Kobza: kuyini, ukwakheka kwensimbi, umlando, umsindo, ukusetshenziswa

Insimbi yomculo wesintu yase-Ukraine i-kobza ihlobene kakhulu ne-lute. Iyingxenye yezintambo, ezihlutshiwe, zinezintambo ezine noma ngaphezulu ezibhanqiwe. Ngaphezu kwe-Ukraine, izinhlobo zayo zitholakala eMoldova, eRomania, eHungary, ePoland.

Idivayisi yethuluzi

Isisekelo siwumzimba, impahla yawo izinkuni. Ukuma komzimba kubude kancane, kufana nepheya. Ingxenye engaphambili, efakwe izintambo, iyisicaba, uhlangothi olungemuva luyi-convex. Ubukhulu becala buyi-50 cm ubude no-30 cm ububanzi.

Intamo encane inamathele emzimbeni, ifakwe ama-metal frets kanye nekhanda eligobe kancane emuva. Izintambo zeluliwe eceleni kwengxenye yangaphambili, inani layo elihlukile: kwakukhona izinketho zokuklama okungenani ezine, ezinezintambo eziyishumi nambili.

Ngezinye izikhathi i-plectrum ixhunywe ngaphezu kwalokho - kulula kakhulu ukudlala ngayo kuneminwe yakho, umsindo uhlanzekile kakhulu.

Izwakala kanjani i-kobza?

Insimbi inesistimu ye-quarto-quint. Umsindo wayo uthambile, uthambile, ulungele ukuphelezelwa, ngaphandle kokuminza abanye ababambiqhaza kulo mdlalo. Ihambisana kahle ne-violin, umtshingo, i-clarinet, umtshingo.

Imisindo ye-kobza iyaveza, ngakho umculi angenza imisebenzi eyinkimbinkimbi. Izindlela zokudlala ziyafana nalezo zelute: ukuhluthula intambo, i-harmonic, i-legato, i-tremolo, amandla ahlukumezayo.

Umlando

Amamodeli afana ne-lute atholakala cishe kuwo wonke amasiko. Cishe, umqondo wokudalwa kwabo wazalelwa emazweni aseMpumalanga. Amagama athi "kobza", "kobuz" atholakala ebufakazini obubhaliwe obusukela ekhulwini lesi-XNUMX. Ukwakhiwa okufana nelute yase-Ukraine kwakubizwa ngokuthi "kopuz" eTurkey, kanye ne "cobza" eRomania.

I-kobza yayisetshenziswa kabanzi e-Ukraine, ithandana namaCossacks: yayinegama elikhethekile lapha: "Lute of the Cossack", "Cossack lute". Ababenekhono lokuyidlala babebizwa ngokuthi ama-kobzar. Ngokuvamile babehambisana nokucula kwabo, izinganekwane, izinganekwane nge-Play. Kunobufakazi obubhaliwe bokuthi u-hetman odumile u-Bohdan Khmelnytsky, lapho ethola amanxusa angaphandle, wadlala i-kobza.

Ngaphezu kwabantu base-Ukraine, ilute eguquliwe yasetshenziswa emazweni asePoland, aseRomania, naseRussia. Kwakubhekwa njengegugu lesizwe, kwakungadingi ukufunda isikhathi eside ukudlala. Izinhlobo zaseYurophu zazibukeka zifana, zihluka ngobukhulu kanye nenani lezintambo.

Ikhulu lesi-XNUMX laphawulwa ngokusungulwa kwethuluzi elifanayo, i-bandura. Ukuqamba okusha kwabonakala kuphelele kakhulu, kuyinkimbinkimbi, futhi ngokushesha kwaphoqa “udade” ukuba aphume emhlabeni womculo wase-Ukraine.

Namuhla, ungakwazi ukujwayelana nomlando wensimbi yase-Ukraine eMnyuziyamu we-Kobza Art edolobheni lasePereyaslavl-Khmelnitsky: cishe imibukiso engu-400 ifakwe ngaphakathi.

Ukusebenzisa

I-lute yase-Ukraine isetshenziswa kakhulu kuma-orchestra, ama-folk ensembles: ihambisana nokucula noma umculo oyinhloko.

Enye yama-ensembles adume kakhulu futhi asebenza ngempumelelo ane-kobza ekuqanjweni kwawo yi-National Academic Orchestra of Folk Instruments yase-Ukraine.