UDavid Fedorovich Oistrakh |

UDavid Oistrakh

Sekuyisikhathi eside iSoviet Union idume ngabashayi bevayolini. Emuva ngeminyaka yama-30s, ukunqoba okuhle kwabadlali bethu emiqhudelwaneni yamazwe ngamazwe kwamangaza umphakathi womculo womhlaba. Isikole se-violin saseSoviet kwakukhulunywa ngaso njengesihamba phambili emhlabeni. Phakathi komlaza wamathalenta agqamile, intende yesandla isivele ingekaDavid Oistrakh. Usasigcinile isikhundla sakhe kwaze kwaba namuhla.

Kubhalwe izindatshana eziningi nge-Oistrakh, mhlawumbe ngezilimi zabantu abaningi emhlabeni; Kuye kwabhalwa ama-monographs nama-eseyi, futhi kubonakala sengathi awekho amagama angeke ashiwo mayelana nomculi ngabathandi bethalente lakhe elimangalisayo. Futhi nokho ngifuna ukukhuluma ngakho futhi futhi. Mhlawumbe, akekho noyedwa wabadlali be-violin owabonisa ngokugcwele umlando wobuciko be-violin wezwe lethu. I-Oistrakh yathuthukiswa kanye nesiko lomculo laseSoviet, yamukela ngokujulile imibono yayo, ubuhle bayo. “Wadalwa” njengengcweti emhlabeni wethu, eqondisa ngokucophelela ukuthuthukiswa kwethalente elikhulu lomdwebi.

Kunobuciko obucindezelayo, obudala ukukhathazeka, obukwenza wehlelwe yizinhlekelele zokuphila; kodwa kukhona ubuciko bohlobo oluhlukile, oluletha ukuthula, injabulo, ukuphulukisa amanxeba angokomoya, lukhuthaza ukusungulwa kokukholwa ekuphileni, esikhathini esizayo. Lesi sakamuva sibonakala kakhulu ku-Oistrakh. Ubuciko buka-Oistrakh bufakazela ukuvumelana okumangalisayo kwemvelo yakhe, umhlaba wakhe ongokomoya, ekuboneni okukhanyayo nokucacile kokuphila. U-Oistrakh uyiciko eliseshayo, onganeliseki phakade ngalokho akuzuzile. Isigaba ngasinye se-biography yakhe yokudala "i-Oistrakh entsha". Eminyakeni yama-30s, wayeyingcweti yama-miniatures, egcizelela ukucula okuthambile, okuthandekayo, nokulula. Ngaleso sikhathi, ukudlala kwakhe kwakhangwa umusa ocashile, amazwibela ahlabayo ahlabayo, okucwengisiswe ukuphelela kwayo yonke imininingwane. Kwadlula iminyaka, futhi u-Oistrakh waba umpetha wezinhlobo ezinkulu, eziyisikhumbuzo, kuyilapho elondoloza izimfanelo zakhe zangaphambili.

Esigabeni sokuqala, igeyimu yakhe ibibuswa "amathoni we-watercolor" ngokuchema okuya kububanzi obukhazimulayo, obusiliva bemibala enokushintshwa okungabonakali ukusuka komunye ukuya komunye. Kodwa-ke, ekhonsathini yaseKhachaturian, wazibonakalisa esesimweni esisha. Wabonakala edala isithombe esimibalabala esidakayo, esinezinsimbi ezijulile "ze-velvety" zombala womsindo. Futhi uma emakhonsathini kaMendelssohn, Tchaikovsky, ezithombeni ezincane zikaKreisler, Scriabin, Debussy, wabonwa njengomdlali wethalenta eliphelele, khona-ke ku-Concerto kaKhachaturian wabonakala njengomdwebi wohlobo oluhle kakhulu; ukutolika kwakhe ngale Concerto sekuyinto yakudala.

Isiteji esisha, isiphetho esisha sokuthuthuka kobuciko bomculi omangalisayo - Ikhonsathi kaShostakovich. Akunakwenzeka ukukhohlwa umbono oshiywe yi-premiere ye-Concert eyenziwa ngu-Oistrakh. Waguquka ngokoqobo; umdlalo wakhe wathola isikali "se-symphonic", amandla abuhlungu, "ukuhlakanipha kwenhliziyo" nobuhlungu bomuntu, okuyingxenye yomculo womqambi omkhulu waseSoviet.

