. Umqambi wePeru uhlanganisa nomculo wefilimu ethi "Suzdal", "The Death of Pushkin", "Igor Savvovich", "Inhliziyo Yenja".

U-Tishchenko waphumelela e-Leningrad Conservatory (1962-63), othisha bakhe ekubunjweni kwakunguV. Salmanov, V. Voloshin, O. Evlakhov, esikoleni esiphakeme - D. Shostakovich, upiyano - A. Logovinsky. Manje yena ngokwakhe unguprofesa eLeningrad Conservatory.

U-Tishchenko wakhula njengomqambi ekuseni kakhulu - eneminyaka engu-18 wabhala i-Violin Concerto, eneminyaka engu-20 - i-Quartet Yesibili, eyayiphakathi kwezingoma zakhe ezihamba phambili. Emsebenzini wakhe, umugqa wakudala kanye nomugqa wokuvezwa kwemizwelo yesimanje kwagqama kakhulu. Ngendlela entsha, ekhanyisa izithombe zomlando wasendulo waseRussia kanye nenganekwane yaseRussia, umqambi uthanda umbala we-archaic, ufuna ukuveza umbono wezwe odumile owakhiwe phakathi namakhulu eminyaka (i-ballet Yaroslavna - 1974, Third Symphony - 1966, izingxenye ze owesibili (1959), Third Quartets (1970), Owesithathu Piano Sonata - 1965). Ingoma yaseRussia ehlala isikhathi eside kaTishchenko iyinto engokomoya kanye neyobuhle. Ukuqonda izingqimba ezijulile zesiko lesizwe kwavumela umqambi we-Third Symphony ukuba enze uhlobo olusha lokuqanjwa komculo - njengokungathi, "i-symphony of tunes"; lapho indwangu ye-orchestra yelukwa khona ngemifanekiso yezinsimbi. Umculo ophefumulayo wesiphetho se-symphony uhlotshaniswa nesithombe senkondlo kaN. Rubtsov - "izwe lami elithulile". Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi umbono wezwe wasendulo wakhanga uTishchenko futhi mayelana nesiko laseMpumalanga, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokutadisha umculo waseJapane wenkathi ephakathi "gagaku". Eqonda izici ezithile zabantu baseRussia kanye nombono wezwe wasendulo waseMpumalanga, umqambi wathuthukisa ngesitayela sakhe uhlobo olukhethekile lokuthuthukiswa komculo - ama-statics wokuzindla, lapho izinguquko emculweni womculo zenzeka kancane kancane futhi kancane kancane (i-cello solo ende ku-Cello yokuqala. Concerto - 1963).

In the samuntu of ejwayelekile for ekhulwini XX. izithombe zomzabalazo, ukunqoba, inhlekelele edabukisayo, ukungezwani okukhulu okungokomoya, u-Tishchenko uthatha isikhundla somlandeli wamadrama e-symphonic kathisha wakhe uShostakovich. Okugqama kakhulu mayelana nalokhu i-Fourth and Fifth Symphonies (1974 kanye no-1976).

I-Fourth Symphony inesifiso esikhulu kakhulu - ibhalelwe abaculi abangu-145 kanye nomfundi onombhobho futhi inobude obungaphezu kwehora nesigamu (okungukuthi, ikhonsathi yonke ye-symphony). I-Fifth Symphony inikezelwe ku-Shostakovich futhi iqhubeka ngokuqondile nesithombe somculo wakhe - izimemezelo ezingenangqondo, izingcindezi ezishisayo, izivuthondaba ezimbi, kanye nalokhu - ama-monologue amade. Igcwele i-monogram ye-monogram ka-Shostakovich (D-(e)S-С-Н), ihlanganisa izingcaphuno ezivela emisebenzini yakhe (kusukela ku-Eighth and Tenth Symphonies, i-Sonata ye-Viola, njll.), kanye nezivela ku-Eighth and Tenth Symphonies, i-Sonata ye-Viola, njll.), Imisebenzi kaTishchenko (kusukela ku-Third Symphony, i-Fifth Piano Sonata, i-Piano Concerto). Lolu wuhlobo lwengxoxo phakathi komuntu osemusha kanye nomdala, “umjaho wezizukulwane ezidluliswayo”.

Okuvela emculweni kaShostakovich nakho kuboniswe kuma-sonatas amabili we-violin nopiyano (1957 no-1975). Ku-Sonata Yesibili, isithombe esiyinhloko esiqala futhi esiphetha umsebenzi siyinkulumo edabukisayo yokukhuluma. Le sonata ayijwayelekile kakhulu ekubunjweni kwayo - inezingxenye eziyi-7, lapho ezingajwayelekile zakha "uhlaka" olunengqondo (Isandulela, i-Sonata, i-Aria, i-Postlude), futhi ngisho nalezo ziyizikhawu "ezicacile" (Intermezzo I, II). , III ku-presto tempo). I-ballet ethi "Yaroslavna" ("Eclipse") yabhalwa ngokusekelwe etsheni lesikhumbuzo elivelele laseRussia Yasendulo - "The Tale of Igor's Campaign" (ekhululwa ngu-O. Vinogradov).

I-orchestra ku-ballet ihambisana nengxenye yekhwaya ethuthukisa ukunambitheka kwephimbo lesiRashiya. Ngokuphambene nokuchazwa kwesakhiwo se-opera ka-A. Borodin ethi “Prince Igor”, umqambi wekhulu lesi-XNUMX. kugcizelelwa usizi lokunqotshwa kwamasosha ka-Igor. Ulimi loqobo lomculo we-ballet luhlanganisa izingoma ezinokhahlo ezizwakala ekwayeni yesilisa, isigqi esinamandla somkhankaso wezempi, "ukuhewula" okudabukisayo okuvela ku-orchestra ("I-Steppe of Death"), izingoma zomoya ezimbi, ezikhumbuza umsindo we isihawu.

Ikhonsathi Yokuqala Ye-Cello ne-Okhestra inomqondo okhethekile. “Into efana nencwadi eya kumngane,” kusho umlobi ngaye. Uhlobo olusha lokuthuthuka komculo luyabonakala ekwakhiweni kwalo, olufana nokukhula kwesitshalo okuvela ohlamvini. Ikhonsathi iqala ngomsindo owodwa we-cello, oqhubeka ukhula ube "i-spurs, amahlumela." Njengokungathi iyodwa, kuzalwa iculo, eliba incwadi eyodwa yomlobi, “isivumo somphefumulo.” Futhi ngemva kwesiqalo sendaba, umbhali ubeka idrama enesivunguvungu, enomvuthwandaba obukhali, elandelwa ukudlulela emkhakheni wokuzindla okukhanyisiwe. “Ngiyazi ngekhanda ikhonsathi yokuqala ye-cello kaTishchenko,” kusho uShostakovich. Njengayo yonke imisebenzi yokuqamba yamashumi eminyaka adlule ekhulu lesi-XNUMX, umculo kaTishchenko uguqukela kuphimbo, obuyela emuva emsuka wobuciko bomculo.

V. Kholopova