Karl Böhm |
UKarl Boehm
Cishe ingxenye yekhulu leminyaka, umsebenzi wobuciko oxubene nezithelo zika-Karl Böhm uqhubekile, walethela iciko lodumo njengomunye wabaqhubi abahamba phambili eYurophu. I-Erudition enkulu, ama-horizons okudala abanzi, ikhono eliguquguqukayo u-Boehm phakathi neminyaka edlule limzuzela abalandeli abaningi nomaphi lapho umculi kufanele enze khona, lapho ethengisa khona amarekhodi aqoshwe ama-orchestra angcono kakhulu emhlabeni ngaphansi kokuqondisa kwakhe.
“Umqhubi uKarl Böhm, uRichard Strauss amnikeze ifa lakhe lobuciko ngemva kokuphela kwempi, ungumuntu wangempela enkundleni ye-opera nekhonsathi. Umculo wakhe ophilayo, onwebekayo, ohambisana nokuhlakanipha okusebenzayo namakhono amakhulu okufundisa, uyakwazi ukufeza impumelelo ephakeme kakhulu yokuhumusha. Umoya omusha osusa noma isiphi isimiso uyangena ekwenziweni kwakhe umculo. Ukuthinta kuka-Boehm, okufaniswe ku-Strauss no-Mook, kulula futhi ukonga. Ubuciko be-acoustic nolwazi, oluthuthukiswe phakathi namashumi eminyaka, kumvumela ukuba alungiselele ukudlala okunjalo lapho ezivivinywa okuhlangabezana ngokugcwele nomqondo wakhe wokuqukethwe nomsindo wemisebenzi,” kubhala isazi somculo saseJalimane u-H. Ludike.
Ukuqala komsebenzi kaBoehm njengomqhubi kwakungavamile. Esengumfundi wezomthetho e-University of Vienna, wakhombisa intshisekelo enkulu emculweni kunasezomthetho, nakuba kamuva wavikela incwadi yakhe yobudokotela. UBohm wahlala ngentshiseko amahora amaningi ezivivinyweni ze-The Cavalier of the Roses, ezashiya uphawu olucacile enkumbulweni yakhe, wafunda kumngane kaBrahms u-E. Mandishevsky kanye no-K. Muk, owamqondisa endleleni yomqhubi. Ngemva kwalokho, uBöhm kwadingeka achithe iminyaka eminingana ebuthweni. Futhi kuphela ngo-1917, ngemva demobilization, wakwazi ukuthola indawo njengoba umqhubi umsizi, bese umqhubi wesibili edolobheni yaseshashalazini Graz, edolobheni lakubo. Lapha ngo-1921 uBruno Walter wamqaphela futhi wamthatha njengomsizi wakhe eMunich, lapho umqhubi osemusha wachitha khona iminyaka eyisithupha eyalandela. Ukusebenzisana nenkosi emangalisayo esikhundleni sakhe kwafakwa i-conservatory, futhi ulwazi aluthola lwamvumela ukuba abe umqhubi nomqondisi womculo we-opera house eDarmstadt. Kusukela ngo-1931, uBöhm usenesikhathi eside ehola enye yemidlalo yaseshashalazini ehamba phambili eJalimane - i-Hamburg Opera, kwathi ngo-1934 yathatha indawo kaF. Bush eDresden.
Kakade ngaleso sikhathi, uBoehm wazuza idumela lokuba uchwepheshe nomhumushi omuhle kakhulu wama-opera kaMozart noWagner, ama-symphonies kaBruckner futhi, ngaphezu kwakho konke, umsebenzi kaR. Strauss, owaba umngane wakhe nomsakazi wenkulumo-ze oshisekayo. Ama-opera kaStrauss ethi Owesifazane Othule kanye noDaphne enziwa okokuqala ngaphansi kokuqondisa kwakhe, futhi lena yokugcina yanikezelwa ngumbhali ku-K. Böhm. Izici ezingcono kakhulu zethalente lomdwebi - umuzwa wesimo esingenasici, ikhono lokulinganisa ngokucashile nangokunembile izigaba ezishintshashintshayo, isikali semiqondo kanye nokukhuthazeka kokusebenza - kuboniswe ngokucacile ngokunembile ekuchazeni umculo kaStrauss.
U-Böhm ugcine abathintwayo abanobuhlakani neqoqo lase-Dresden eminyakeni yangemva kwempi. Kodwa isikhungo somsebenzi wakhe kusukela ngo-1942 kwakuyiVienna. Waphinda kabili ngo-1943-1945 nango-1954-1956 wahola i-Vienna State Opera, wahola umkhosi owawunikezelwe ukuvulwa kwesakhiwo sayo esibuyiselwe. Isikhathi esisele, u-Böhm wayevame ukwenza amakhonsathi nemidlalo lapha. Ngokuhambisana nalokhu, kwakungabonakala cishe kuzo zonke izikhungo ezinkulu zomhlaba; wacula eBerlin, Salzburg, Prague, Naples, New York, Buenos Aires (lapho aqondisa khona iColon Theatre iminyaka eminingana) nakwamanye amadolobha.
Nakuba kwakuyincazelo yemisebenzi kaStrauss, kanye nezakudala zaseViennese kanye noWagner, okuqale kwaletha ukuthandwa kukaBoehm, umlando wokudala womdwebi uhlanganisa impumelelo eminingi ekhanyayo ngaphandle kwale nkundla. Ikakhulukazi, ama-opera amaningi abalobi besikhathi samanje, njengoR. Wagner-Regeni noG. Zoetermeister, banesikweletu kuye ngokukhiqiza kokuqala. UBöhm ungomunye wabadlali abahamba phambili be-opera ka-A. Berg ethi Wozzeck.
L. Grigoriev, J. Platek, ngo-1969