Echaza ukusebenza kuka-Oistrakh, akunakwenzeka ukungaliboni ikhono lakhe eliphezulu lokudlala izinsimbi. Kubonakala sengathi imvelo ayikaze idale ukuhlangana okuphelele okunjalo komuntu nethuluzi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ubuhle bokusebenza kuka-Oistrakh bukhethekile. Inakho kokubili ubuhlakani nokubukisa lapho umculo ukudinga, kodwa akuyona into eyinhloko, kodwa ipulasitiki. Ukukhanya okumangalisayo nokukhululeka umdwebi enza ngakho iziqephu ezididayo akunakuqhathaniswa. Ukuphelela kwemishini yakhe yokwenza ukuthi uthole injabulo yangempela yobuhle uma umbuka edlala. Nge-dexterity engaqondakali, isandla sobunxele sihamba entanyeni. Awekho ama-jolt abukhali noma ukuguqulwa kwe-angular. Noma yikuphi ukugxuma kunqotshwa ngokukhululeka okuphelele, noma yikuphi ukwelula kweminwe - ngokunwebeka okukhulu. Umnsalo “uxhunywe” ezintanjeni ngendlela yokuthi insimbi evevezelayo, ephulula ivayolini ka-Oistrakh ingeke ilibaleke ngokushesha.

Iminyaka yengeza izici ezengeziwe ebucikweni bakhe. Kujula futhi… kube lula. Kodwa, eguquguqukayo, eqhubekela phambili njalo, u-Oistrakh uhlala "yena" - umculi wokukhanya nelanga, i-violinist ye-lyrical yesikhathi sethu.

U-Oistrakh wazalelwa e-Odessa ngo-September 30, 1908. Uyise, isisebenzi sasehhovisi esinesizotha, wayedlala i-mandolin, i-violin, futhi ewuthanda kakhulu umculo; Umama, umculi okhokhelwayo, wacula ekwayeni ye-Odessa Opera House. Kusukela eneminyaka emine, uDavid omncane wayelalela ngentshiseko imidlalo ye-opera unina ayecula kuyo, futhi ekhaya wayedlala imidlalo futhi “eqhuba” i-orchestra ecatshangelwayo. Umculo wakhe wawusobala kangangokuthi waba nesithakazelo kuthisha owaziwayo owaduma emsebenzini wakhe nezingane, umshayi wevayolini uP. Stolyarsky. Kusukela eneminyaka emihlanu, u-Oistrakh waqala ukufunda naye.

Kwagqashuka iMpi Yezwe Yokuqala. Uyise ka-Oistrakh waya phambili, kodwa uStolyarsky waqhubeka esebenza nomfana mahhala. Ngaleso sikhathi, wayenesikole somculo esizimele, esasibizwa ngokuthi "imboni yamathalenta" e-Odessa. “Wayenomphefumulo omkhulu, oshisekayo njengengcweti nothando oluyisimanga ngezingane,” kukhumbula u-Oistrakh. UStolyarsky wafaka kuye uthando lomculo wekamelo, wamphoqa ukuthi adlale umculo kuma-ensembles esikoleni ku-viola noma i-violin.

Ngemva kokuvukela umbuso kanye nempi yombango, i-Music and Drama Institute yavulwa e-Odessa. Ngo-1923, u-Oistrakh wangena lapha, futhi-ke, ekilasini laseStolyarsky. Ngo-1924 wanikeza ikhonsathi yakhe yokuqala eyedwa futhi ngokushesha wazi kahle imisebenzi ephakathi ye-violin repertoire (amakhonsathi kaBach, Tchaikovsky, Glazunov). Ngo-1925 wenza uhambo lwakhe lokuqala ekhonsathini Elizavetgrad, Nikolaev, Kherson. Entwasahlobo ka-1926, u-Oistrakh wathweswa iziqu ngobuhlakani, wenza i-Concerto yokuqala ye-Prokofiev, i-Sonata ka-Tartini ethi "Devil's Trills", i-Sonata ka-A. Rubinstein ye-Viola noPiano.

Ake siqaphele ukuthi i-Concerto kaProkofiev yakhethwa njengomsebenzi oyinhloko wokuhlolwa. Ngaleso sikhathi, akuwona wonke umuntu owayengathatha isinyathelo esibi kangaka. Umculo kaProkofiev wabonwa ngabambalwa, kwaba nzima ukuthi uthole ukuqashelwa kubaculi abakhuliswe ngama-classics ekhulwini lesi-XNUMX nele-XNUMX. Isifiso sobusha, ukuqonda okusheshayo nokujulile okusha kwahlala kuyisici se-Oistrakh, okusebenza kwayo ukuziphendukela kwemvelo kungasetshenziswa ukubhala umlando womculo we-violin waseSoviet. Kungashiwo ngaphandle kwehaba ukuthi iningi lamakhonsathi e-violin, i-sonatas, imisebenzi yezinhlobo ezinkulu nezincane ezidalwe abaqambi baseSoviet zenziwa okokuqala ngu-Oistrakh. Yebo, futhi kusukela ezincwadini ze-violin zakwamanye amazwe zekhulu lesi-XNUMX, kwakungu-Oistrakh owethula abalaleli baseSoviet ezimeni eziningi ezinkulu; isibonelo, ngamakhonsathi ka-Szymanowski, Chausson, Ikhonsathi Yokuqala ka-Bartók, njll.

