Charles Munch |

Charles Munch

Kuphela lapho esekhulile, lapho eneminyaka engaba ngamashumi amane ubudala, uCharles Munsch waba umqhubi. Kodwa iqiniso lokuthi iminyaka embalwa kuphela ehlukanisa i-debut yomculi kusukela ekudumeni kwakhe okubanzi akulona iphutha. Impilo yakhe yonke yangaphambili kusukela ekuqaleni yayigcwele umculo futhi yaba, njengokungathi, isisekelo somsebenzi wombhidisi.

UMunsch wazalelwa eStrasbourg, indodana yomculi wesonto. Bonke abafowabo abane nodadewabo ababili, njengaye, nabo babengabaculi. Yiqiniso, ngesinye isikhathi uCharles wakhulelwa ukuba afundele ubudokotela, kodwa ngokushesha wanquma ngokuqinile ukuba ngumdlali wevayolini. Emuva ngo-1912, wanikeza ikhonsathi yakhe yokuqala eStrasbourg, futhi ngemva kokuphothula e-gymnasium, waya eParis ukuyofunda noLucien Capet odumile. Phakathi nempi, uMunsch wakhonza ebuthweni futhi wanqanyulwa kwezobuciko isikhathi eside. Ngemva kokudilizwa, ngo-1920 waqala ukusebenza njengomphelezeli we-Orchestra yaseStrasbourg nokufundisa endaweni yokugcinwa kwemidlalo yendawo. Kamuva, lo mculi wabamba isikhundla esifanayo kuma-orchestra asePrague naseLeipzig. Lapha wayedlala nabaqhubi abanjengoV. Furtwangler, B. Walter, futhi ngokokuqala ngqá wama endaweni yesikhulumi somqhubi.

Ekuqaleni kweminyaka engamashumi amathathu, uMunsch wathuthela eFrance futhi ngokushesha waba umqhubi onesiphiwo. Wacula neParis Symphony Orchestra, waqhuba iLamoureux Concertos, wazungeza izwe naphesheya. Ngo-1937-1945, uMunsch wenza amakhonsathi ne-orchestra ye-Paris Conservatory, ehlala kulesi sikhundla ngesikhathi sokusebenza. Eminyakeni enzima, wenqaba ukubambisana nabahlaseli futhi wasiza umbutho wokumelana.

Ngokushesha ngemva kwempi, uMunsch kabili - okokuqala eyedwa futhi kamuva ne-orchestra yomsakazo waseFrance - edlalwa e-United States. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, wamenywa ukuba athathe izintambo ku-Sergei Koussevitzky owayesethatha umhlalaphansi njengomqondisi we-Boston Orchestra. Ngakho “ngokungabonwayo” uMunsch wayeyinhloko yeqembu lezinsimbi ezingcono kakhulu emhlabeni.

Phakathi neminyaka yakhe ne-Boston Orchestra (1949-1962), uMunsch wabonakala engumculi oguquguqukayo, onolwazi oluningi olubanzi. Ngaphezu kwe-repertoire yendabuko, wacebisa izinhlelo zeqembu lakhe ngemisebenzi eminingi yomculo wesimanje, wenza imisebenzi eminingi yamakwaya kaBach, Berlioz, Schubert, Honegger, Debussy. Kabili uMunsch ne-orchestra yakhe benza uhambo olukhulu eYurophu. Ngesikhathi sesibili sabo, iqembu lanikeza amakhonsathi amaningana e-USSR, lapho kamuva uMunsch edlala khona nama-orchestra aseSoviet. Abagxeki batusa ubuciko bakhe. E. Ratser wabhala kumagazini iSoviet Music: “Umbono omkhulu kunayo yonke emakhonsathini kaMunsch usalokhu, mhlawumbe, ethonyeni lobuntu bomculi ngokwawo. Ukubukeka kwakhe konke kuphefumula ukuzethemba okuzolile futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ububele bukababa. Esiteji, udala isimo sokukhululeka kokudala. Ebonisa ukuqina kwentando yakhe, efuna ngenkani, akalokothi aphoqelele izifiso zakhe. Amandla akhe asenkonzweni yokuzidela yobuciko bakhe abathandayo: lapho eqhuba, uMunsch uzinikela ngokuphelele emculweni. I-orchestra, izethameli, uheha ngokuyinhloko ngoba yena ngokwakhe unothando. Nginomdlandla oqotho, ngijabule. Kuye, njengaku-Arthur Rubinstein (cishe iminyaka efanayo), ukufudumala kwentsha komphefumulo kuhlasela. Umzwelo wangempela oshisayo, ukuhlakanipha okujulile, ukuhlakanipha okukhulu kwempilo kanye nentshiseko yobusha, isici semvelo ecebile yobuciko yaseMunsch, kubonakala phambi kwethu emsebenzini ngamunye ngezithunzi nezinhlanganisela ezintsha nezintsha. Futhi, empeleni, ngaso sonke isikhathi kubonakala sengathi umqhubi unekhwalithi edingeka kakhulu lapho enza lo msebenzi othile. Zonke lezi zici zifakwe ngokucacile ekuchazeni kuka-Munsch umculo wesiFulentshi, okwakuwuhlangothi oluqine kakhulu lwebanga lakhe lokudala. Imisebenzi kaRameau, Berlioz, Debussy, Ravel, Roussel kanye nabanye abaqambi bezikhathi ezahlukene bathola kuye umhumushi ocashile nophefumulelwe, okwazi ukudlulisela kumlaleli bonke ubuhle nokuphefumulelwa komculo wabantu bakhe. Umculi akaphumelelanga kangako kuma-symphonies e-classical aseduze.

Eminyakeni yamuva, uCharles Munch, eshiya iBoston, wabuyela eYurophu. Ehlala eFrance, waqhubeka nekhonsathi ekhuthele nemisebenzi yokufundisa, ejabulela ukuqashelwa kabanzi. Umculi unencwadi ye-autobiographical ethi "Ngingumqhubi", eyanyatheliswa ngo-1960 ngokuhumusha kwesiRashiya.

L. Grigoriev, J. Platek