I-Dumbyra: isakhiwo sensimbi, umlando, ukwakha, ukusetshenziswa

I-Folklore ithatha indawo ekhethekile kusiko lamasiko laseBashkir. Ezinkulungwaneni zeminyaka edlule, ababalisi baseBashkir bazulazula emazweni, bekhuluma ngezwe labo lendabuko, nasekhaya - mayelana nohambo lwabo, amasiko abanye abantu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, baziphelezela ngosizo lwensimbi yomculo enezintambo ezinezintambo i-dombyra.

Ukwakheka

Izibonelo ezindala kakhulu zazenziwe ngokhuni lwe-dugout. I-soundboard emise okwe-teardrop enembobo ye-resonator engxenyeni engenhla iphetha ngentamo ewumngcingo enama-frets angu-19. Ubude bensimbi kazwelonke ye-Bashkir buyi-80 centimeters.

Izintambo ezintathu zixhunywe esihlokweni, futhi zihlanganiswe nezinkinobho ngaphansi komzimba. Ekubunjweni kwanamuhla, izintambo ziyinsimbi noma inayiloni, ezinsukwini zakudala zazenziwe ngehhashi.

Isakhiwo se-dumbyry siyi-quinto-quart. Intambo engezansi ikhiqiza umsindo we-bourdon, ezimbili eziphezulu kuphela ezinomculo. Ngesikhathi sokudlala, umculi uhlezi noma ame, ebambe umzimba ngokugobile ubhodisi lweminwe lubheke phezulu, ngesikhathi esifanayo ashaye zonke izintambo. Isu lokudlala lisikhumbuza i-balaika.

Umlando

I-Dumbyra ayikwazi ukubizwa ngommeleli oyingqayizivele noma wokuqala womndeni wentambo ehlutshiwe. Abantu abaningi baseTurkic banamagama afanayo, kodwa banamagama ahlukene: amaKazakh ane-dombra, amaKyrgyz anekomuz, ama-Uzbek abiza insimbi yawo ngokuthi "dutar". Phakathi kwazo, ziyehluka ngobude bentamo kanye nenani lezintambo.

I-Bashkir dumbyra yayikhona eminyakeni engaba ngu-4000 edlule. Wayeyithuluzi labahambi, ababalisi, izingoma kanye nama-kubairs ayenziwa ngaphansi komsindo wakhe - wezinganekwane eziphindaphindayo ezinkondlo. USesen ngokwesiko wayecula umoya wesizwe, inkululeko yabantu, okwathi ekupheleni kwekhulu lesi-XNUMX bashushiswa ngenkuthalo yiziphathimandla ze-tsarist. Abaxoxi banyamalala kancane kancane, futhi i-dumbyra yathula nabo.

Insimbi yezinzwa ezithanda inkululeko yathathelwa indawo i-mandolin. Kuphela ekupheleni kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule kwaqala ukwakhiwa kabusha kwayo, okwakusekelwe ezincazelweni ezisekhona, ubufakazi, imidwebo. Umculi no-Ethnographer G. Kubagushev akakwazanga nje ukubuyisela umklamo we-dombyra kazwelonke, kodwa futhi nokuza nenguqulo yakhe, efana ne-Kazakh domra-viola. Imisebenzi engaphezu kuka-500 yabhalelwa yena ngumbhali we-Bashkir N. Tlendiev.

Njengamanje, intshisekelo ku-dumbyra iphinda ivela. Abantu abasha banesithakazelo kuye, ngakho-ke kungenzeka ukuthi maduze nje insimbi yomculo kazwelonke izophinde ikhale, ihlabelela inkululeko yabantu bayo.