Yiqiniso, ngesikhathi sobusha bakhe, u-Oistrakh akakwazanga ukuqonda ngokujulile umculo wekhonsathi ye-Prokofiev, njengoba umculi ngokwakhe ekhumbula. Ngemva nje kokuba u-Oistrakh ethweswe iziqu e-Institute, u-Prokofiev weza e-Odessa namakhonsathi ombhali. Ngobusuku obuhlelwe ngokuhlonishwa kwakhe, u-Oistrakh oneminyaka engu-18 wadlala i-scherzo evela kuKhonsathi Yokuqala. Umqambi wayehlezi eduze kwesiteji. “Phakathi nemidlalo yami,” kukhumbula u-Oistrakh, “ubuso bakhe baba nosizi. Kuthe uma kushaywa ihlombe akazange abambe iqhaza. Esondela esiteji, engawunaki umsindo nesasasa lezethameli, wacela umdlali wopiyano ukuba amnikeze ithuba futhi, ephendukela kimi ngala mazwi: “Nsizwa, awudlali nhlobo ngendlela okufanele udlale ngayo,” waqala. ukungikhombisa nokungichazela uhlobo lomculo wakhe. . Eminyakeni eminingi kamuva, u-Oistrakh wakhumbuza uProkofiev ngalesi sigameko, futhi wazizwa enamahloni lapho ethola ukuthi yayingubani “insizwa eneshwa” eyayihlushwe kangaka.

Ngama-20s, u-F. Kreisler waba nethonya elikhulu ku-Oistrakh. U-Oistrakh wajwayelana nokusebenza kwakhe ngokuqoshwa kwakhe futhi wakhangwa umsuka wesitayela sakhe. Umthelela omkhulu ka-Kreisler esizukulwaneni sabadlali bevayolini bama-20s nama-30s ngokuvamile ubonwa njengokuhle nokubi. Ngokusobala, u-Kreisler “wayenecala” lokuthatheka kuka-Oistrakh ngefomu elincane – ama-miniatures nokulotshiwe, lapho amalungiselelo ka-Kreisler nemidlalo yasekuqaleni kwakunendima ebalulekile.

Intshisekelo ka-Kreisler yayisemhlabeni wonke futhi abambalwa bahlala bengenandaba nesitayela sakhe nokudala. Kusuka e-Kreisler, u-Oistrakh wasebenzisa amasu okudlala - isici se-glissando, vibrato, portamento. Mhlawumbe u-Oistrakh unesikweleti "sesikoleni saseKreisler" ngobuhle, ukukhululeka, ukuthamba, ukunotha kwamathunzi "ekamelo" asithatha emdlalweni wakhe. Kodwa-ke, yonke into ayeyibolekile yayicutshungulwa ngendlela engavamile ngisho nangaleso sikhathi. Ukuhlukaniswa komculi osemusha kwakhanya kangangokuthi kwashintsha noma yikuphi "ukutholwa". Esikhathini sakhe esivuthiwe, u-Oistrakh washiya uKreisler, ebeka amasu acacile ayewamukele kuye enkonzweni yemigomo ehluke ngokuphelele. Isifiso sokusebenza kwengqondo, ukukhiqizwa kwezwe eliyinkimbinkimbi yemizwa ejulile kwamholela ezindleleni zokumemezela iphimbo, imvelo ephikisana ngokuqondile nenhle, isosha esihlatshelelwayo sikaKreisler.

Ehlobo lika-1927, ngesinyathelo somdlali wopiyano waseKyiv uK. Mikhailov, u-Oistrakh wethulwa ku-AK Glazunov, owayeze eKyiv ukuzoqhuba amakhonsathi amaningana. Ehhotela lapho u-Oistrakh alethwe khona, u-Glazunov wahambisana nomdlali we-violini osemusha e-Concerto yakhe ophiyano. Ngaphansi kwe-baton ye-Glazunov, u-Oistrakh wenza kabili i-Concerto esidlangalaleni ne-orchestra. E-Odessa, lapho u-Oistrakh ebuya khona noGlazunov, wahlangana noPolyakin, owayehambela lapho, futhi ngemva kwesikhashana, nomqhubi uN. Malko, owammema ohambweni lwakhe lokuqala lokuya eLeningrad. Ngo-October 10, 1928, u-Oistrakh waqala ngempumelelo eLeningrad; umculi osemusha wathola ukuthandwa.

