Clavichord: kuyini, ukwakheka insimbi, umlando, umsindo, ukusetshenziswa

I-"keystring" igama elingakahleleki lensimbi, eseliphenduke inguqulo ethuthukisiwe ye-monochord. Yena, njengesitho somzimba, wayenekhibhodi, kodwa hhayi amapayipi, kodwa izintambo, ezinyakaziswa umshini we-tangent, zazinomthwalo wemfanelo wokukhipha umsindo.

Idivayisi ye-Clavichord

Esigabeni sesimanje somculo, leli thuluzi lithathwa njengommeleli womndeni we-harpsichord, umanduleli omdala wepiyano. Inomzimba onekhibhodi, izitendi ezine. I-clavichord yayibekwe phansi noma etafuleni, ihlezi phansi, umculi washaya izihluthulelo, ekhipha imisindo. "Amakhibhodi" okuqala ayenohlu oluncane lomsindo - ama-octave amabili kuphela. Kamuva, insimbi yathuthukiswa, amandla ayo anwetshwa ama-octave amahlanu.

I-clavichord iyinsimbi yomculo enezintambo, idivayisi yayo efakwe izikhonkwane zensimbi. Iqoqo lezintambo "lifihliwe" esimweni, elenza ukunyakaza kwe-oscillatory lapho kuvezwa okhiye. Lapho becindezelwa, isikhonkwane sensimbi (tanget) sathinta intambo sayicindezela. Kuma-clavichords alula "amahhala", iyunithi yezinhlamvu ehlukile yabelwa ukhiye ngamunye. Amamodeli ayinkimbinkimbi (ahlobene) ahluke ngomphumela wama-tangets angu-2-3 ezingxenyeni ezihlukene zentambo.

Ubukhulu bomzimba wamathuluzi buncane - kusuka ku-80 kuya ku-150 amasentimitha. I-clavichord yayiphathwa kalula futhi ifakwe ezindaweni ezahlukene. Umzimba wawuhlotshiswe ngemidwebo, imidwebo nemidwebo. Ukwakhiwa, kwasetshenziswa kuphela izinhlobo zezinkuni ezibalulekile: i-spruce, i-Karelian birch, i-cypress.

Umlando wemvelaphi

Insimbi yaba nomthelela omkhulu ekuthuthukisweni kwesiko lomculo. Usuku oluqondile lokuvela kwayo aluboniswa. Ukukhulunywa kokuqala kwavela ngekhulu le-XVI. Umsuka wegama ubhekisela egameni lesiLatini elithi "clavis" - ukhiye, ohlanganiswe nesiGreki "chord" yasendulo - intambo.

Umlando we-clavichord uqala e-Italy. Imibhalo esekhona ifakazela ukuthi kulapho amakhophi okuqala ayengavela khona. Enye yalezi, ekaDominic wasePisa, isisekhona kuze kube yilolu suku. Yakhiwa ngo-1543 futhi iwumbukiso wemnyuziyamu etholakala eLeipzig.

"Ikhibhodi" yathola ukuthandwa ngokushesha. Yayisetshenziselwa ikamelo, ukwenza umculo wasekhaya, njengoba i-clavichord yayingakwazi ukuzwakala kakhulu, iqhuma. Lesi sici savimbela ukusetshenziswa kwaso ekhonsathini emahholo amakhulu.

Usebenzisa ithuluzi

I-clavichord yakudala kakade ekhulwini lesi-5 yayinomsindo obanzi ofinyelela kuma-octave angu-XNUMX. Ukuwudlala kwakuwuphawu lokukhuliswa okuhle nemfundo. Ama-Aristocrat nabameleli bonxiwankulu bafake ithuluzi ezindlini zabo futhi bamema izihambeli kumakhonsathi ekamelo. Wadalelwa amaphuzu, abaqambi abakhulu babhala imisebenzi: VA Mozart, L. Van Beethoven, JS Bach.

Ikhulu le-19 laphawulwa ukuthandwa kwepianoforte. Uphiyano olunomsindo, oluzwakalayo lwathatha indawo ye-clavichord. Abavuseleli besimanje bayawuthanda umqondo wokubuyisela "ikhibhodi" endala ukuze bezwe umsindo wokuqala wemisebenzi yabaqambi abakhulu.