Eduard van Beinum |

Eduard van Beinum

Ngokuqondana okujabulisayo, i-Holland encane inikeze umhlaba amakhosi amabili amangalisayo phakathi nezizukulwane ezimbili.

Kumuntu ka-Eduard van Beinum, i-orchestra ehamba phambili e-Netherlands - i-Concertgebouw edumile - ithole indawo efanelekayo kaWillem Mengelberg odumile. Lapho, ngo-1931, omunye owathweswa iziqu e-Amsterdam Conservatory, eBeinum, eba umbhidisi wesibili weConcertgebouw, “irekhodi” lakhe kakade lalihlanganisa iminyaka eminingana yama-orchestra aphambili eHiedam, eHaarlem, futhi ngaphambi kwalokho, isikhathi eside sokusebenza njengeqembu. i-violist ku-orchestra, lapho aqala khona ukudlala kusukela eneminyaka eyishumi nesithupha, kanye nomshayi wopiyano kuma-ensembles e-chamber.

E-Amsterdam, okokuqala wadonsela ukunakekela kuye ngokwenza repertoire yesimanje: imisebenzi Berg, Webern, Roussel, Bartok, Stravinsky. Lokhu kwamehlukanisa nozakwabo abadala nabanolwazi oluthe xaxa abasebenza ne-orchestra - uMengelberg no-Monte - futhi kwamvumela ukuthi athathe isikhundla esizimele. Phakathi neminyaka edlule, iye yaqiniswa, futhi kakade ngo-1938, isikhundla somqhubi wokuqala "wesibili" sasungulwa ngokukhethekile eBeinum. Ngemva kwalokho, wayesevele ebambe amakhonsathi amaningi kakhulu kuno-V. Mengelberg osekhulile. Khonamanjalo, ithalente lakhe selidume phesheya. Ngo-1936, uBeinum waqhutshwa eWarsaw, lapho aqala khona ukwenza i-Second Symphony ka-H. Badings enikezelwe kuye, futhi ngemva kwalokho wavakashela eSwitzerland, eFrance, e-USSR (1937) nakwamanye amazwe.

Kusukela ngo-1945, uBeinum waba yedwa umqondisi we-orchestra. Unyaka ngamunye wamlethela yena kanye neqembu impumelelo emisha emangalisayo. Abaculi baseDutch benza ngaphansi kokuqondisa kwakhe cishe kuwo wonke amazwe aseNtshonalanga Yurophu; umqhubi ngokwakhe, ngaphezu kwalokhu, uye wahambela ngempumelelo eMilan, eRoma, eNaples, eParis, eVienna, eLondon, eRio de Janeiro naseBuenos Aires, eNew York nasePhiladelphia. Futhi yonke indawo ukugxekwa kwanikeza ukubuyekezwa okujabulisayo kobuciko bakhe. Nokho, izinkambo eziningi azizange zilethe ukwaneliseka okukhulu kumculi - wakhetha ngokucophelela, ukusebenza kanzima ne-orchestra, ekholelwa ukuthi ukubambisana okuqhubekayo kuphela phakathi komqhubi nabaculi kungaletha imiphumela emihle. Ngakho-ke, wenqaba izithembiso eziningi eziholelayo uma zingahileli umsebenzi omude wokuprakthiza. Kodwa kusukela ngo-1949 kuya ku-1952 wayevame ukuchitha izinyanga ezimbalwa eLondon, ehola i-Philharmonic Orchestra, futhi ngo-1956-1957 wasebenza ngendlela efanayo e-Los Angeles. U-Beinum wanikela ngawo wonke amandla akhe kubuciko bakhe abuthandayo futhi washonela emsebenzini - ngesikhathi sokuzilolonga ne-orchestra ye-Concertgebouw.

U-Eduard van Beinum wadlala indima enkulu ekuthuthukiseni isiko lomculo kazwelonke wezwe lakubo, ekhuthaza ubuciko babantu bakubo, waba neqhaza ekuthuthukiseni ubuciko be-orchestra. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, njengomqhubi, wayehlukaniswa ikhono elingavamile lokuhumusha umculo kusukela ezikhathini ezahlukene kanye nezitayela ngekhono elifanayo nomuzwa wesitayela. Mhlawumbe, umculo wesiFulentshi wawuseduze kakhulu naye - uDebussy noRavel, kanye noBruckner noBartok, imisebenzi yabo ayenza ngokuphefumulelwa okukhethekile nobuqili. Imisebenzi eminingi ka-K. Shimanovsky, D. Shostakovich, L. Janachek, B. Bartok, Z. Kodai yenziwa okokuqala eNetherlands ngaphansi kokuqondisa kwakhe. I-Baynum yayinesiphiwo esimangalisayo sokukhuthaza abaculi, ibachazela imisebenzi cishe ngaphandle kwamagama; intuition ecebile, umcabango ocacile, ukuntuleka kwama-cliches kwanika incazelo yakhe uhlamvu lwenhlanganisela engavamile yenkululeko yobuciko yomuntu ngamunye kanye nobunye obudingekayo be-orchestra yonke.

I-Baynum ishiye inani elikhulu lokurekhodiwe, okuhlanganisa imisebenzi ka-Bach, Handel, Mozart, Beethoven, Brahms, Ravel, Rimsky-Korsakov (Scheherazade) kanye noTchaikovsky (suite evela ku-Nutcracker).

L. Grigoriev, J. Platek