Ngo-1928, u-Oistrakh wathuthela eMoscow. Okwesikhathi esithile uhola impilo yomculi wezivakashi, ehamba e-Ukraine ngamakhonsathi. Okubaluleke kakhulu emsebenzini wakhe wobuciko kwaba ukunqoba ku-All-Ukrainian Violin Competition ngo-1930. Wazuza umklomelo wokuqala.

P. Kogan, umqondisi wehhovisi lekhonsathi lama-orchestra kahulumeni namaqoqo ase-Ukraine, waba nesithakazelo kulo mculi osemusha. Umhleli omuhle kakhulu, wayengumuntu ophawulekayo we-"Soviet impresario-educator", njengoba angabizwa ngokusho kokuqondisa kanye nemvelo yomsebenzi wakhe. Wayengumsakazi wangempela wobuciko be-classical phakathi kwabantu abaningi, futhi abaculi abaningi baseSoviet bagcina inkumbulo enhle ngaye. U-Kogan wenza okuningi ukuze adume nge-Oistrakh, kodwa indawo eyinhloko yamakhonsathi yomdlali wevayolini yayingaphandle kwaseMoscow naseLeningrad. Kuphela ngo-1933 lapho u-Oistrakh waqala khona ukuya eMoscow. Ukwenza kwakhe ngohlelo olwakhiwe amakhonsathi kaMozart, uMendelssohn noTchaikovsky, olwenziwa ngobusuku obubodwa, kwaba umcimbi lapho iMoscow yomculo yakhuluma khona. Izibuyekezo kulotshiwe mayelana Oistrakh, lapho kuphawulwe ukuthi ukudlala kwakhe kunezimfanelo ezinhle kakhulu zesizukulwane esisha abadlali Soviet, ukuthi lobu buciko inempilo, eqondakalayo, ejabule, eqinile. Abagxeki baqaphela ngokufanelekile izici eziyinhloko zesitayela sakhe sokwenza, okwakuyisici kuye ngaleyo minyaka - ikhono eliyingqayizivele ekusebenzeni kwemisebenzi yefomu elincane.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kwesinye sezihloko sithola imigqa elandelayo: “Nokho, kusengaphambi kwesikhathi ukucabangela ukuthi i-miniature iwuhlobo lwakhe. Cha, indawo ka-Oistrakh ingumculo wepulasitiki, amafomu amnandi, umculo ogcwele igazi, nonethemba lokuhle.

Ngo-1934, ngokuthatha isinyathelo sika-A. Goldenweiser, u-Oistrakh wamenyelwa endaweni yokugcina izinto. Yilapho umsebenzi wakhe wokufundisa waqala khona, osaqhubeka kuze kube manje.

Iminyaka yama-30s kwakuyisikhathi sokunqoba okuhle kuka-Oistrakh ku-All-Union kanye nesiteji somhlaba. 1935 - umklomelo wokuqala ku-II All-Union Competition of Performing Musicians eLeningrad; ngawo lowo nyaka, ezinyangeni ezimbalwa kamuva - umklomelo wesibili ku-Henryk Wieniawski International Violin Competition eWarsaw (umklomelo wokuqala waya kuGinette Neve, umfundi kaThibaut); Ngo-1937 - umklomelo wokuqala ku-Eugene Ysaye International Violin Competition eBrussels.

Umncintiswano wokugcina, lapho imiklomelo eyisithupha kweyisikhombisa yokuqala inqotshwe yi-violin yaseSoviet u-D. Oistrakh, B. Goldstein, E. Gilels, M. Kozolupova noM. Fikhtengolts, yahlolwa yi-world press njengokunqoba kwe-violin yaseSoviet. isikole. Ilungu lamajaji emncintiswaneni uJacques Thibault wabhala: “Lawa ngamathalente amangalisayo. I-USSR yizwe kuphela eliye lanakekela abaculi balo abasha futhi lanikeza amathuba agcwele okuthuthukiswa kwabo. Kusukela namuhla, i-Oistrakh ithola udumo emhlabeni wonke. Bafuna ukumlalela kuwo wonke amazwe.”

