I-Kobyz: incazelo yensimbi, ukwakheka, umlando, inganekwane, ukusetshenziswa

Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, ama-shaman aseKazakh akwazi ukudlala insimbi emangalisayo yezintambo ezikhotheme, imisindo yayo eyabasiza ukuba baxhumane nemimoya yokhokho babo. Abantu abavamile babekholelwa ukuthi i-kobyz ingcwele, ezandleni zama-shaman ithola amandla akhethekile, umculo wayo ukwazi ukuthonya isiphetho somuntu, ukuxosha imimoya emibi, ukuphulukisa ezifweni ngisho nokwelula ukuphila.

Idivayisi yethuluzi

Ngisho nasezikhathini zasendulo, amaKazakh afunda ukwenza i-kobyz ngokhuni olulodwa. Bavula i-hemisphere engenalutho esiqeshini se-maple, uphayini noma i-birch, okwakuthi ngakolunye uhlangothi kuqhutshwe intamo egobile enekhanda eliyisicaba. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, okufakiwe kwakhiwe okwakusebenza njengendawo yokuma ngesikhathi sokudlala.

Ithuluzi lalingenalo ibhodi eliphezulu. Ukuwudlala, kwakusetshenziswa umnsalo. Ukuma kwayo kusikhumbuza umnsalo, lapho izinwele zehhashi zenza umsebenzi womnsalo. I-Kobyz inezintambo ezimbili kuphela. Zisontekile kusukela ezinweleni ezingu-60-100, ziboshwe ekhanda ngentambo eqinile yoboya bekamela. Insimbi enezintambo zoboya behhashi ibizwa ngokuthi i-kyl-kobyz, futhi uma kusetshenziswa umucu oqinile woboya bekamela, ibizwa ngokuthi i-nar-kobyz. Ubude obuphelele kusukela ekhanda kuya ekupheleni kokuma abukho ngaphezu kwamasentimitha angu-75.

Emakhulwini eminyaka adlule, insimbi yomculo kazwelonke ayizange ishintshe kangako. Ibuye yenziwe ngokhuni, ikholelwa ukuthi izingcezu eziqinile kuphela ezingasindisa umphefumulo ongacula njengomoya okhululekile, ukhale njengempisi, noma indandatho njengomcibisholo ophonswayo.

Maphakathi nekhulu leminyaka elidlule, izintambo ezimbili ezengeziwe zengezwa kulezi ezimbili ezivele zikhona. Lokhu kwavumela abadlali ukuba bandise ububanzi bomsindo, badlale insimbi hhayi kuphela izingoma zasendulo, kodwa futhi nemisebenzi eyinkimbinkimbi yabaqambi baseRussia nabaseYurophu.

Umlando

Umqambi odumile we-kobyz u-Turkic akyn nomxoxi wezindaba uKorkyt, owayehlala ngekhulu lesi-XNUMX. Izakhamuzi zaseKazakhstan zigcina ngokucophelela, zidlulisela emlonyeni izinganekwane ngalo mqambi wesintu. Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, ithuluzi belibhekwa njengemfanelo yabathwali benkolo yama-Tengrian - ama-bucks.

AmaShaman ambheka njengomxhumanisi phakathi kwezwe labantu nonkulunkulu. Babophela insimbi, imihlobiso elengayo yamatshe, izimpaphe zezikhova ekhanda lensimbi, base befaka nesibuko ngaphakathi kwebhokisi. Beqhuba amasiko abo angaqondakali nge-yurt emnyama, bamemeza iziphonso, bephoqa abantu abavamile ukuba balalele intando "ephakeme".

Imihambima yasemaqeleni yasebenzisa i-kobyz ukuze iqede ukudabuka ohambweni olude. Ubuciko bokudlala insimbi yadluliselwa kobaba kuya emadodaneni. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lesi-XNUMX, ukushushiswa kwama-shaman kwaqala, ngenxa yalokho, amasiko okudlala insimbi aphazamiseka. I-Kobyz icishe yalahlekelwa ukubaluleka kwayo kuzwelonke nangokomlando.

Umqambi weKazakh uZhappas Kalambaev kanye nothisha we-Alma-Ata Conservatory Daulet Myktybaev bakwazi ukubuyisela insimbi yesintu futhi baze bayilethe esiteji esikhulu.

Inganekwane emayelana nokudalwa kwe-kobyz

Ezikhathini ongazikhumbuli muntu, kwahlala insizwa enguKorkut. Wayemiselwe ukufa eneminyaka engu-40 - ngakho umdala waprofetha, owavela ephusheni. Engafuni ukunqotshwa isiphetho esidabukisayo, umfana wahlomisa ikamela, wahamba uhambo, enethemba lokuthola ukungafi. Ohambweni lwakhe wahlangana nabantu ababemba amathuna. Le nsizwa yaqonda ukuthi ukufa kwakungenakugwenywa.

Khona-ke, ngosizi, wenza umhlatshelo wekamela, wenza i-kobyz esiqwini somuthi omdala, futhi wemboza umzimba waso ngesikhumba sesilwane. Wadlala insimbi yomculo, futhi zonke izidalwa eziphilayo zeza zigijima zizolalela umculo omnandi. Ngenkathi kuzwakala, Ukufa kwakungenamandla. Kodwa lapho uKorkut elele, futhi washaywa inyoka, lapho ukufa kwaphinde kwavela khona. Ngemva kokushiya umhlaba wabaphilayo, le nsizwa yaba umthwali wokungafi nokuphila okuphakade, umgcini wawo wonke ama-shaman, inkosi yaManzi Aphansi.

Ukusetshenziswa kobyz

Emazweni ahlukene emhlabeni kukhona okufanayo insimbi Kazakh. EMongolia yi-morin-khuur, eNdiya yi-taus, ePakistan yi-sarangi. I-analogue yaseRussia - i-violin, i-cello. E-Kazakhstan, amasiko okudlala i-kobyz awahlotshaniswa nemikhuba yobuhlanga kuphela. Yayisetshenziswa imihambima kanye nama-zhyrau - abeluleki bamakhan, ababecula imisebenzi yabo. Namuhla iyilungu lama-ensembles nama-orchestra ezinsimbi zomculo wesintu, izwakala iyodwa, ikhiqiza kabusha i-kuis kazwelonke yendabuko. Abaculi baseKazakh basebenzisa i-kobyz ekuqambeni kwe-rock, emculweni we-pop kanye ne-folk epic.

Abadlali Abadumile

Ama-kobyzists adume kakhulu:

• U-Korkyt ungumqambi we-IX-early X eminyaka;
• Zhappas Kalambaev - virtuoso kanye umbhali izingoma zomculo;
• U-Fatima Balgayeva ungumdlali oyedwa we-Kazakh Academic Orchestra of Folk Instruments, umbhali wesu lokuqala lokudlala i-kobyz.

E-Kazakhstan, u-Layli Tazhibayeva uyathandwa - umdlali we-kobyz owaziwayo, owesifazane wangaphambili weqembu le-Layla-Qobyz. Iqembu lenza ama-ballads e-rock oqobo, lapho umsindo we-kobyz unikeza ukunambitheka okukhethekile.