Ngemva komncintiswano, abahlanganyeli bayo benza eParis. Lo mncintiswano uvulele i-Oistrakh indlela yokwandisa imisebenzi yamazwe ngamazwe. Ekhaya, u-Oistrakh uba i-violinist ethandwa kakhulu, eqhudelana ngempumelelo noMiron Polyakin kulokhu. Kodwa into eyinhloko ukuthi ubuciko bakhe obukhangayo budonsela ukunaka kwabaqambi, bukhuthaze ubuciko babo. Ngo-1939, i-Myaskovsky Concerto yasungulwa, ngo-1940 - Khachaturian. Womabili amakhonsathi anikezelwe ku-Oistrakh. Ukusebenza kwamakhonsathi kaMyaskovsky noKhachaturian kwabonwa njengomcimbi omkhulu empilweni yomculo wezwe, kwaba umphumela kanye nomvuthwandaba wenkathi yangaphambi kwempi yomsebenzi womculi ophawulekayo.

Phakathi nempi, u-Oistrakh waqhubeka enikeza amakhonsathi, edlala ezibhedlela, ngemuva nangaphambili. Njengabaculi abaningi baseSoviet, ugcwele intshiseko yokushisekela izwe, ngo-1942 wenza eLeningrad evinjezelwe. Amasosha nezisebenzi, amatilosi nezakhamuzi zomuzi ziyamlalela. “I-Oki ifike lapha ngemuva komsebenzi onzima izolalela u-Oistrakh, umdwebi waseMainland, waseMoscow. Ikhonsathi ibingakapheli ngesikhathi kumenyezelwa isixwayiso sokuhlasela kwezindiza. Akekho owaphuma ekamelweni. Ngemuva kokuphela kwekhonsathi, umculi wamukelwe ngemfudumalo. Injabulo yaqina ikakhulukazi lapho kumenyezelwa isimemezelo sokuklonyeliswa koMklomelo Wombuso ku-D. Oistrakh … ”.

Impi isiphelile. Ngo-1945, uYehudi Menuhin wafika eMoscow. U-Oistrakh udlala naye i-Bach Concerto ephindwe kabili. Ngesizini ka-1946/47 wenza eMoscow umjikelezo omkhulu onikezelwe emlandweni wekhonsathi ye-violin. Lesi senzo sisikhumbuza amakhonsathi omlando adumile ka-A. Rubinstein. Umjikelezo wawuhlanganisa imisebenzi efana namakhonsathi ka-Elgar, Sibelius noWalton. Wachaza okuthile okusha emfanekisweni wokudala ka-Oistrakh, osekuphenduke izinga lakhe elingenakuphikwa - i-universalism, isifiso sokusakazwa okubanzi kwezincwadi ze-violin zazo zonke izikhathi nabantu, kuhlanganise nesimanjemanje.

Ngemva kwempi, i-Oistrakh yavula amathuba omsebenzi omkhulu wamazwe ngamazwe. Uhambo lwakhe lokuqala lwenzeka e-Vienna ngo-1945. Ukubuyekezwa kokudlala kwakhe kuyaphawuleka: “… Kuphela ukuvuthwa ngokomoya kokudlala kwakhe okunesitayela okumenza abe umethuli wesintu esiphakeme, umculi obaluleke ngempela, ondawo yakhe isezingeni lokuqala. abadlali be-violin emhlabeni.

Ngo-1945-1947, u-Oistrakh wahlangana no-Enescu eBucharest, kanye noMenuhin ePrague; ngo-1951 waqokwa njengelungu lejaji leBelgian Queen Elisabeth International Competition eBrussels. Ngama-50s, wonke abezindaba bakwamanye amazwe bamlinganise njengomunye wabadlali bevayolini abakhulu emhlabeni. Ngesikhathi eseBrussels, udlala noThibault, ophethe i-orchestra ekhonsathini yakhe, edlala amakhonsathi kaBach, Mozart noBeethoven. U-Thiebaud ugcwele ukutuseka okujulile ngethalente lika-Oistrakh. Ukubuyekezwa kokusebenza kwakhe e-Düsseldorf ngo-1954 kugcizelela ubuntu obungena ngaphakathi kanye nengokomoya lomsebenzi wakhe. “Le ndoda iyabathanda abantu, leli ciko lithanda abahle, abahlonishwayo; ukusiza abantu ukuba bathole lo msebenzi wakhe.”

Kulezi zibuyekezo, u-Oistrakh ubonakala njengomdlali ofinyelela ekujuleni kwesimiso sobuntu emculweni. Imizwa kanye nezingoma zobuciko bakhe zingokwengqondo, futhi yilokhu okuthinta abalaleli. "Ungafingqa kanjani umbono womdlalo kaDavid Oistrakh? – wabhala E. Jourdan-Morrange. - Izincazelo ezivamile, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi i-dithyrambic ingaba, ayifaneleki ubuciko bakhe obuhlanzekile. U-Oistrakh ungumdlali wevayolini ophelele kakhulu engake ngamuzwa, hhayi kuphela ngokwesu lakhe, elilingana nelikaHeifetz, kodwa ikakhulukazi ngoba le nqubo iguqulelwe ngokuphelele enkonzweni yomculo. Yeka ukwethembeka, yeka ubuhle ekubulaweni!

Ngo-1955 u-Oistrakh waya eJapane nase-United States. EJapane, babhala: “Izilaleli kuleli zwe ziyakwazi ukwazisa ubuciko, kodwa zithambekele ekuzithibeni ekuboniseni imizwa. Lapha, wahlanya ngokoqobo. Ihlombe elimangalisayo lihlanganiswe nokumemeza kokuthi “bravo!” futhi wayebonakala ekwazi ukumangala. Impumelelo ka-Oistrakh e-USA yafinyelela ekunqobeni: “U-David Oistrakh ungumdlali wevayolini ophambili, ongomunye wabadlali bevayolini abaqavile besikhathi sethu. U-Oistrakh muhle hhayi nje ngoba engumuntu okhaliphile, kodwa ungumculi wangempela wokomoya.” F. Kreisler, C. Francescatti, M. Elman, I. Stern, N. Milstein, T. Spivakovsky, P. Robson, E. Schwarzkopf, P. Monte balalele u-Oistrakh ekhonsathini eCarnegie Hall.

“Kwangithinta ngokukhethekile ukuba khona kukaKreisler ehholo. Lapho ngibona umdlali omkhulu wevayolini, elalelisisa ukudlala kwami, futhi engishayela ihlombe ngimile, yonke into eyenzekayo yabonakala njengephupho elimangalisayo. U-Oistrakh wahlangana no-Kreisler ngesikhathi sokuvakasha kwakhe kwesibili e-United States ngo-1962-1963. UKreisler ngaleso sikhathi wayeseyindoda endala kakhulu. Phakathi kwemihlangano nabaculi abakhulu, umuntu kufanele aphinde akhulume ngomhlangano no-P. Casals ngo-1961, owashiya uphawu olujulile enhliziyweni ye-Oistrakh.

Umugqa ogqamile ekusebenzeni kuka-Oistrakh umculo we-chamber-ensemble. U-Oistrakh wabamba iqhaza ngobusuku bekamelo e-Odessa; kamuva wadlala kwabathathu no-Igumnov noKnushevitsky, ethatha indawo yomdlali wevayolini uKalinovsky kuleli qoqo. Ngo-1935 wenza i-sonata ensemble noL. Oborin. Ngokusho kuka-Oistrakh, kwenzeka kanje: baya eTurkey ekuqaleni kweminyaka engu-30, futhi lapho kwakudingeka badlale kusihlwa se-sonata. “Umqondo wabo womculo” uhlobene kangangokuba kwafika umqondo wokuqhubeka nalo mhlangano ongahleliwe.

Imidlalo eminingi ngobusuku obuhlangene yaletha omunye wabadlali abakhulu kunabo bonke baseSoviet, uSvyatoslav Knushevitsky, eduze no-Oistrakh no-Oborin. Isinqumo sokudala i-trio ehlala njalo safika ngo-1940. Ukusebenza kokuqala kwalokhu kuhlanganisa okuphawulekayo kwenzeka ngo-1941, kodwa umsebenzi wekhonsathi ohlelekile waqala ngo-1943. I-trio L. Oborin, D. Oistrakh, S. Knushevitsky iminyaka eminingi (kuze kube yilapho 1962, lapho Knushevitsky efa) kwaba ukuziqhenya umculo wegumbi Soviet. Amakhonsathi amaningi aleli qembu ayelokhu eqoqela ndawonye amahholo agcwele ezilaleli ezishisekayo. Imisebenzi yakhe yayibanjelwe eMoscow, Leningrad. Ngo-1952, laba abathathu baya emikhosini kaBeethoven eLeipzig. U-Oborin no-Oistrakh benza wonke umjikelezo we-sonatas ka-Beethoven.

Umdlalo wabathathu uhlukaniswe ukuhlangana okungajwayelekile. I-cantilena eminyene ephawulekayo yaseKnushevitsky, enomsindo wayo, i-velvety timbre, ehlangene ngokuphelele nomsindo wesiliva we-Oistrakh. Umsindo wabo wawuhambisana nokucula ku-piano ethi Oborin. Emculweni, abaculi bembula futhi bagcizelela uhlangothi lwawo lwezingoma, ukudlala kwabo kwakuhlukaniswa ngobuqotho, ukuthamba okuvela enhliziyweni. Ngokuvamile, indlela yokwenza ye-ensemble ingabizwa ngokuthi i-lyrical, kodwa nge-classical poise kanye nokuqina.

I-Oborin-Oistrakh Ensemble isekhona nanamuhla. Ubusuku babo be-sonata bushiya umbono wobuqotho besitayela nokuphelela. Izinkondlo ezitholakala emdlalweni ka-Oborin zihlanganiswa nesici sokucabanga komculo; U-Oistrakh unguzakwethu omuhle kakhulu kulokhu. Lena iqoqo lokunambitheka okuhle, ubuhlakani bomculo obungavamile.

I-Oistrakh yaziwa emhlabeni wonke. Umakwe ngeziqu eziningi; ngo-1959 iRoyal Academy of Music eLondon yamkhetha njengelungu elihloniphekile, ngo-1960 waba isazi esihloniphekile se-St. Cecilia eRoma; ngo-1961 - ilungu elihambisanayo le-German Academy of Arts eBerlin, kanye nelungu le-American Academy of Sciences and Arts eBoston. U-Oistrakh uklonyeliswe ngama-Order kaLenin kanye nebheji lokuhlonishwa; waklonyeliswa ngesihloko esithi People's Artist of the USSR. Ngo-1961 waklonyeliswa uMklomelo kaLenin, owokuqala phakathi kwabaculi baseSoviet.

Encwadini ka-Yampolsky mayelana no-Oistrakh, izici zakhe zomlingiswa zithunjwa kafushane futhi kafushane: amandla angenakuvinjelwa, umsebenzi onzima, ingqondo ebukhali ebukhali, ekwazi ukubona konke okuyisici. Lokhu kubonakala ngezahlulelo zika-Oistrakh mayelana nokudlalwa kwabaculi abavelele. Uhlale ekwazi ukukhomba okubaluleke kakhulu, ukudweba isithombe esinembile, ukunikeza ukuhlaziya okucashile kwesitayela, qaphela okujwayelekile ekubukekeni komculi. Izahlulelo zakhe zingathenjwa, njengoba ngokwengxenye enkulu zingakhethi.

U-Yampolsky uphawula nendlela yokuhlekisa: “Uyazisa futhi uyalithanda igama elihloselwe kahle, elibukhali, uyakwazi ukuhleka ngendlela ethelelanayo lapho exoxa indaba ehlekisayo noma elalela indaba yamahlaya. NjengoHeifetz, angakwazi ukukopisha ngokujabulisayo ukudlala kwabadlali bevayolini abaqalayo. " Ngamandla amakhulu awachitha nsuku zonke, uhlale ehlakaniphile, ezithibile. Ekuphileni kwansuku zonke uthanda ezemidlalo - eminyakeni yakhe encane wayedlala i-tennis; umshayeli osezingeni eliphezulu, othanda i-chess ngentshiseko. Ngama-30s, umlingani wakhe we-chess kwakungu-S. Prokofiev. Ngaphambi kwempi, u-Oistrakh ubekade engusihlalo wesigaba sezemidlalo seCentral House of Artists iminyaka eminingana futhi engumpetha we-chess wekilasi lokuqala.

Esiteji, u-Oistrakh ukhululekile; akanalo isasasa elisibekela izinhlobonhlobo zenani elikhulu labaculi abaculayo. Masikhumbule ukuthi u-Joachim, u-Auer, u-Thiebaud, u-Huberman, u-Polyakin bakhathazeke kangakanani, ukuthi angakanani amandla ovalo abawasebenzise ekwenzeni ngakunye. U-Oistrakh uthanda isiteji futhi, njengoba evuma, amakhefu abalulekile kuphela emidlalo amenza ajabule.

Umsebenzi ka-Oistrakh udlulela ngalé kobubanzi bemisebenzi eyenziwa ngokuqondile. Waba negalelo elikhulu ezincwadini ze-violin njengomhleli; isibonelo, inguqulo yakhe (kanye no-K. Mostras) yekhonsathi ye-violin kaTchaikovsky inhle kakhulu, inothisa futhi ilungisa kakhulu inguqulo ka-Auer. Ake siphinde sikhombise umsebenzi ka-Oistrakh kuwo womabili ama-sonata e-violin ka-Prokofiev. Ama-violinists amkweleta ukuthi i-Second Sonata, ekuqaleni eyayibhalelwe umtshingo ne-violin, yenziwa kabusha nguProkofiev ngevayolini.

U-Oistrakh uhlala esebenza emisebenzini emisha, engutolika wabo wokuqala. Uhlu lwemisebenzi emisha yabaqambi baseSoviet, "ekhishwe" ngu-Oistrakh, inkulu. Uma sibala ezimbalwa nje: i-sonatas kaProkofiev, amakhonsathi kaMyaskovsky, Rakov, Khachaturian, Shostakovich. Kwesinye isikhathi u-Oistrakh ubhala izindatshana ngezingcezu azidlalile, futhi esinye isazi somculo singaba nomona ngokuhlaziya kwakhe.

Okumangalisayo, isibonelo, ukuhlaziya i-Violin Concerto kaMyaskovsky, futhi ikakhulukazi nguShostakovich.

UOistrakh ungumbungazi ovelele. Phakathi kwabafundi bakhe kukhona abawine imiqhudelwano yamazwe ngamazwe u-V. Klimov; indodana yakhe, okwamanje umculi wekhonsathi ovelele I. Oistrakh, kanye no-O. Parkhomenko, V. Pikaizen, S. Snitkovetsky, J. Ter-Merkeryan, R. Fine, N. Beilina, O. Krysa. Abashayi bevayolini abaningi bakwamanye amazwe balwela ukungena ekilasini lika-Oistrakh. I-French M. Bussino kanye no-D. Arthur, i-Turkish E. Erduran, i-violinist yase-Australia uM. Beryl-Kimber, D. Bravnichar waseYugoslavia, i-Bulgarian B. Lechev, i-Romanian I. Voicu, S. Georgiou yafunda ngaphansi kwakhe. U-Oistrakh uthanda i-pedagogy futhi usebenza ekilasini ngothando. Indlela yakhe isekelwe ikakhulukazi ekuhlangenwe nakho kwakhe kokwenza. “Imibono ayenzayo mayelana nalokhu noma leyo ndlela yokusebenza ihlale imfushane futhi ibaluleke kakhulu; kuwo wonke amazwi-iseluleko, ubonisa ukuqonda okujulile kwemvelo yensimbi kanye namasu okusebenza kwe-violin.

Ubheka ukubaluleka okukhulu ekubonisweni okuqondile kwethuluzi uthisha wesiqephu esifundwa umfundi. Kodwa ukubonisa kuphela, ngokombono wakhe, kuyasiza ikakhulukazi phakathi nenkathi lapho umfundi ehlaziya umsebenzi, ngoba ngokuqhubekayo kungaphazamisa ukuthuthukiswa kobuntu bokudala bomfundi.

U-Oistrakh uthuthukisa ngobuchule izisetshenziswa zobuchwepheshe zabafundi bakhe. Ezimweni eziningi, izilwane zakhe ezifuywayo zihlukaniswa ngenkululeko yokuba nethuluzi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukunaka okukhethekile kwezobuchwepheshe akusona neze isici sika-Oistrakh uthisha. Unesithakazelo kakhulu ezinkingeni zemfundo yomculo nezobuciko zabafundi bakhe.

Eminyakeni yamuva, u-Oistrakh ube nesithakazelo ekuqhubeni. Ukudlala kwakhe kokuqala njengomqhubi kwenzeka ngoFebhuwari 17, 1962 eMoscow - wayehambisana nendodana yakhe u-Igor, owenza amakhonsathi kaBach, Beethoven noBrahms. “Indlela ka-Oistrakh yokuqhuba ngayo ilula futhi ingokwemvelo, njengendlela yakhe yokudlala ivayolini. Uzothile, uyancisha nokunyakaza okungadingekile. Akacindezeli i-orchestra "ngamandla" omqhubi wakhe, kodwa unikeza iqembu elidlalayo inkululeko enkulu yokudala, ethembele ekuqondeni kobuciko kwamalungu alo. Ubuhle negunya leciko eliphambili linomthelela ongenakuvinjelwa kubaculi.”

Ngo-1966, u-Oistrakh wahlanganisa iminyaka engu-58 ubudala. Nokho, ugcwele amandla okudala asebenzayo. Ikhono lakhe lisahlukaniswa ngenkululeko, ukuphelela okuphelele. Kwacetshiswa kuphela ngokuhlangenwe nakho kobuciko bempilo ende, ezinikele ngokuphelele kubuciko bakhe obuthandayo.

L. Raaben, 1967